高中英语语法句型.docx

1、高中英语语法句型高中英语语法句型宾语从句一、宾语从句用法 宾语从句的连接词：1、从属连词 连接宾语从句的从属连词主要有that,if,whether。 that引导表示陈述句的宾语从句，if和whether，whether.or not引导表示“是否”的一般疑问句的宾语从句。 He told me (that ）he would go to college the next year. 他告诉我他明年上大学。 I dont know if there will be a bus any more. 我不知道是否还会有公交车。 Nobody knew whether he could pass

2、the exam. 没有人知道他是否会通过考试。 2、关联代词 连接代词主要有who,whom,whose,what,whoever,whomever,whosever,whatever,whichever等。连接代词一般指疑问，但what,whatever除了指疑问外，也可以指陈述。 Do you know who has won Red Alert game？你知道是谁赢得了红色警戒的游戏么？ The book will show you what the best CEO should know. 这本书会告诉你最好的执行总裁该了解什么。 Have you determined whic

3、hever you should buy,a Motorola or Nokia cell phone？你决定好是买诺基亚还是摩托罗拉的电话了吗？ 3、关联副词 连接副词主要有when,where,why,how,whenever,wherever,however等. He didnt tell me when we should meet again.他没有告诉我什么时候我们能再见面. Could you please tell me how you use the new panel.你能告诉我怎么用这个新的操作盘吗 None of us knows where these new par

4、ts can be bought.没有人知道这些的新的零件能在哪里买到.二、动词的宾语从句 1、大多数及物动词都可以带宾语从句 We all expect （that ）they will win,for members of their team are stronger. 我们都预料他们会赢，因为他们的队员更强壮. He told us （that） they would help us through the whole work. 他告诉我们在整个工作中，他们都会帮忙的.2、部分“动词+副词”结构也可以带宾语从句 I have found out （that） all the tick

5、ets for the concert have been sold out. 我发现这场音乐会的所有票都卖光了. Can you work out （that）how much we will spend during the trip 你能计算出这次旅行我们将花费多少钱吗3、动词短语也可以带宾语从句 常见的这些词有：make sure确保 make up ones mind下决心 keep in mind牢记Make sure that there are no mistakes in your papers before you turn them in.当你在上交试卷前确保没有任何错误

6、.4、可运用形式宾语it代替的宾语从句动词find,feel,consider,make,believe等后面有宾语补足语的时候，则需要用it做形式宾语而将that宾语从句后置.I think it necessary that we take plenty of hot water every day . 我认为每天多喝开水是有必要的.I feel it a pity that I havent been to the get-together. 我没去聚会，感觉非常遗憾.I have made it a rule that I keep diaries. 我每天写日记成了习惯.We all

7、 find it important that we (should) make a quick decision about this matter. 我们都认为对这件事马上做出决定很重要.有些动词带宾语从句时需要在宾语与从句前加it（双宾语）这类动词主要有：hate,take,owe,have,see to.I hate it when they say with their mouths full of food. 我讨厌他们满嘴食物时说话.He will have it that our plan is really practical. 他会认为我们的计划确实可行.We take i

8、t that you will agree with us. 我们认为你会同意我们的.When you start the engine,you must see to it that car is in neutral.开启发动机时，一定要使汽车的离合器处于空挡位置.若宾语从句是wh-类，则不可用it代替We all consider what you said to be unbelievable. 我们都认为你所说的是不可信的.We discovered what we had learned to be valuable. 我们发现我们所学到的东西都是有价值的3、介词的宾语从句 1、用

9、whether之类的介词宾语从句：We are talking about whether we admit students into our club.我们正在讨论是否让学生加入我们的俱乐部. The new book is about how Shenzhou 6 manned spaceship was sent up into space. 这本新书是关于神州6号载人航天飞船是如何升入太空的.2、用that,if引导的介词宾语从句有时候except,but,besides三个介词后可见到that引导的宾语从句 I know nothing about my new neighbor

10、except that he used to work with a company. 对于我的新邻居我只知道他曾在一家公司上班，其他一无所知. 四、形容词的宾语从句 1、有些形容词具有动词的含义，所以也可以带一个宾语从句，例如； I am sorry I am late. I am glad that you can join us. Are you sure his answer is right? 2、常用来引导宾语从句的形容词有： sure,certain,glad,please,happy,sorry,afraid,satisfied,surprised I am sure I wi

11、ll pass the exam. 我确信我会通过考试. I am sorry that I have troubled you so long. 很抱歉我这么长时间在打扰你. He is glad that Li Ming went to see him when he was ill. 他很高兴在他生病的时候李明能去看望他.五、if与whether if和whether在作“是否”解时，引导宾语从句常放在动词know,ask,care,wonder,find out等之后，介词后一般不用if 少数动词，如：leave,put,discuss,doubt后的宾语从句常用whether. wh

12、ether后可以加or not,但是if不可以. 在不定式前只能用whether. （如：I cant decide whether to stay. 我不能决定是否留下。）一般“no matt”后表“是否”用whether而不用if六、不省略引导词that 当that作learn,suggest,explain,agree,wonder,prove,mean,state,feel,hold等动词的宾语时；当宾语从句较长时;当主语状语置于主句尾，宾语从句之前时;当主语谓语动词(包括非谓语动词)与宾语从句之间有插入语时;当一个动词带有两个或两个以上宾语从句时，此时第一个that可以省略，第二个t

13、hat不可以省略;当宾语从句中的主语是this,that或this,that做主语的定语时;当宾语从句是双宾语中的直接宾语时;当宾语从句的主语是非谓语动词或主语从句时;当主语中的谓语动词是固定词组时;当宾语从句有it做其先行词时;在直接引语中，转述分句把宾语从句隔开时.当that在从句中充当主语时.七、否定转移 宾语从句的反意疑问句 主句的谓语动词是think,believe,imagine,suppose,consider,expect,fancy,guess等，并且主句的主语是第一人称而且为一般现在时，从句的否定词一般要转移到主句上来，其反义疑问句一般与宾语从句一致. I dont thi

14、nk he will come to my party.而不能说成I think he wont come to my party. 我认为他不会来我的舞会. I dont believe that man is killed by Jim,is he 我认为那个人不是Jim所杀的，是不是 如果宾语从句中有某个含有否定意义的形容词或副词，其反义疑问句要用肯定形式.通常我们称为否定前疑。 We find that he never listens to the teacher carefully,does he 我们发现他从来不仔细听老师讲课，是不是。八、时态和语序 当主句为现在时或将来时,宾语

15、从句的时态一般不受主句的时态所影响. 当主句为过去时从句用一般过去时或过去进行时表示与主句谓语动词动作同时发生 I only knew he was studying in a western country,but I didnt know what country he was in. 我只知道他当时在西方的一个国家读书，可不知道是哪个国家. He asked me if I was reading the story The Old Man and the Sea when he was in. 他问我他进来的时候我是否正在读老人与海.从句过去完成时表示该动作发生在主句谓语动作之前 He

16、 told me that he had told Mary about the meeting already. 他告诉我他已经把有关会议的事情告诉了Mary.从句谓语用过去将来时表示该动作发生在主句谓语动作之后 The reporter asked if the government would take necessary measures to put down the to-do. 记者问政府是否会采取必要的措施镇压骚乱. 如果从句是一个客观真理，那么从句的时态不根据主句的时态而变化 The teacher said that the moon goes around the ear

17、th yesterday. 老师昨天说月亮围着地球转.当宾语从句的引导词是who,which,what,when,where,how,why等表疑问时，不能按正常语序安排，经常将这类引导词置于句首 Who do you think the public might choose as their favorite singer this year 你认为今年公众会选谁为他们最喜欢的歌手. 无论任何时候都为陈述语序.被动语态（一般现在时） 主动语态变被动语态时，主动语态句中的宾语变成被动语态句中的主语，主动语态句中的主语成为被动语态句中的动作的发出者。(一)、被动语态的口诀 一般现、过用be +

18、过去分词，be有人称、时、数变。 完成时态have(has) done，被动将been加中间。 一般将来shall (will) do，被动变do为be done。 将来进行无被动，shall (will) be doing, 现在完成进行同，have (has) been doing。 现、过进行be doing, 被动be加being done。 情、助、有、是妥安排，一律随新主语变。 否定助后加not，疑问一助置主前。 主语恰是疑问词，直陈语序主在前。 一般情助加be done，双宾多将间宾变。（二）、复合宾语宾变主，宾补、主补相应变。 1.一般现在时 isamare+P.P(过去分词)

19、 2.一般过去时 waswere+P.P 3.一般将来时 will be+P.P 4.现在进行时 isamare+being(固定不变)+P.P 5.过去进行时 waswere+being(固定不变)+P.P 6.现在完成时 havehas been+P.P 7.过去完成时 had been+P.P 第二句be有人称、时、数变即be有人称、时态和单、复数的变化。情助是指情态动词和助动词must，may，can，shall，will等一律随新主语(多是主动句中的宾语)来变化。疑问一助置主前是说有两个助动词的话，应把主语放在第一助动词之后或把第一助动词置于主语之前。下面详细举例说明之。 一般现、过

20、用be done, be有人称、时、数变 例： 1.主动：The children gave the foreign guests a warm welcome. 被动：The foreign guests were given a warm welcome by the children. 孩子们热烈地欢迎外宾。 2.主动：People regard him as brilliant. 被动：He is regarded as brilliant by people. 人们认为他很有才华。 以上两例都是一般时态用be done的例子，be有人称、时、数变，第三人称foreign friend

21、s是复数，时态一般过去时，所以be done就是were given，而People regard him as brilliant一句，被动后的be done就变成单数第三人称is regarded的形式了。（三）、被动： This speech was delivered by comrade Wang. (was delivered即一般过去时的被动态)这篇讲演是王的发言。 There was a serious train accident near the border. Two people were killed and twelve were injured. 边境发生非常严重

22、列车事故，两人死亡，十二人受伤。 A person who is truly honest is called a straight arrow. 直言不讳的人才是真正诚实的人。 A note was passed up to the speaker. 有人给讲演者递上来一张纸条。 John was elected president of the class instead of Harry. 乔治被选为班长而代替了亨利。 Volcanoes are described as active, dormant or extinct. 火山被描述为活的，沉睡着的，或者死的。 The soldie

23、r was killed, but the train was saved. 这位战士牺牲了，然而列车得救了。 He was thought to be clever but dishonest. 他被认为很聪明但不诚实。 （别人认为他很聪明但不诚实） The first zoological garden in the United States was established in 1874. 美国的第一个动物园是1874年建立的。 Families were often broken up; wives were taken away from their husbands and ch

24、ildren from their parents.家庭被拆散，妻儿被夺走。 The information is urgently needed. 急需这个资料。 Most environmental problems exist because adequate measures for preventing them were not taken in the past. 多数环境污染问题的存在，是因为过去没有采取适当的保护措施。（四）、完成时态have done，被动将been加中间。 (过去完成时had done也包括在内)。 例： 1.主动：We have studied Engl

25、ish for 3 years off and on at the spare-time school. 被动：English has been studied for 3 years by us off and on at the spare-time school. (have 随新主语变为has) 我们已经在夜校里断断续续地学了三年英语了。 2.主动: They had produced 100 tractors by the end of last year. 被动: 100 tractors had been produced by the end of last year. 到去年

26、年底我们已生产出一百台拖拉机。 3.主动：They have set up a power station in their home town. 被动：A power station has been set up in their home town. 他们的家乡建立了一座发电站。 4.主动：They have warned us to be careful of rats. 被动：We have been warned to be careful of rats. 他们已提醒我们要注意老鼠。 5.主动：People have piled plastic bags full of rubb

27、ish in streets. 被动：Plastic bags full of rubbish have been piled in streets. 人们把装满垃圾的塑料袋子堆放在街上。 6.主动：We have used nuclear energy to produce electricity. 被动：Nuclear energy has been used to produce electricity. 核能已用来发电。 7.主动：No one has ever beaten him at tennis. 被动：He has never been beaten at tennis. 就

28、网球来说还没有人是他的对手。 (No one涉及到全否定和部分否定问题，见否定一讲) 例： 1.The person who owns the gun may try to deny that he has used it. But anyone seeing the smoke knows the gun has just been fired. 有枪的人会极力否认他开了枪。但是任何看到枪烟(枪冒的烟)的人都会知道刚才开了 枪。 2.Today is Cilias wedding day, she has just been married to Bob 今天是西丽亚的新婚日，她刚刚和鲍勃结

29、婚。 3.The subjects of these lectures have been announced by the lecture committee. 演讲委员会已宣布了这些讲演的题目。 （过去完成时也是一样） 1.主动: Somebody had cleaned my shoes. 被动: My shoes had been cleaned by somebody. 有人早已把我的鞋子擦了。 2.主动：When I returned I found that they had towed (toud) my car away, I asked why they had done

30、this and they told me that id was because I had parked it under a No Parking Sign. 被动：my car had been towed away. I asked why this had been done and told that . it had been parked under a No Parking Sign. 当我回来时，发现我的车被弄走了。我问他们为啥这么于。他们告诉我说因为我把车 于停在禁止停车的禁区。 3.主动：They had build three ships by last December. 被动： By last December three ships had been built by them. 到去年年底他们已建造了三艘船。（一般将来sh