直接引语和间接引语用法及练习(含答案).docx

1、 直接引语和间接引语直接引语变为间接引语时，人称代词要根据转述人的立场作相应变动。人称代词的变动情况要根据语境及转述人的不同作相应变化，一般情况下，与汉语中的变化相同。可记住一个口诀：“一主、二宾、三不变”。即第一人称按照主句中的主语变化，第二人称按照主句中的宾语变化，第三人称一般不需要变化。例如：1)Hesaid,“Iamgladtoseeyou.”Hesaidthathewasgladtoseeme.2) “Doyouknowthemanoverthere?”MarysaidtoTom.MaryaskedTomifheknewthemanoverthere.3) Jimsaidtome,“

2、Janeleftherschoolbagathome.”JimtoldmethatJanehadleftherschoolbagathome.2、时态的变化（1）主句的谓语动词是一般过去时直接引语 间接引语一般现在时 一般过去时现在进行时 过去进行时现在完成时 过去完成时一般过去时 过去完成时过去完成时 过去完成时(不变)一般将来时 过去将来时一般将来进行时 过去将来进行时一般将来完成时 过去将来完成时如主句的谓语动词是一般过去时，直接引语变间接引语时，从句的谓语动词在时态方面要作相应的变化。直接引语改为间接引语时,动词时态相应变化表：He said, “I usually watch TV

3、on Sunday.”他说：“我常在星期天看电视”。He said that he usually watched TV on Sunday.他说他常在星期天看电视。He said, “Im using the knife.”他说：“我正在用小刀。”He said that he was using the knife.他说他正在用小刀。She said, “I have not heard from him since May.”她说：“自从五月份来我就没有收到他的来信。”She said that she had not heard from him since May. 她说自从五月份以

4、来她就没收到他的来信。He said，“I came to help you.”他说：“我来帮助你。”He said that he had come to help me.他说他来帮助我。注意：直接引语如果是客观真理、名人名言、与一个具体的过去时间连用说明客观事实时，变为间接引语时，时态不变。The teacher said, “The earth is round. ”老师说：“地球是圆的。”The teacher said that the earth is round.老师说地球是圆的。（2） 主句的谓语动词是现在时或将来时（3） 如果主句的谓语动词是现在时或将来时，直接引语变为间接引

5、语时，时态一律不变He says, “I finished the work.”他说：“我做完工作了。”He says that he finished the work. 他说他做完工作了。He will say, “I have watered the flowers.”他会说：“我己经浇花了。”He will say he has watered the flowers. 他会说他己经浇花了。3、指示代词、时间状语和地点状语的相应变化 直接引语 间接引语指示代词 this/these that/those时间状语 now then today that day tonight that

6、night this week (month) that week (month) Yesterday the day before last week (month) the week (month)before two weeks (month)ago two weeks (months)before tomorrow the next day next week (month) the next week (month)地点状语 here there动 词 come-go Bring-takeHe said, “My sister was here three days ago.”他说：

7、“三天前我妹妹在这儿。”He said that his sister had been there three days before.他说三天前他妹妹在那儿。(herethere; agobefore)She said, “I will come here this evening.”她说：“今晚我将来这儿。”She said that she would go there that evening.她说那晚她将去那儿。（comego；herethere；thisthat）以上这些变化,要根据说话的具体时间和具体地点的情况而定，不可机械照搬。如果就在当地转述，here就不必改为there,

8、 come也不必改为go,如果就在当天转述，yesterday或tomorrow等时间状语也不必改变。二、 当直接引语是陈述句时直接引语是陈述句时，间接引语用that引导，但在口语中that可以省去。从句中的人称、时态、指示代词、时间状语和地点状语等要作相应的变化。例如：Shesaidtome,“Icamebackanhourago.”Shesaidto/toldmethatshehadcomebackanhourbefore.三、 当直接引语是一般疑问句、选择疑问句、反意疑问句时1、疑问句语序变为陈述句语序。2、主句中的谓语动词为said时，要改为asked；没有间接宾语时，可以加一个间接宾

9、语（如me，him等）。3、句末用句号。4、 从句中的人称、动词时态和状语等也要作相应的变化。5、原句若为一般疑问句时，用whether或if转述；Hesaid,“AreyouinterestedinEnglish?”Heasked(me)if/whetherIwasinterestedinEnglish.6 原句若为选择疑问句时，用whetheror/ornot；Iaskedhim,“Willyoustayathomeorgotoafilmtonight?”Iaskedhimwhetherhewouldstayathomeorgotoafilmthatnight.7. 原句若为反意疑问句，则

10、常用whether或if转述。“Youvealreadygotwell,haventyou?”sheaskedSheasked(me)whether/ifIhadalreadygotwell.四、当直接引语是特殊疑问句时如果直接引语是特殊疑问句，改为间接引语时，仍用原句中的wh-类的词引导，其余的变化同直接引语为一般疑问句的情况25条一样。例如：“Whatisyourname?”heaskedme.Heaskedmewhatmynamewas.Heasked:“Whereareyoutogetoff,Peter?”HeaskedPeterwherehewastogetoff.如果在直接引语的特

11、殊疑问句中，疑问词作主语或主语的修饰语，则语序不需要变化。例如：“Whosepictureisthemostbeautifulinyourclass?”askedtheboysfather.Theboysfatheraskedhimwhosepicturewasthemostbeautifulinhisclass.五、当直接引语是祈使句时直接引语为祈使句，变为间接引语可用如下的结构“主语+askedsb.(not)todosth.”。1、需将原祈使句中谓语动词变成不定式。如果祈使句为否定句，则用不定式的否定形式，即在不定式前加not。2、原主句谓语动词said须改为asked，told或ord

12、ered等含有祈使意义的能带宾补的及物动词。asksb.(not)todosth.表示客气）tellsb.(not)todosth.（命令性强于上面）ordersb.(not)todosth.（命令性最强）例如：Hesaid,“Dontmakesomuchnoise.”Hetoldusnottomakesomuchnoise.3、 原句有“please”时，主句谓语多用asked（请求），并去掉please。例如：Hesaidtome,“Shutthewindow,please.”Heaskedmetoshutthewindow.4如果以let开头的祈使句表示劝告或建议，可用“suggest+

13、that从句”或“suggestdoing”来转述。例如：“Letsgotothecinema.”Tomsaid.Tomsuggestedgoingtothecinema.Tomsuggestedthattheyshouldgotothecinema.六、直接引语是感叹句时直接引语是感叹句变间接引语时仍可用what或how引导，词序不变，也可用that引导，将句子变成相应的名词性从句。例如：Shesaid,“Whatalovelydayitis!”Shesaidwhatalovelydayitwas.Shesaidthatitwasalovelyday.Heasked_forthecomput

14、er.didIpayhowmuchB.IpaidhowmuchC.howmuchdidIpayD.howmuchIpaid2.“Haveyouseenthefilm?”heaskedme.Heaskedme_.A.hadIseenthefilmB.haveIseenthefilmC.ifIhaveseenthefilmD.whetherIhadseenthefilm3.“Pleaseclosethewindow,”hesaidtome.He_me_thewindow.A.saidto;tocloseB.toldto;closingC.askedtocloseD.saidto;pleaseclo

15、se4.“Iamateacher,”Jacksaid.Hesaid_.A.thatIamateacherB.IwasateacherC.thatheisateacherD.hewasateacher5.Hesaid,“Mother,theboyisverynaughty.”He_-verynaughty.A.saidhismotherthattheboywasB.saidtohismotherthattheboyisC.toldhismotherthattheboywasD.spoketohismotherthattheboywas“Youvealreadygotwell,haventyou?

16、”sheasked.Sheasked_.A.ifIhavealreadygotwell,hadntyouB.whetherIhadalreadygotwellC.haveIalreadygotwellD.hadIalreadygotwell.Heasked,“AreyouaPartymemberoraLeaguemember?”Heaskedme_.A.amIaPartymemberoraLeaguememberB.wasIaPartymemberoraLeaguememberC.ifIwasaPartymemberoraLeaguememberD.whetherwasIaPartymembe

17、roraLeaguemember.Heasked,“Howareyougettingalong?”Heasked_.A.howamIgettingalongB.howareyougettingalongC.howIwasgettingalongD.howwasIgettingalong9.Heaskedme_withme.A.whatthematterisB.whatthematerwasC.whatsthematterD.whatwasthematterHesaid,“Dontdothatagain.”He_me_thatagain.A.saidtome;nottodoB.saidtome;

18、dontdoC.toldme;dontdoD.toldme;nottodo11.Heasked_fortheviolin.A.didIpayhowmuchB.IpaidhowmuchC.howmuchdidIpayD.howmuchIpaid12.Canyoumakesure_thegoldring?A.whereAlicehasputB.wherehadAliceputC.whereAlicehadputD.wherehasAliceput13.Thesephotoswillshowyou_.whatdoesourvillagelooklikeB.whatourvillagelookslik

19、eC.howourvillagelooklikeD.howourvillagelookslikeYoucantimagine_whentheyreceivedtheseniceChristmaspresents.A.howtheywereexcitedB.howexcitedtheywereC.howexcitedweretheyD.theywerehowexcited_shesaidsuggestedthatshehadntdecided_togoornot.A.What,ifB.That,whetherC.What,whetherD.What,whichever16.Illaskmypar

20、ents_.A.whethertheywillagreetogoB.iftheyletmegoC.iftheywillletmegoD.whethertheyallowmeto17.-DoyoumindifJimwillcometohelp?-Ireallydontknow_apersonlikehimcanhelpmewith.A.whatB.thatC.howD.ifHeaskedmeif_.thetrainwilllateB.thetrainalwaysarrivedlateC.thetrainarrivesontimeD.thetrainstopshereItissaidinthebo

21、okthatThomasEdison(1847-1931)_theworldleadinginventorforsixtyyears.A.wouldbeB.hasbeenC.hadbeenD.was20.Sorrytohaveinterruptedyou.Pleasegoon.-WherewasI?-You_youdidntlikeyourfathersjob.A.hadsaidB.said C.weresayingD.hadbeensaying31.Heaskedme_IwouldgotoBeijingbyairthenextday.A.thatifB.ifC.thatwhetherD.ho

22、w32.Joyce,pleasedontopenthewindow.Pardon?I_openthewindow.A.tellyoudontB.tellyounottoC.toldyoudidntD.toldyounottoHe_theydidntstartearlytheywouldntcatchthefirstbus.A.saidthatifB.askedifC.askedwhetherD.saidthatwhether34.Heasked_fortheviolin.A.didIpayhowmuchB.IpaidhowmuchC.howmuchIpaidD.howmuchdidIpayTh

23、eteacheraskedus_somuchnoise.dontmakeB.notmakeC.notmakingD.nottomake36.Thedoctoraskedmewhat_withme.A.iswrongB.wrongisC.waswrongD.wrongwas37.Heaskedtheboywhere_.A.hismotherwasB.washismotherC.hismotherisD.ishismother38.Theysaidatlastthatthey_betterstartoutatonce.A.hadhadB.hadC.hadbeenD.wasTheteachersaidthatdoubt_thekeyofknowledge.A.wereB.areC.wasD.Is40.Theactorsaidhe_bornin1984.A.wasB.isC.beD.hadbeenDDCDC BCCDDDABBC CAADC.BDACDCABDA