so与such用法及区别全解.docx

1、so与such用法及区别全解so和such用法及区别全解 such和so两个单词意思相近，使用时很容易混淆。其实，这两个单词的用法并不相同，首先要注意的是，它们的词性不同；such为形容词，意为“这（那）样的；这（那）种；如此的”，主要修饰名词；如： No such thing has ever happened. I have never seen such a beautiful place before. 而so是副词，意为“这（那）么；这（那）样；如此地”，主要修饰形容词、副词和分词。如： Last time I saw him he was so fat! He was not so

2、 much angry as disappointed. 但是，such和so都可以用于名词词组。本文主要介绍一下它们在名词词组中的用法。 一、后接可数名词的单数形式 1、直接跟名词时，用such；如：However did you make such a mistake? I have never heard of such a thing. Why are you in such a hurry? 注意：当such前面有no时，必须省去不定冠词a(an)，因为no such本身已经包括了不定冠词，相当于not such a(an)；如： I have no such book. (= I

3、havent such a book.) 2、跟带有形容词的名词时，既可以用such，也可以用so，但应注意冠词位置的不同，如： I have never seen such a tall man. I have never seen so tall a man. He is not such a clever boy as his brother. He is not so clever a boy as his brother. 二、后接可数名词的复数形式或集合名词，无论有无修饰语都用such，如：Such things often happen in our daily life. Su

4、ch people are dangerous. Whales are such smart animals that they communicate with each other. He made such stupid mistakes that the teacher tore up the whole paper. 三、后接不可数名词，无论有无修饰语都用such，如： Did you ever see such weather? You cant drink such hot milk. She made such rapid progress that she soon bega

5、n to write articles in English. 四、当复数名词或集合名词之前有few，many；不可数名词之前有little，much修饰时，用so，如： so many people / so many students / so few days so much time / so much money / so little time等。 注意：上述词组中的so实际上修饰名词前的形容词。比较下列两句： I have met many such people in my life. I didnt expect to meet so many people there. 上

6、述两句中都有many，但却分别用了such和so，其位置不同，因此含义也不同。在中，many和such同时修饰后面的名词；而句中的so修饰的则是many。 五、当many、much、little、few单独作为名词使用时，用so；如： There are so few that I cant give you one. This is the girl I have told you so much about. So much for today. 六、such可以和all、some、other、another、one、no、many、any、few、several等词同时修饰一个名词，但它

7、的位置通常是放在这些词的后面，如： All such possibilities must be considered. I need some such cards. One such dictionary is enough for me.We have had several such Chinese paintings already. I hope never to meet with another such accident.一,so的常见用法 1.当so作副词,修饰形容词或副词时,表示程度,意为这么,那么.如: Don t be so silly. 别那么傻. He ran s

8、o fast. 他跑得那么快. 2.如果so后无形容词,则so不能与名词连用.如: I ve never seen so tall a child(=such a tall child). 我从未见过个儿那么高的小孩. 切不可以说He is so a child. 但是,so little,so much可与不可数名词连用,so few,so many可与复数名词连用.如: Tom ate so much food a meal. 汤姆一餐吃了那么多的食物. There re so few people in the hall. 大厅里的人很少. 3.Sothat 意为如此以至于,是一个常见句

9、型,也是中考常考的句型.如: Jane s leg was so painful that she couldn t move at all. 简的腿那么疼,以至于根本动不了. 该句型还可以转换成So + adj.+ a/an+名词结构.如: Mike is so clever a boy that all like him. 麦克这么聪明,大家都喜欢他. so that意为以便,为的是,引导目的状语从句(该目的状语通常用情态动词作谓语)如: They can help you to compare two different products so that you can buy the

10、one you really like. 他们能帮助你比较两种不同的产品,以便你能买到自己真正喜欢的. so that从句还可表示结果,意为因此, 如: His pen is missing,so that he hasn t done his homework. 他的笔不见了,因此他无法完成作业. 4.so与动词say,tell,think,believe,suppose等连用,可以替代一个意义完整的宾语从句.如: Is she a top student in her class Yes,I think so. 她是她们班最好的学生吗 是的,我想是这样. so与动词do连用,意为这样做,以

11、避免重复前面的有关内容.而if so意为如果是这样.如: He did so in order to help her. 他这样做是为了帮助她. Are you a student If so(=If you are ),may I have your name,please 你是学生吗 如果是,请问你叫什么名字 5.So + be/其他助动词/情态动词 + 主语是倒装结构,意为同样,也.这一结构在中考试卷中也经常出现.如: I usually go to bed at night. So do I. 我通常晚上睡觉. 我也是. 6.so作连词,表示结果,意为所以,因此.如: How do y

12、ou like this shirt It s beautiful and it fits me well,so (that) I 1ike it very much. 你喜欢这件衬衣吗 它既漂亮又很合身,因此我非常喜欢. 7.not so +adj./adv.(原级)+as是一个常见的比较级句型,也是中考常考的句型,意思是不如,不及.如: The man doesn t work so hard as me. 这个人工作不如我努力. 二,such的常见用法 1.such是限定词,常和名词连用,意为如此的,这样的.如: She is such a kind woman. 她是一个如此善良的女人

13、. Grandpa often told us such funny stories. 爷爷常给我们讲这么有趣的故事. Dont go out in such bad weather. 天气这么糟,不要1.so可以用作连词，表示“因此，所以”。例：I heard some noise outside, so I went out of the room to see why.so that作为连词词组，表示 “以便，为了”。例：The vase is put high on the table, so that it wont be broken.2.so可以用作形容词，表示“是这样的，是真的

14、”。例：The newspapers claim she killed him in self defence but that just isnt so.3.so可以用作副词，表示1)“如此，这么”结构为：so+adj./adv例：She was so tired that she fell asleep very fast.表示此意思时，还可以用：so+adj.+a/an+n.例：It is so good a movie that everyone who saw it praises it very much.2)“如此，如是”，用于表示已经提到的想法，建议或情况等例：“Will I

15、need my umbrella?”“I think so.”3)“也是，也一样”结构为so+助动词/情态动词/be动词+主语例：Tony takes exercise every day and so does his younger brother.注意否定句应把so改为neither/nor，结构为neither/nor+助动词/情态动词/be动词+主语例：Jenny has never been late for class.Neither/Nor her younger brother.4)“确实是这样”，表示对前面陈述事实的强调，结构为so+主语+助动词/情态动词/be动词例：To

16、ny works very hard at all the subjects.So he does.5)“似乎，那么”，表示惊讶、不同意或者嘲讽例：So you think youve got troubles?常见结构：and so on/and so forth：等等；so as to(do)：以便；so that+从句：以便例：We eat different vegetables， such as tomato，potato，celery，and so on.They got up early so as to catch the first bus.They got up so ea

17、rly that they could catch the first bus. 6)有时可与并列连词and连用，构成习语and so（相当于so）：He told me to do it and so I did it.他叫我那么做，所以我就做了。He worked hard and so he succeeded.他勤奋巩固走，所以他取得了成功。There was so much to eat and so few people to eat it.有这么多东西可吃，而吃的人又这么少。I forgot to post the letter, and so she never heard a

18、bout my divorce.我忘了寄那封信了，所以她一直不知道我离婚的事。4.不要按汉语意思将“因为所以”直译为“becauseso：误：Because he was ill, so he couldnt come. (去掉because或so中任意一个)so的用法： 副词adv.（表示程度）这样；如此地 wordthatonesayswhenonetellshowmuch,howbig,etc.somethingorsomeoneis Dontwalksofast. 别走得这样快。 ThebagissoheavythatIcantcarryit. 这个袋子太重了，我拿不动。 Itisno

19、tsogoodasIthought. 它没有我想的那么好。 ItwassocoldthatIworetwosweaters. 天气是那么冷，我穿了两件毛衣。 副词adv.非常；很 very Youaresokind. 你真好。 Whyareyousolate? 你为什么这样晚呢？ Iamsogladtoseeyou. 我看到你很高兴。 副词adv.这样；那样 inthisway。inthatway Holdyourpenso. 这样拿笔。 Dontshoutso! 不要这样大声喊叫！ Andsothemonthsandyearswentby. 就这样，一月月、一年年地过去了。 副词adv.也；

20、同样 also Carolisveryprettyandsoishersister. 卡罗尔很漂亮，她姐姐也很漂亮。 HelikesskatingandsodoI. 他喜欢滑冰，我也喜欢。 DickspeaksFrenchandsodoeshisbrother. 狄克讲法语，他弟弟也讲法语。 副词adv.（表示同意）是的 wordtoshowthatoneagrees Tomorrowisaholiday.Soitis. “明天是休假日。”“的确是。” 副词adv.因而；所以 therefore Iwasbusywithmystudiesandsodidnottakethejob. 我忙于学习

21、，所以没有接受那个工作。 连词conj.所以；结果是 forthisreason。forthatreason Speakclearly,sotheymayunderstandyou. 说得清楚一些，好让他们听懂你的话。 Ididntgotobeduntilelevenlastnight,soIgotuplate. 昨晚我十一时才睡觉，因此今天起床晚了。 Itwaslate,soIwenthome. 天晚了，所以我就回家了。 Theshopisclosed,soIcantbuythebread. 商店关门了，所以我不能买面包。 感叹词int.（感叹词）表示惊讶 (exclam.word)that

22、showsoneisalittlesurprised Soyouvecomebackagain! 你又回来了！ Sohereweareagain. 啊，我们又在这儿了。 Sowewilldowhatyouwant. 好！我们将照你希望的去做。 代词pron.这样；如此 thatwhichisasmentionedbefore Ihopeso. 我希望如此。 代词pron.或多或少；左右 (orso)moreorless Hemustbethirtyorso. 他一定有三十多岁了。 Sheworkedanhourorsoonherspellinglesson. 她用了一个小时左右的时间学习拼读课

23、。 代词pron.同样地 thesame IamagoodcitizenandIwillstayso. 我是个好公民，今后仍然是。 andsoon 诸如此类；等等 WestudyPolitics,Chinese,Englishandsoon. 我们学政治、中文、英文等等。such可以分为三种不同的词性。一、形容词的用法1.such做形容词，是最常见、也是最简单的用法，起到一种强调作用。 Shes got such talent. 她很有天赋。 Were having such a wonderful time. 我们过得很愉快。 Ive had such a shock.我大吃一惊。 Why

24、are you in such a hurry? 为什么你这么匆忙？2.注意上面的第二个例子，such a wonderful time。通常情况下，如果such与名词之间还带有形容词，这时不提倡使用such，因为会引起歧义。而要说so wonderful a time或者a time so wonderful。3.当句子末尾加上that引导从句，形成such.that结构时，表示因为前面提到的原因，引起了某种结果。 He speaks to me in such a way that I always feel he is insulting me. 他总是用那种方式跟我说话，总是使得我觉得

25、受到了侮辱。 It was such a boring speech (that) I fell asleep. 这是个乏味的演说，使得我睡着了。二、限定词的用法4.所谓“限定词”，指的是对名词的涵义加以限制的词。又分为后对应限定和前对应限定两种。5.前对应限定的such，指的是前面提到过的某一种类。 He noticed her necklace. Such jewels must have cost thousands, he thought. 他注意到了她的项链。这一定值几千元，他想。 This isnt the only story of crulty to children. Man

26、y such cases are reported every day. 这并非虐待儿童的唯一事件。每天都有许多类似案例被报道。6.后对应限定的such，指的是后面将要提到的某一种类。通常使用such . as/that .的结构。 Such a disaster as this had never happened to her before.以前她从未遇到过这样的灾难。 The knot was fastened in such a way that it was impossible to undo. 这个结打得很牢固，根本解不开。 Such advice as he was given

27、 proved almost worthless.他得到的那些建议，被证明毫无价值。 Hes not such a fool as he looks. 他并非看上去那样蠢。注意，规范的用法是，这时应避免使用such.that，而只使用such.as，方便与前面的第3点相区分。三、代词的用法7.such做代词的时候，也分为前指代和后指代两种。8.前指代的意思是，指代前面提到过的某个人或某件事。通常，这时指代的是前面整句话的涵义。 Cricket was boring. Such was her opinion befor meeting Ian. 板球很乏味。遇到Ian之前，她一直这么认为。 S

28、hes a competent manager and has always been regarder as such by her colleagues. 她是一个能干的经理。同事们一直这样看待她。9.后指代的意思是，指代后面提到的某个人或某件事。这时通常采用such as to do sth或such that的结构。 Such is the influence of TV that it can make a person famous overnight. 这就是电视的影响，它可以使人一夜成名。 The pain in her foot wasnt such as to stop her walking. 她脚上的痛，还没有到妨碍走路的地步。 The damage was such that it would cost too much to repair. 损害很严重，要用很多钱才能修好。四、词组 such as 和 as such10.such as可以连在一起，作为词组使用，意思是“比如、就像”，同like类似。 Wild flowers such as orchids and primroses are becoming rare. 像兰花和樱