1、另外, still 和 already 还可位于句末,表示惊奇:Are you on page one still? 你还在看第 1 页?Is your mother back already? 你妈妈就已经回来了?二、地点副词1.常见的地点副词常见的地点副词有 here, there, up, down, away, nearby, home, ahead, abroad,indoors, overseas, halfway, upstairs, downstairs等 。2.地点副词在句中的位置 地点副词在句中通常位于句末或句首,但从不位于主语和谓语之间。 若有多个副词排列, 地点副词通常
2、位于方式副词之后, 时间副词之前: Can you help to carry this table upstairs? 你能帮忙把桌子搬到楼上去 吗?The boy read quietly over there all afternoon. 这男孩整个下午都在那 儿静静地看书。三、方式副词1.方式副词的特点方式副词表示动词的行为方式, 许多以 -ly结构的副词都是方式副词, 如 carefully, happily, quietly, heavily, warmly, correctly, politely, angrily等。2.方式副词在句中的位置(1) 方式副词通常位于动词 (及其宾
3、语 )之后:He read the letter slowly. 他从容不迫地看了那封信。 方式副词通常不位于动词与宾语之间,除非动词后的宾语很长: 不可说: We like very much it. (应改为 We like it very much.)2/ 10但可说:We could see very clearly a strange light ahead of us.我 们可以 很清楚地看到在我们前方有一道奇怪的光。若遇到“动词 +介词 +宾语”结构,方式副词既可位于“介词 +宾语” 之前,也可位于“介词 +宾语”之后,但是若该结构的宾语较长,则 方式副词通常位于“介词 +宾语”
4、之前:He looked at me curiously. / He looked curiously at me. 他好奇 地打量 着我。He looked curiously at everyone who got off the plane. 他好奇 地打量 着从飞机上走下来的每一个人。(2) 方式副词 (主要是单个的方式副词 )有时也可位于主语与动词之间: He quickly got dressed. 他赶紧穿好衣服。He angrily tore up the letter. 他很生气,把信撕碎了。(3)有的方式副词 (如 bravely, cleverly, cruelly, f
5、oolishly, generously, kindly,secretly, simply 等 )位于动词之前和位于句末会导致句子意思的变化: They secretly decided to leave the town. 他们秘密决定离开这个城市。 They decided to leave the town secretly. 他们决定秘密地离开这个城 市。He answered the questions foolishly. 他对这个问题作了愚蠢的回答。 He foolishly answered the questions. 他愚蠢地回答了这个问题。(4)有的方式副词 (如 gen
6、tly, quietly, slowly, suddenly 等)有时可位于句 首,以达到某种戏剧性的效果 (这主要见于书面语中 ):Suddenly, the driver started the engine. 突然地,司机启动了发动机。四、频度副词1. 频度副词的特点3/ 10频度副词表示动作发生的次数,常见有的 ever, never, rarely, seldom, once,often, occasionally, constantly, frequently, usually, continually, always等 。 2. 频度副词在句中的位置频度副词通常位于实意动词之前,
7、 动词 be、助动词、情态动词之后: He is seldom late for school. 他上学很少迟到。有时为了强调,频度副词也可位于动词 be、助动词等之前:She always was late. 她老是迟到。 有的频度副词可位于句末 (尤其受 very, only修饰时 ): I get paid on Fridays usually.我 通常在星期五领工资。 We go out very seldom. 我们很少外出。Do you go to the cinema very often? 你常去看电影吗 ?有的频度副词 (如 sometimes, often, usually
8、, frequently, occasionally等 ) 可位于句首 (此时多半是因为强调或对比 ):Sometimes he went there by bus. 有时他坐公共汽车去那儿。Very often the phone rings when Im in the bath. 电话经常在我洗澡时 响。【注】含有否定意义的频度副词置于句首时,其后要用倒装语序: Never have I been there. 我从未去过那儿。 Seldom does he see a film. 他很少看电影。另外,频度副词 always 和 never 通常不位于句首,除非是祈使句: Always
9、remember this. 时刻记住这一点。Never go out at night. 晚上千万不要出去。4/ 103.频度副词在否定句中的位置 在否定句中,有的频度副词可位于否定词 not 之后或之前 (如 usually, often) ,有的频度副词则必须位于否定词之后 (如 always, constantly, continually, continuously,均含有“连续不断”之意 ),而有的频度副词却必须要 位于否定词 not 之前 (如 sometimes, frequently):He is sometimes not responsible for what he d
10、oes. 他有时对所做的事 不负责任。五、程度副词1. 程度副词的特点 程度副词用于表示程度,常见的有 fairly, pretty, rather, quite, very, much, too,greatly, almost, nearly, half, highly, awfully, deeply, partly, perfectly, really 等。2. 程度副词的用法注意点(1)程度副词主要用于修饰形容词和副词,有的还可修饰比较级 (如much,rather 等)和最高级 (如 quite, much, almost 等):Houses are much more expens
11、ive these days.如 今的房价贵多了。 This is quite much the most expensive radio here. 这是这里最贵的收 音机。【注】 quite 有时也修饰比较级,但只用于 quite better( 身体康复 )这 一表达。(2)有的程度副词 (如 quite, rather, almost 等 )可修饰动词,但有的 (如 fairly, pretty, very 等)则不能修饰动词:I quite agree with you. 我完全同意你的意见。 ( 不用 fairly, pretty, very) We rather like the
12、 film. 我们很喜欢这部电影。 (不用 fairly, pretty, very)(3) 个别的程度副词 (主要是 quite 和 rather)还可修饰名词 (注意词序 ):5/ 10Its quite rather a good idea. / Its a quite rather good idea. 那可真是 个好主意。若此结构中没有形容词,则 quite 和 rather 则只能放在冠词之前:It was quite rather a success. 那事相当成功。六、连接副词1. 连接副词的分类 连接副词可分为两类,一类是用于连接句子或从句,常见的有 therefore,be
13、sides, otherwise, however, moreover, still, thus, meanwhile等;另一 类是用于引导从句或不定式,主要的有 when, why, where, how 等。2. 连接句子或从句的连接副词 其性质类似于并列连词, 使用时其前通常用分号或句号; 若其前用逗 号,则通常带有并列连词 (如 and):I dont like it; besides, its too expensive. 我不喜欢它,而且也太贵了。 We all tried our best; however, we lost the game. / We all tried ou
14、r best. However, we lost the game. 我们都已尽了最大的努力,不过我们还是输了 注意,有的连接副词 (如 however 等 )后通常有逗号与句子的其他成分 隔开。另外,这类副词有的还可位于句中或句末:We all tried out best. We lost the game, however. 我们都已尽了最大的 努力,不过我们还是输了。Peter is our youngest child, and we have three others besides.彼 特是我 们最小的孩子,我们另外还有三个。3.引导从句和不定式的连接副词用于引导从句 (名词性从
15、句 )或不定式的连接副词主要有 when, why, where,how 等:6/ 10Tell me when we shall leave. / Tell me when to leave.告 诉我什么时候 离开。t know how I can find him. / I dont know how to find him. 我不知 道如何找到他。Where we can get the money is just our problem. / Where to get the money isjust our problem. 到哪里去弄这笔钱正是我们头痛的事。Thats why he
16、 speaks English so well.那 就是他为什么英语讲得这么好 的原因。【注】连接副词 why 后不能接不定式,如可说 I dont know why I must leave.(我不知道我为什么必须离开 ),但不能说 I dont know why to leave。七、关系副词1. 关系副词的特点 关系副词用于引出定语从句,主要有 when, where, why: Sunday is the day when very few people go to work. 星期日是没什么人 上班的日子。s the reason why he dislikes me. 这就是他不喜
17、欢我的原因。 Do you know a shop where I can find sandals?你 知道哪家商店我能找 到凉鞋吗?【注】关系副词用于引出定语从句,且在从句中用作状语。关系副词 when 表示时间, where 表示地点, why 表示原因。2. 使用关系副词的注意点(1)how 不能用作关系副词, 不要想当然地将 how 用作关系副词置于 theway 后表示方式: 他说话就是那个样子。误: This is the way how he spoke.7/ 10正: This is how he spoke. / This is the way (that, in whic
18、h) he spoke.(2)关系副词 when 和 where 既可引导限制性定语从句,也可引导非 限制性定语从句,但 why 只能引导限制性定语从句,不能引导非限 制性定语从句 (若引导非限制性定语从句,可用 for which reason)。(3)引导定语从句时, when 的先行词为时间, where 的先行词为地 点,why 的先行词为原因 (主要是 the reason),但是反过来却不一定: Dont forget the time (that) Ive told you. 不要忘记我告诉你的时间。 This is the house (that) he bought rece
19、ntly. 这就是他最近买的那座房 子。Please tell me the reason (that) you know. 请告诉我你所知道的原因吧。八、疑问副词1. 疑问副词的特点疑问副词有 when, where, why, how 等,用于引出特殊疑问句:When will it be ready? 这什么时候能准备好?Why was she crying? 她刚才为什么哭?2. 两类易混句型的区别。请看以下两句:Where do you think he has gone? 你认为他去什么地方了?3.使用疑问副词的注意点(1) 疑问副词用于引导特殊疑问句, 通常位于句首,但有时也不一
20、定: Without friends where are we? 没有朋友我们会怎样?(2) 疑问副词引导特殊疑问句时,其后应接一般疑问句,但有时可有 所省略:Why argue with him? 为什么要与跟他争吵?8/ 10Why not ask the teacher? / Why dont you ask the teacher? 为什么不问 问老师呢?【注】 Why 或 Why not 后接动词原形,不接带 to 不定式,主要用于 现在或将来,不用于过去,如不说 why not tell me yesterday?应改为 Why didnt you tellme yesterday
21、?(昨天为什么不告诉我 ?)(3) 有时两个疑问副词连用:When and where were you born? 你生于何时何地?九、句子副词1. 句子副词的特点句子副词用于修饰句子 (而不是修饰某个单词 ),反映说话人的观点和 看法,如 actually, certainly, clearly, definitely, evidently, fortunately, frankly, honestly,luckily, obviously, perhaps, possibly, probably, surely, undoubtedly, unexpectedly 等。2. 句子副词在句
22、中的位置句子副词通常位于句首 (或分句句首 ):Obviously he cant tell the difference between them. 显然他无法区别 两者的不同。I arrived late but luckily the meeting had been delayed. 我迟到了, 幸而会议推迟了 但有些句子副词也可以出现在句中:He smiled nastily. He evidently knew something I didnt. 他发出狞笑,他 显然知道一些我所不知道的事。有的句子副词也可用作其他种类的副词, 不过这往往会导致位置和语 义的变化:9/ 10Clearly he didnt say so. 显然他没有这样说。 (句子副词 ) He didnt say so clearly. 他说得没有那么清楚。 (方式副词 )Frankly, you are wrong. 说实在的,你错了。 (句子副词 )He spoke frankly about his past life. 他坦率地谈了他过去的生活。 (方 式副词)
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