初中语法专题讲解及练习被动语态有答案.docx

1、被动语态学习内容一、基本概念语态是动词的一种形式，它表示主语和谓语的关系。语态有两种：主动语态和被动语态。如果主语是动作的执行者，要用主动语态；如果主语是动作的承受者，则用被动语态。二、基本分类（使用被动语态的情况）不知道：Some new computers were stolen last night. 一些新电脑在昨晚被盗了。没必要：Eight hours per day for sleep must be guaranteed. 每天8小时睡眠必须得到保证。 需强调：Chinese is spoken by more and more people in the world.世界上越来

2、越多的人说汉语。过去分词表被动，是被动语态的标志。被动被动be在动：反映时态变化三、用法详解 1、构成：be+动词过去分词 be + done am/is/arewas/were am/is/are + being done was/were + being will/be going to + be have/has /had + been can/must/may/need be to be时态主动语态被动语态例句主动语态被动语态一般现在时do/ doesam/is/are doneWe clean the classroom.The classroom is cleaned by us.

3、一般过去时didwas/were doneHe made the kite.The kite was made by him.一般将来时will/shall/be going to dowill/shall/be going to be doneThey will plat trees tomorrow.Trees will be planted by them tomorrow.现在完成时have/has donehave/has been doneJim has finished the work.The work has been finished by Jim.情态动词can/may/

4、must docan/may/must be doneIcan find him.He can be found by me.2、解题步骤1）第一步： 判断正确的被动结构：be + done 2）第二步： 根据时间状语判断时态，选出正确答案。【小试牛刀】1. Today, computers are really helpful. They _ everywhere.A. useB. are used C. used D. were used2. Many accidents _ by careless drivers last years. A. are caused B. were cau

5、sed C. have caused D. will cause3. The road _ last year. A. buildsB. built C. was built D. is built答案：BBC3、五项注意1）不及物动词无被动语态：无宾语何来被动 What will happen in 100 years. The dinosaurs disappeared about 65 million years ago.2）变被动还原to：四看三使两听一感觉 A girl saw my wallet drop when she passed by. My wallet was seen

6、 to drop by a girl when she passed by. The boss made the little boy do heavy work. The little boy was made to do heavy work by the boss.3）双宾变被动：直宾（物）作主语需加介词He gave me a book. A book was given to me by him. My father bought me a new bike. A new bike was bought for me by my father.4）短语是整体：勿忘介词或副词We ca

7、nt laugh at him. He cant be laughed at by us. He listens to the radio every day. The radio is listened to by him every day.5）复合宾语变被动：宾语变主语，宾补成主补 I heard Jane playing the piano in her room. Jane was heard playing the piano in her room.4、主动表被动1）need, want, require（要求，需要）/ deserve(应得，值得), be worth值得）Th

8、e book is worth reading. 这本书值得一读。 The old building requires repairing. 这座古建筑需要修了。 These young seedlings will require/need looking after 这些幼苗将需要小心的照管。 Your hair wants/needs cutting (needs to be cut).你的头发该剪了。2）感官系动词：look, sound, taste, feel, smellUniforms look ugly on us. 我们穿着制服很难看。Moon cakes taste de

9、licious. 月饼尝起来很好吃。3）sell, wash, write, read, clean, cook, break, catch, drive, lock, open等词作不及物动词时，主语为物。它们被用来描述主语特征，通常与well, easily等副词连用。This kind of pen writes very smoothly. 这种钢笔写起来很流畅。This kind of skirt sells well here. 这种样式的衬衫在这卖得很好。This kind of cloth washes well.这种布料很容易清洗。综合题库1. The mountain _

10、with snow all year round, so its hard to climb it. A. coveredB. was coveredC. is coveredD. covers2. Look! We cant cross the bridge. It _by some workers.A. repairs B. is repaired C. is being repaired D. is repairing3. Waste paper _ everywhere. Its our duty to keep the school clean.A. throws B. are th

11、rown C. shouldnt be thrown D. should be thrown4.The boss made him work 14 hours a day. That means, he _ work 14 hours a day.A. was made B. made C. was making D. was made to5.Have you finished your fashion design? Not yet. Ill finish it if I _ ten more minutes. A. am given B. give C. will give D. wil

12、l be given6.The sick girl _ to hospital by her mother yesterday.A. is takenB. takesC. tookD. was taken7.Many accidents _by careless drivers last year. A. are caused B. were caused C. have caused D. will cause8.Driving after drinking wine _in China.A. allows B. doesnt allow C. is allowed D. isnt allo

13、wed9. Soft drinks_ to children for free in some restaurants on Childrens Day. A.offer B. have offered C. are offered D. will be offered10. In many places in China, the old over 90 not only by their family but also by the government.A. is taking good care B. are taken good care of C. is taking good c

14、are of D. are taken good care11. -Did you go to Jims birthday party？ -No, I _. A. havent invited B. didnt invite C. am not invited D. wasnt invited12. At last the boy was made and began to laugh. A. stop crying B. to stop to cry C. to stop crying D. stop to cry13. Do you know Lucys grandma? Of cours

15、e. She is a kind woman, but she has _for about a month since she in the accident.A. been dead; was killed B. died; was killed C. been dead; killed D. died; killed14.Today a lot of information can _ online. A. receive B. be received C. is received D. receiving15He likes reading very muchMost of his m

16、oney _on books Ais spent Bspend Cspends Dare spent16. When should I hand in my paper? Your paper must_as soon as the bell_ .A. hand in; ringsB. hand in; will ring C. be handed in; will ring D. be handed in rings17. In the past the children were made _15 hours a day. A. worked B. work C. to work D. w

17、orking18. China has offered much help to Japan since it _ by the earthquake and tsunami（海啸）A. hits B. is hit C. was hit D. will be hit19. How often do I need to feed the bird? They _food every day, or they will be hungry. A. must give B. mustnt give C. must be given D. mustnt be give20.As everyone knows, rubbish _ everywhere. A. need be thrown B. mustnt be thrown C. cant throw D. may throw答案：1-5 CCCDA 5-10 DBDCB 11-15 DCABA 16-20 DCCCB5 / 5