浙江专用高考英语二轮复习专题四语法填空教案Word文档下载推荐.docx

1、12018.11咖啡因对人类健康的影响2018.6议论文享受做饭的乐趣2017.11积累词汇的方法2017.6记叙文失而复得的戒指考纲解读语法填空旨在通过语篇测试考生的英语语言知识与技能，将语法考查提高到语篇层次，在完整、真实、综合的语境中多角度考查考生运用语法知识理解篇章的能力。语法填空考查形式分为有提示词（6至7个）和无提示词（3至4个）两种形式。有提示词多考查实词（名词、动词、形容词、副词）的词性转换和基本用法，如动词的时态、语态、非谓语动词、主谓一致；名词的数；形容词和副词的比较等级等。无提示词多考查虚词的用法，主要考查介词、冠词和连词等。命题趋势1该题型以后会更加突出语篇，强调运用。

2、因此，我们要及时转变观念，关注语法在语篇中的交际使用情况，将学习英语的关注点转移到语言的实际运用上来。2同时，还要加强语篇逻辑分析能力和精细阅读能力的培养，继续重视语言运用的准确性。3语法和词汇知识是综合运用语言能力的基础，要与真实的交际场景和语篇运用紧密结合。技巧一有提示词类一、提示词是动词提示词为动词时，通常考查谓语动词和非谓语动词的形式。考查谓语动词若句子中没有谓语，或者有并列连词连接两个谓语，则需要填谓语动词形式，此时考生应根据语境判断动词的时态、语态，以及谓语动词与主语保持单复数一致。典例1（2019全国卷）In recent years some Inuit people in N

3、unavut 65._（report） increases in bear sightings around human settlements, leading to a 66.belief（believe） that populations are increasing.解析have reported考查时态和主谓一致。句中的时间状语In recent years多与现在完成时连用，主语some Inuit people为复数意义，故本空填have reported。典例2（2019全国卷）Of 69.the nineteen recognized polar bear subpopula

4、tions, three are declining, six 70._（be） stable, one is increasing, and nine lack enough data.解析are考查时态和主谓一致。本句其他谓语用了一般现在时，本句的主语six表示复数意义，故本空应填谓语动词are。考查非谓语动词若句子中已经有了谓语动词，且此空不作并列谓语，则需要填非谓语动词形式。非谓语动词包括动名词、现在分词、过去分词和不定式。此时考生应判断非谓语动词在句中作什么成分，非谓语动词和逻辑主语之间存在主动还是被动关系，以及非谓语动词和谓语动词的时间先后顺序，从而确定所填动词的适当形式。（1）作

5、主语或宾语，通常用v.ing形式表示习惯或一般情况，用不定式表示具体情况。典例3（2019全国卷）Scientists have responded by 67._（note） that hungry bears may be congregating（聚集） around human settlements, leading to the illusion（错觉） that populations are 68.higher（high） than they actually are.解析noting考查非谓语动词。在介词by后，应用动名词作宾语，故本空填noting。典例4（2018全国卷）

6、The noise shakes the trees as the male beats his chest and charges toward me. I quickly lower myself，ducking my head to avoid 64._ （look） directly into his eyes so he doesnt feel 65.challenged（challenge）解析looking考查非谓语动词。avoid后常接动名词作宾语，故本空填looking。（2）作目的状语或形容词后作状语一般用动词不定式。典例5（2019全国卷）Modern methods 6

7、3.of tracking polar bear populations have been employed only since the mid1980s, and are expensive 64._（perform） consistently over a large area.解析to perform考查非谓语动词。本句含有“sth.beadj.不定式”结构，主语通常是不定式动作的承受者，不定式用主动形式表示被动含义。句意：自20世纪80年代中期以来，人们就在使用现代的方法来跟踪北极熊的种群数量，这些方法在很大范围内连续执行起来非常昂贵。典例6（2018全国卷）You dont ha

8、ve to run fast or for long 62._（see） the benefit.解析to see考查非谓语动词。本句有谓语，因此空处应用非谓语动词；分析句子结构及句意可知，此本空应用动词不定式to see作目的状语。（3）作伴随状语时，通常用分词形式，若与逻辑主语之间是主动关系， 用现在分词；若是被动关系， 用过去分词。典例7（2019全国卷）On the last day of our weeklong stay, we 49.were_invited（invite） to attend a private concert on a beautiful farm on th

9、e North Shore under the stars, 50._ （listen） to musicians and meeting interesting locals.解析listening考查非谓语动词。listen与其逻辑主语之间是主谓关系，应用现在分词作伴随状语，故本空填listening。典例8（全国卷）People probably cooked their food in large pots，44._（use） twigs（树枝） to remove it.解析using考查非谓语动词。句中已有谓语动词cooked，故空处应为非谓语动词；又因主语people与use之间

10、存在逻辑上的主动关系，应用现在分词形式作伴随状语，故本空填using。（4）动词的词性转换主要是转换为名词作主语、宾语，或转换为形容词作表语和定语。典例9（2019浙江卷6月）Other American studies showed no 64._（connect） between uniforms and school performance.解析connection/connections考查词性转换。根据no可知，要用connect的名词形式，connection表示“联系，关联”，为可数名词，故本空填connection/connections。典例10（2019全国卷）When t

11、hey were free from work, they invited us to local events and let us know of an interesting 46._（compete） to watch, together with the story behind it.解析competition考查词性转换。根据空前的不定冠词an可知，此处应填名词单数形式，表示一个有趣的比赛，故本空填competition。典例11（2018全国卷）This switch has decreased 66._（pollute） in the countrys major lakes

12、 and reservoirs and made drinking water safer for people.解析pollution考查词性转换。此处应填pollute的名词形式pollution作宾语。二、提示词是名词提示词为名词时，通常考查名词复数、名词所有格，名词与形容词、名词与副词之间的转换。词性的选择取决于文章的语境和语法规则。考查名词复数典例12（2018全国卷）Two of the authors of the review also made a study published in 2014 66.which/that showed a mere five to 10 m

13、inutes a day of running reduced the risk of heart disease and early deaths from all 67._（cause）解析causes考查名词复数。此处cause是可数名词，意为“原因”，句中的all表示“所有”，后应用可数名词的复数形式，故本空填causes。典例13（2017全国卷）This trend, which was started by the medical community（医学界） 61.as a method of fighting heart disease, has had some unint

14、ended side 62._（effect） such as overweight and heart diseasethe very thing the medical community was trying to fight.解析effects考查名词复数。这种趋势产生了一些意想不到的副作用。根据空前的“some”及空后的“such as overweight and heart disease”可知，此处指不止一种副作用，故本空填名词复数形式effects。考查名词与形容词的转换典例14（2019全国卷）They also shared with us many 47._（tradi

15、tion） stories about Hawaii that were 48.hugely （huge） popular with tourists.解析traditional考查词性转换。修饰名词stories应用形容词，故本空填traditional。典例15（2017全国卷）Having enough fat and salt in your meals will reduce the urge to snack（吃点心） between meals and will improve the taste of your food.However, be 69._ （care） not

16、to go to extremes.解析careful考查词性转换。此处为形容词作表语，故填careful“当心的”构成系表结构。三、提示词是形容词或副词考查形容词与副词的相互转换典例16（2019全国卷）It is difficult to figure out a global population of polar bears as much of the range has been 62._（poor） studied; however, biologists calculate that there are about 20，00025，000 polar bears worldw

17、ide.解析poorly考查副词。此处应用副词poorly“不好地”修饰动词studied。典例17（2018全国卷）A taste for meat is 63._（actual） behind the change: An important part of its corn is used to feed chickens, pigs, and cattle.解析actually考查副词。此处需填副词来修饰整个句子。 考查比较等级做题时， 要注意比较级的提示词（如than）和可以修饰比较级或最高级的一些词（如much, even, still, by far, a little, eve

18、r等）。典例18（2018全国卷）According to a review of evidence in a medical journal, runners live three years 61._（long） than nonrunners.解析longer考查副词的比较级。句中有than，故填long的比较级longer。典例19（2018全国卷）He screams the 63._ （loud） of all. The noise shakes the trees as the male beats his chest and charges toward me.解析loudes

19、t考查副词的最高级。根据语境和空后的of all可知，空处应填副词的最高级。典例20（2017全国卷）Even 66._ （bad）, the amount of fast food that people eat goes up. 解析worse考查形容词的比较级。短语even worse意为“更糟糕的是”，表示意义的递进。故填worse。技巧二无提示词类无提示词试题主要是考查冠词、介词、代词、连接词（含并列连词和从属连词）等虚词。考生在解答此类题时，首先应认真阅读全文，了解文章大意。其次，分析空白处所在句子的基本结构，判断出空白处在句中充当什么成分，从而确定词性。考查冠词冠词只有三个（a,

20、 an, the），如果是单数可数名词前面设空，那么很有可能是填不定冠词。如果是在形容词、副词最高级形式前面设空，那么很有可能填定冠词。浙江卷6月）When every pupil in the school wears the uniform, nobody 56.has/will_have（have） to worry about fashion（时尚）. Everybody wears 57._ same style of clothes. Uniforms can be useful in unexpected ways.解析the考查冠词。根据语境和same可知，此处用the表示特指

21、，表示“同样款式的衣服”。典例2（2017全国卷）Instead, she is earning 6，500 a day as 42._ model in New York.解析a考查冠词。该空后面model是可数名词单数，此处表示“作为一名模特”，故填a。考查介词介词的考查通常是指对介词短语和动词短语的考查，有时候也可能是考查形容词、动词的常用搭配，如be absorbed in，be curious about, be engaged in, pay attention to等。这就要求考生备考过程中熟记常用短语搭配，考试时才能胸有成竹。浙江卷6月）But can uniforms hel

22、p improve school standards? The answer 61._ this question is not clear.解析to考查介词。the answer to the question为固定用法，表示“问题的答案”，故用填词to。浙江卷6月）If you are not going to suffer this problem，then I suggest that the next time you go to your mums home 65._ dinner, get a few cooking tips from her.解析for考查介词。根据语境可知，

23、此处应用介词for表示“目的”。考查代词代词分为不定代词、复合代词、反身代词、指示代词和it。代词的选择取决于代词在句中所作的成分以及所代指的人或物。如果句中缺主语，则填代词的主格形式；如果句中缺宾语，则填代词的宾格形式；如果句中缺形式主语或形式宾语，则填it；如果句中主语和宾语相同，则填反身代词。典例5（2018浙江卷6月）Many westerners 57.who come to China cook much less than in their own countries once they realize how cheap 58._ can be to eat out.解析it考

24、查代词。此处应用it作形式主语，真正的主语是to eat out。考查连词连词分为并列连词和从属连词。常用的连词有and，but，so，or等。若在两个完整的句子之间设空，或两个谓语之间设空，通常填连词。典例6（全国卷）In much of Asia, especially the socalled “rice bowl”cultures of China, Japan, Korea, 41._ Vietnam, food is usually eaten with chopsticks.解析and考查并列连词。分析句子结构及语境可知，Vietnam与空前的“China, Japan, Kor

25、ea”之间是并列关系，故填并列连词and。典例7（全国卷）But the river wasnt changed in a few days 64._ even a few months.解析or考查并列连词。但是河流不是几天或几个月就改变了的。a few days和a few months为并列关系，且此句是否定句，因此要用or连接。考查从句引导词（一）考查定语从句的引导词定语从句的引导词取决于定语从句中缺少何种成分和先行词。定语从句关系词的选择从句中缺少成分先行词关系词从句中缺少主语指物that/which指人that/who从句中缺少宾语that/who/whom从句中缺少定语指人/物w

26、hose从句中缺少状语指地点指时间指原因wherewhenwhy整个主句which/as典例8（2019全国卷）They were well trained by their masters 44._ had great experience with caring for these animals. Our hosts shared many of their experiences and 45.recommended（recommend） wonderful places to eat, shop, and visit.解析who考查定语从句的引导词。先行词是their masters

27、且关系代词在从句中作主语，故填who。浙江卷6月）A school in Ireland has introduced an interesting new uniform. On the edge of the jacket, there is a piece of cloth 58._ gives off light in the dark.解析that/which考查定语从句的引导词。分析句子结构可知，空处引导定语从句，先行词为a piece of cloth，且定语从句中缺少主语，故填关系代词that/which。（二）考查状语从句的引导词状语从句的引导词通常有when, while,

28、 although, because, if等。这些引导词的选择取决于句子想表达的意思或者主从句之间的关系。有时候也会考查一些固定用法，如be doing.when., so.that., hardly. when.等。典例10（全国卷）Over time，45._ the population grew, people began cutting food into small pieces so it would cook more quickly.解析as/when考查状语从句的引导词。慢慢地，随着人口的增长/当人口增长时，为了使食物热得更快，人们开始把食物切成小块。根据句意和句子结构可知，空处引导状语从句，表示“随着，当时”，故填as/when。（三）考查名词性从句的引导词名词性从句的引导词通常取决于句子想表达的意思，如从句中任何成分都不缺乏，不需要表达额外的意义，则一定是填that，因为that只起连词的作用，不作任何成分，不含任何意义。典例11（2019全国卷）The polar bear is found in the Arctic Circl