学年新人教版高中英语新教案必修一定语从句专题讲解详细.docx

1、学年新人教版高中英语新教案必修一 定语从句专题讲解详细定语从句知识导图引入Mary is a girl who is happy. 概念定语从句：在复合句中起形容词作用，作定语，修饰名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。先行词：被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词。关系词：连接先行词和从句的词叫关系词。注意：关系词指代先行词，并在句子起连接作用，连接主句和从句，同时又在定语从句中充当成分（主、宾、表、状等）关系词根据其在从句中所充当的成分可以分为：关系代词：在从句中做 主、宾、表、定（that/which/who/whom/whose/as）关系副词：在从句中作状语 (When/where/why)关系代词和关系

2、副词用法注：高考试题中对于where的考查趋于复杂，从先行词为“明显的地点”转化“模糊化的地点”。事实上，对于where这个词，考生不能只理解为表地点，当先行词表示某人/物的situation,或某事所发展的stage和point，或表达某事的某个方面时都可用where这个关系副词。常见的抽象名词作先行词的有：point， position， situation，stage，state，case， scene等。He said if we ever got to the point where we needed to use life jackets, he would have alrea

3、dy died of terror.他说假定我们真的到了需要用救生衣的地步，他早就吓死了。 定语从句的分类1) 限制性定语从句：从句不可少，没有它，先行词的意思不明确，主句也不完整。与先行词之间不用逗号。Mary is a girl who has long hair.先行词 关系词 定语从句关系代词 关系副词 2) 非限制性定语从句：是对先行词的补充说明或描绘作用，没有它不会影响先行词或主句意思的完整性。 从句一般用逗号同主句分开。George, who is my classmate, has won a scholarship. 先行词 关系词 定语从句限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句的

4、区别 定语从句中的注意事项1）只能用which,不能用that的情况在介词后只用which，不能用that。This is the bank in which the robbery happened.这是那所发生抢劫案的银行。先行词本身是that时，只能用which，不能用that。The clock is that which tells the time.钟表是用来报时的。在非限制定语从句中，只用which,不用that。2）只用that不用which的情况先行词被形容词最高级修饰时只能用that。This is the most beautiful mountain that I ha

5、ve seen. 这是我所见过的最美丽的山。先行词被序数词修饰时只能用that。The first English novel that I read was Thirty-nine Steps.我读的第一本英文小说是39级台阶。先行词前有 the only, the very, the last，few, little, no,等修饰词时只能用that。This is the only book that I like.这是我唯一喜欢的一本书。先行词是everything, something, anything, all, none, much, many,等不定代词时，只能用that。F

6、inally, the thief handed in everything that he had stolen.最后小偷交出了他所偷的东西。先行词同时含有“人”和“物”的名词时，只能用that。I can remember the people and some pictures that I saw in the room.我能记得我在房间里看到的人和一些图画。当先行词在主句中作表语，而关系代词也在从句中作表语，只能用that。My hometown is no longer the place that it used to be.我的家乡已经不是过去那样了。在以which或who引导

7、的疑问句后，只能用that。Which is the bike that you lost? 哪辆是你丢的自行车？Who is the person that is standing at the gate?站在门口的那个人是谁？3）“介词+关系代词”的用法有时定语从句中的介词可以提到关系代词前面，形成“介词+关系代词”结构，该结构中的关系代词可用which, whose, who 不可以用that和who。该结构中的介词可以根据定语从句中谓语的搭配、与先行词的搭配或者句子的意义来确定。e.g. This is the house of which I spoke. (根据动词speak的搭配

8、而定） This is the camera with which he often takes photos. (根据先行词的搭配而定) This is the pilot by whom my son was saved.(根据句子的意义来确定)注： 有些“动词+介词”短语，如look for, look after, call on 等不可拆开，不可把介词放在关系代词之前。He is the old man who/whom we looked after last year.他是我们去年照顾的那个老人。That is the book which I am looking for.那就

9、是我要找的书。4）定语从句中主谓一致的问题当关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，定语从句中的谓语动词要与先行词的人称和数保持一致(我们要知道，关系代词所代指的就是先行词，这里有一个等量关系)。1 当先行词是 one of + 复数名词，定语从句的位于动词要用复数形式The Great Wall is one of the world-famous buildings that draw lots of visitor every year. 2 当先行词是 the only + one of +复数名词，从句谓语用单数形式The Great Wall is the only one of the b

10、uildings on the earth that is seen from the moon. 先行词如果是整个句子，定语从句的谓语动词用单数Great changes have taken place in China, as is known to all.He has passed the driving test, which surprises all of us.5）as, which 引导非限定性定语从句的差别关系代词as和which都可用来引导非限制性定语从句，都可用来指代主句或主句中的名词或短语，一般可互换，但用法有以下区别：as 引导的定语从句可置于句首、句中、句末，而

11、which不可。As we all know, he never smokes.在从句中作主语时，which既可作连系动词be的主语，也可作实义动词的主语；而as只可作连系动词be的主语。He married her，which/as was natural.他和她结婚了，这是很自然的事。He saw the girl, which delighted him.他见到那个女孩，这使他很高兴。非限定性定语从句中出现expect, think, suppose 等表示猜测、想象、预料等时。She succeeded in her doing the research work, as we exp

12、ected.as 的用法 the same as; suchas 中的as 是一种固定结构, 和一样。I should like to use the same tool as is used here.We should have such a dictionary as he is using.6）way和time后接定语从句的用法。当先行词是way(方式、方法)时，如果先行词way后面的定语从句中缺少主语、宾语、表语，则引导词用that/which/不填。 thatThe way which he explained to us was quite simple. 不填他向我们解释的那种

13、方法很简单。如果先行词way后面的定语从句缺少（方式）状语，则引导词用that/in which/不填。 thatThe way he explained the sentences to us was not difficult to understand.他向我们解释句子的那种方法不难理解。 当先行词是time时（时期、次数）时，如果time表示“次数”，应用关系代词that引导定语从句，that可省略。It is the first time（次数） that Mr. Smith has visited China.这是史密斯先生第一次到中国游览。如果time表示“时期，一段时间”，应用

14、关系副词when或at/during + which引导定语从句。There was a time（时期） when/during which there were no radios, no telephones and TV sets.曾经有一个没有收音机，没有电话，也没有电视的时期。7） 定语从句和同位语从句的区别定语从句知识导图引入Mary is a girl who is happy. 概念定语从句：在复合句中起形容词作用，作定语，修饰名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。先行词：被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词。关系词：连接先行词和从句的词叫关系词。注意：关系词指代先行词，并在句子起连接作用，连接

15、主句和从句，同时又在定语从句中充当成分（主、宾、表、状等）关系词根据其在从句中所充当的成分可以分为：关系代词：在从句中做 主、宾、表、定（that/which/who/whom/whose/as）关系副词：在从句中作状语 (When/where/why)关系代词和关系副词用法先行词关系代词从句中的成分例句 备注 备注备注人who主、宾、表This is the doctor who saved the boys life.这就是救了孩子生命的医生。who在从句中做主语whom在从句中做宾语，口语中who可以代替whom，也可以被省去，但做介词宾语时只能用whomwhom宾She is the

16、new student whom I want to introduce to you.她就是我要介绍给你的新学生zwhom只能作宾语可省去物which主、宾、表Please pass me the book which is lying on the table.请递给我摆在桌上的那本书。The novel which Tom bought is very interesting.汤姆买的小说很有意思which充当宾语时可以省去。which充当宾语时，可以省去。which做介词宾语，不可省去。which做介词宾语不可省人、物that主、宾、表The woman that is playing

17、 the piano is Miss Zhang.正在弹钢琴的那位妇女是张小姐。Id like to see the films that are just on show.我想看那些刚上映的电影。that作宾语时可以省去whose定语The bike whose brake was damaged has now been repaired.那辆坏了闸的自行车现在已经修好了。=The bike the brake of which was damaged has now been repairedwhose在从句中做定语指某人时，也可以用of whom/ the+名词+of whom代替wh

18、ose指物时也可以用，of which/the+名词of which 代替 whoseas主、宾、表This is the same book as I lost yesterday.这本书与我昨天丢失的那本书一样。He gets up early ，as is always his habit.他总是早起床，这是他的习惯一般不可以省去先行词关系副词从句中的成分例句 备注 备注备注时间when时间状语Well never forget the day when the Peoples Republic of China was founded.我们永远不会忘记中华人民共和国成立的那一天。whe

19、n=on/in/at/during等介词+which地点where地点状语This is the room where he put up for the night.这就是他渡过夜晚的那房子。where=in/at/on/under等介词which原因why原因状语I know the reason why she studies so well.我知道她学习好的原因。why=for which注：高考试题中对于where的考查趋于复杂，从先行词为“明显的地点”转化“模糊化的地点”。事实上，对于where这个词，考生不能只理解为表地点，当先行词表示某人/物的situation,或某事所发展的

20、stage和point，或表达某事的某个方面时都可用where这个关系副词。常见的抽象名词作先行词的有：point， position， situation，stage，state，case， scene等。He said if we ever got to the point where we needed to use life jackets, he would have already died of terror.他说假定我们真的到了需要用救生衣的地步，他早就吓死了。 定语从句的分类3) 限制性定语从句：从句不可少，没有它，先行词的意思不明确，主句也不完整。与先行词之间不用逗号。Ma

21、ry is a girl who has long hair.先行词 关系词 定语从句关系代词 关系副词 4) 非限制性定语从句：是对先行词的补充说明或描绘作用，没有它不会影响先行词或主句意思的完整性。 从句一般用逗号同主句分开。George, who is my classmate, has won a scholarship. 先行词 关系词 定语从句限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句的区别限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句从句与先行词的关系从句是先行词不可缺少的定语，如果省去，主句的意思就会不完整或不明确。从句只是对先行词的附加说明，如果省去,主句的意思仍然清楚或完整标 点从句和主句之间不用逗

22、号分开从句和主句之间通常用逗号分开关系代词指人who (that) whom指物which (that)人和物whose关系代词在从句中作宾语时可以省去指人who（作主语）whom（做宾语）指物which人和物的whose关系代词一般不可省修饰从句只修饰一个名词或代词可以修饰一个名词或代词也可修饰整个主句翻译定语从句译在被修饰词的前面定语从句通常被译成另一个独立的句子 定语从句中的注意事项1）只能用which,不能用that的情况在介词后只用which，不能用that。This is the bank in which the robbery happened.这是那所发生抢劫案的银行。先行词

23、本身是that时，只能用which，不能用that。The clock is that which tells the time.钟表是用来报时的。在非限制定语从句中，只用which,不用that。2）只用that不用which的情况先行词被形容词最高级修饰时只能用that。This is the most beautiful mountain that I have seen. 这是我所见过的最美丽的山。先行词被序数词修饰时只能用that。The first English novel that I read was Thirty-nine Steps.我读的第一本英文小说是39级台阶。先行

24、词前有 the only, the very, the last，few, little, no,等修饰词时只能用that。This is the only book that I like.这是我唯一喜欢的一本书。先行词是everything, something, anything, all, none, much, many,等不定代词时，只能用that。Finally, the thief handed in everything that he had stolen.最后小偷交出了他所偷的东西。先行词同时含有“人”和“物”的名词时，只能用that。I can remember the

25、 people and some pictures that I saw in the room.我能记得我在房间里看到的人和一些图画。当先行词在主句中作表语，而关系代词也在从句中作表语，只能用that。My hometown is no longer the place that it used to be.我的家乡已经不是过去那样了。在以which或who引导的疑问句后，只能用that。Which is the bike that you lost? 哪辆是你丢的自行车？Who is the person that is standing at the gate?站在门口的那个人是谁？3）

26、“介词+关系代词”的用法有时定语从句中的介词可以提到关系代词前面，形成“介词+关系代词”结构，该结构中的关系代词可用which, whose, who 不可以用that和who。该结构中的介词可以根据定语从句中谓语的搭配、与先行词的搭配或者句子的意义来确定。e.g. This is the house of which I spoke. (根据动词speak的搭配而定） This is the camera with which he often takes photos. (根据先行词的搭配而定) This is the pilot by whom my son was saved.(根据句

27、子的意义来确定)注： 有些“动词+介词”短语，如look for, look after, call on 等不可拆开，不可把介词放在关系代词之前。He is the old man who/whom we looked after last year.他是我们去年照顾的那个老人。That is the book which I am looking for.那就是我要找的书。4）定语从句中主谓一致的问题当关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，定语从句中的谓语动词要与先行词的人称和数保持一致(我们要知道，关系代词所代指的就是先行词，这里有一个等量关系)。3 当先行词是 one of + 复数名词，定语

28、从句的位于动词要用复数形式The Great Wall is one of the world-famous buildings that draw lots of visitor every year. 4 当先行词是 the only + one of +复数名词，从句谓语用单数形式The Great Wall is the only one of the buildings on the earth that is seen from the moon. 先行词如果是整个句子，定语从句的谓语动词用单数Great changes have taken place in China, as

29、is known to all.He has passed the driving test, which surprises all of us.5）as, which 引导非限定性定语从句的差别关系代词as和which都可用来引导非限制性定语从句，都可用来指代主句或主句中的名词或短语，一般可互换，但用法有以下区别：as 引导的定语从句可置于句首、句中、句末，而which不可。As we all know, he never smokes.在从句中作主语时，which既可作连系动词be的主语，也可作实义动词的主语；而as只可作连系动词be的主语。He married her，which/as

30、 was natural.他和她结婚了，这是很自然的事。He saw the girl, which delighted him.他见到那个女孩，这使他很高兴。非限定性定语从句中出现expect, think, suppose 等表示猜测、想象、预料等时。She succeeded in her doing the research work, as we expected.as 的用法 the same as; suchas 中的as 是一种固定结构, 和一样。I should like to use the same tool as is used here.We should have such a dictionary as he is using.6）way和time后接定语从句的用法。当先行词是way(方式、方法)时，如果先行词way后面的定语从句中缺少主语、宾语、表语，则引导词用that/which/不填。 thatThe way which he explained to us was quite simple. 不填他向我们解释的那种方法很简单。如果先行词way后面的定语从句缺少（方式）状语，则引导词用that/in which/不填。 t