非谓语动词Word格式.docx

1、 to have been doing 例如：1 I am sorry to hear the news.2. The new power station is reported to have been completed within three years.3. I would rather read than watch TV; the programs seem _ all the time.（ 97/1）A） to get worse B） to be getting worse C） to have got worse D） getting worse （B）4.1.1动词不定式

2、做主语也位于句首， 也可用it 做形式主语。It is difficult to solve such a complicated problem for the time being.To solve such a complicated problem is difficult for the time being.4.1.2动词不定式做宾语1） 后面只能直接加动词不定式做宾语的动词 afford aim appear agreearrange askbe decidebothercarechoose come daredemanddesiredetermineexpect electen

3、deavorhopefail happen helphesitatelearn longmeanmanageofferoughtplan prepare pretendpromiserefuseseem seek tend threaten wait wishwant undertakeEg:The driver failed to see the other car in time.I happen to know the answer to your question.2）动词+不定式 ；动词+宾语+不定式ask, beg, choose, expect , hate, help inte

4、nd like, love, need prefer, prepare, promise, want, wishI like to keep everything tidy.我喜欢每件东西都保持整洁。I like you to keep everything tidy.我喜欢你使每件东西都保持整洁。I want to speak to Tom. 我想和汤姆谈话。I want you to speak to Tom. 我想让你和汤姆谈话。3） 动词+疑问词+ to decide, know, consider, forget, learn, remember, show, understand,

5、 see, wonder, hear, find out, explain, tellPlease show us how to do that. 请演示给我们如何去做。There are so many kinds of tape-recorders on sale that I cant make up my mind which to buy.有这么多的录音机，我都拿不定主意买哪一种。注意:疑问词带不定式在句中作成分时，谓语动词用单数。The question is how to put it into practice. 问题是怎样把它付诸实施。4）某些动词后可加动词不定式也可以加动名

6、词做宾语, 两者可以替换。如：attempt bear begin bother cease commence continue endure fear hate intend like love neglect omit prefer promise start The old couple intend moving / to move to the countryside.4.1.3动词不定式做介词宾语动词不定式做介词宾语主要见于作 except , but 的宾语。 如果句中的except 或but 之前有实义动词do 的任何形式，except 或but 之后加上V原， 否则它的后面加

7、上带有to 的动词不定式。1. There was so serious a matter that I had no choice but _ the police. （99/1）A） called in B） calling in C） call in D） to call in （D）2. I felt so embarrassed that I couldnt do anything but _ there when I first met my present boss. （05/6）A）to sit B） sitting C） sat D） sit （D）4.1.4动词不定式做表语

8、不定式可放在be动词后面，形成表语。Your present task is to learn English well.4.1.5动词不定式做定语不定式做定语通常要放在被修饰的词后。I have a lot of work to do.1. Because of the reduction of air pollution, this city now is a good place _ （03/6）A）where to live B） which to live C） to live in D） to be lived 4.1.6动词不定式做状语1）目的状语To only to （仅仅为了

9、）,in order to,so as to,so（such） as to （如此以便）He ran so fast as to catch the first bus. _ a teacher in a university, it is necessary to have at least a masters degree.（ 95/1）A） TO become B） Become C） On become D） On becoming （A） 2）作结果状语，表事先没有预料到的，要放在句子后面。What have I said to make you angry.He searched

10、the room only to find nothing.I got to the station, only （find） _that the train has pulling out.（to find）3）表原因Im glad to see you.4） 表方式: as if / as though + to do He stood up as if to leave.4.1.7动词不定式做宾语补足语 既是 以下动词人to do 1） 表示思维活动的动词。 如：accept acknowledge admit affirm assume believe consider deem di

11、scover find suppose think等。2）表示请求， 建议， 要求， 允许， 命令， 意愿， 爱憎等动词， 如： advice , allow, ask , beg, command, direct, dislike , expect, intend , invite, like, love, order, permit, persuade , prefer, request, reach , tell .,want, warn ,wish 等。We formally invited the General Manager of the Panda group （attend）

12、 _our opening ceremony. （01/12） （to attend ）3） 某些使役动词,如：cause, compel, drive, enable, enforce, get, lead,oblige 等。 I am going to get my friend （drive） _ me to the airport. （99/6） （ to drive） She gave up her job as a nurse because she found the children too difficult _ 。（02/6）A） look after B） to look

13、 after C） looking after D） be looked after （B）4.1.8动词不定式做形容词补语不定式在某些形容词之后可以表示原因， 或表示句子的主语与不定式之间存在着逻辑上的动宾关系。He was very sorry _ her at the airport. （02/6）A） not to meet B） to not meet C） to have not met D） not to have met 4.1.9动词不定式做独立结构常见作为插入语的不定式短语有： to be brief （简言之）， to be exact （确切地说） ， to be fr

14、ank （ 坦率地说） ， to be sure （肯定地说） to begin with （ 首先） to conclude （ 最后） ， to sum up （ 概括地说） to tell the truth （ 说实话）动词不定式的时态：动词不定式一般时：表示动作和句中谓语动词的动作同时发生或之后发生。I helped him put the things into the car. 我帮助他把东西放进了汽车。I want to see you again. 我想再见到你。Would you like to have a rest. 你愿意休息一下吗？动词不定式完成时： 表示动作在句中

15、谓语动词的动作之前发生。to have doneWe are sorry to have kept you waiting so long. 对不起，我们让你久等了。They seems to have known the answers. 他们好像知道了答案。动词不定式进行时：表示动作同句中谓语动词的动作同时发生，强调动作正在进行。（to be doing）They seem to be working hard. 他们好像在努力工作。4.1.10动词不定式的语态1）它的逻辑主语若是它动作的执行者， 用主动式 （ to do）若是不定式动作的承受者， 用动词不定式的被动式（ to be do

16、ne）The project, to be accomplished by the end of 2006, will expand the citys telephone network to cove 10000000 users.2） 在 “ 表语 不定式” 的结构中， 常用动词不定式的主动式表被动。The story is interesting to listen to.二 动名词原形：V-ing 否定形式：Not V-ing 可以做主语， 宾语， 定语和表语。还有时态和语态的变化。语态 时态 主动被动一般式doing being done完成式having donehaving b

17、een doneThe boy was afraid of （leave） _ alone in the room at night. （ 00/6） （being left）4.2.1 动名词作主语作主语时， 可位于句首， 也可用it 作形式主语， 把真正的主语（动名词）放在后面。It was not worth the effort doing the job.4.2.2动名词作宾语1）. 动词后加动名词doing作宾语 V. + doing sthadmit 承认appreciate 感激,赞赏avoid 避免complete 完成consider 认为 delay 耽误deny 否认d

18、etest 讨厌endure 忍受enjoy 喜欢 escape 逃脱 prevent阻止fancy 想象 finish 完成 Imagine 想象mind 介意 miss 想念postpone 推迟 practice 训练 recall 回忆resent 讨厌resist 抵抗resume 继续 risk 冒险 suggest 建议face 面对 include 包括stand 忍受understand 理解 forgive 宽恕 keep 继续举例：（1）Would you mind turning down your radio a little, please?（2）The squir

19、rel was lucky that it just missed being caught.2）. 词组后接doing admit toprefertobe used to lead todevote oneself toobject tostick tobe busy look forward to（to为介词）no good,no use,Its worth, as well as, cant help,Its no use /good be tired of be fond of be capable of be afraid of be proud of think of / abo

20、ut hold offput off keep on insist oncount on / upon set about be successful in good attake upgive upburst outprevent from动名词的时态：动名词的一般时表示动作与句中谓语动词的动作同时发生，或在谓语动词的动作之后发生。I enjoy swimming in the big river. 我喜欢在大河里游泳。I am used to watching TV in the evening. 我习惯于晚上看电视。 动名词的完成时表示动作在谓语动词动作之前发生。Having been

21、doneShe regret not having studied the computer hard. 她后悔没有努力学习计算机。Do you remember having promised me that?你记得给我许愿了吗？动词后面跟动名词还是不定式，含义不相同，总的来说，表示习惯的， 一般性的动作多跟动名词（表过去，正在进行），一次性的具体的动作多跟不定式（表将来,目的）。I like to go with you. 我想和你一块儿去。 I like reading. 我喜欢阅读。He promised to help her.他答应过要帮助她。We love watching VC

22、D. 我们喜欢看VCD。3） 以下动词不定式和动名词所表示的意思不同。 stop to do停止，中断做某事后去做另一件事。stop doing停止做某事。They stop to smoke a cigarette. 他们停下来，抽了根烟。I must stop smoking. 我必须戒烟了。 forget to do忘记要去做某事。（未做）forget doing忘记做过某事。（已做） - The light in the office is still on.- Oh，I forgot_. A. turning it off B. turn it offC. to turn it of

23、f D. having turned it off remember to do 记得去做某事 （未做）remember doing记得做过某事 （已做）Remember to go to the post office after school.记着放学后去趟邮局。Dont you remember seeing the man before?你不记得以前见过那个人吗?regret to do 对要做的事遗憾。（未做）regret doing 对做过的事遗憾、后悔。（已做）-You were brave enough to raise objections at the meeting. -

24、Well, now I regret _ that. A. to do B. to be doing C. to have done D. having done （D） try to do努力，企图做某事。try doing 试验，试着做某事。You must try to be more careful.你可要多加小心。 I tried gardening but didnt succeed. 我试着种果木花卉，但未成功。go on to do做了一件事后，接着做另一件事。go on doing 继续做原来做的事。 After he had finished his math，he wen

25、t on to do his physics. 做完数学后，他接着去做物理。 Go on doing the other exercise after you have finished this one. 作完这个练习后，接着做其他的练习 mean to do 打算做某事mean doing 表明意味着There is a man at the door who seems very angry and I think he means to make trouble.动词want, need , require的用法 sb want/need /require to do sth.Sth

26、want/need /require doing （sth ） （主动表被动） Sth want/need /require to be done Your hair wants cutting. You had better have it done tomorrow.4.2.3动名词作表语（ 位于be 动词后面）Her job is washing，cleaning and taking care of the children.4.2.4动名词作定语, 位于所修饰名词之前， 表目的， 用途或场合。boiling water writing papera studying plan bui

27、lding material 动名词和分词的区别：动名词作定语时，动名词（表用途，说明）和它所修饰的词没有逻辑上的主谓关系，而分词（表动作）作定语时， 分词和它所修饰的词有逻辑上的主谓关系。a swimming girl 游泳的女孩a swimming pool 游泳的池子 reading text 阅读课文 动名词 developing country 发展中国家 分词 a sleeping bag 睡袋 动名词三 分词现在分词（V-ing ）表示主动， 进行过去分词（V-ed） 表示被动， 动作已完成4.3.1分词做表语V-ing： 表示“令人。”修饰物V-ed： 表示“感到。”修饰人Th

28、e teacher said his work was satisfying, but there was still room for improvement.He is excited because he has won the prize.4.3.2分词做定语作定语的分词要放在被修饰的名词之前，如果是分词词组则放在被修饰的名词之后， 如被修饰的名词是 something, anything, everything, nothing 等，分词放在被修饰名词的后面。The working people have played a great role in the activity. 工人在这次活动中起主要作用。The boy hurt by the car was sent to the hospital immediat