大学英语六级巅峰阅读附答案详解Word格式.docx

1、A teams offense is responsible for taking the ball down the field toward its opponents endzone. To do this. the offense throws the ball from one player to another or holds the ball andruns forward. Here are the basic offensive positions.Quarterback （QB）-This player throws the ball to receivers or ha

2、nds it off to running backs. Thequarterback is also known as the field general,because hes the on-the-field leader.Offensive linemen-These players provide blocking for the quarterback and running backs.Individual linemanpositions include:Center （C）-The center is located in the middle of the line. Th

3、is player hikes the ball to thequarterback by bringing the ball up between his legs.Guards （LG/RG）-These two players flank the center.Tackles （LT/RT）-The tackles are positioned on the outside of each guard;teams have twotackles.Receivers-Receivers run down the field and catch balls thrown by the qua

4、rterback. Receivers areeither wide receivers （WR） or tight ends （LTE/RTE）.depending on where they are positioned onthe field.Running backs-Running backs take the ball from the quarterback and run up the field.Depending on the fomation （arrangement of the offensive players, a running back might becal

5、led a tailback （TB）, halfback （HB） or fullback （FB）.DefenseWhen a team does not have possession of the ball, it is on defense and uses various methodsto prevent theother teams offense from scoring. These players must tackle the offensiveplayer who has the ball to stopthe offense from advancing.Defen

6、se will also try to take the ballaway from the offense.Here are the basic defensive positions:Defensive linemen-The linemen put pressure on the quarterback by trying to tackle him beforehe releases the ball. They also try to stop running backs.There are typically three or fourdefensive linemen.Lineb

7、ackers-When there are four linemen, there is a middle linebacker（MLB） and two outsidelinebackers （OLB）. When there are three linemen. there are two inside linebackers （ILB） and twooutside linebackers. Their job is to back up the linemen. as well as contain runners and coverreceivers on some plays.Co

8、rnerbacks （CB）-The cornerbacks prevent the wide receivers from catching the ball bybreaking up passes from the quarterback.Safeties-The safeties play deep behind the rest of the defense to prevent a long pass or run.A strong safety （SS） lines up on the side of the field where there are more offensiv

9、e players.The free safety （FS） plays a deep, middle position.Special TeamsIf a team has to kick the ball, it uses its special-teams unit. This unit includes the teamskickers, theoffensive line, and players who run down the field to tackle a returner（see below）.Placekicker-The placekicker kicks the b

10、all through the goalposts to score points and kicks theball to theother team to start the game and after each scoring possession.Punter-The punter free-kicks the ball if his team cannot advance the ball down the field.Returner-During a kickoff or punt, the returner tries to catch the ball and return

11、 it as far as hecan. A player can score a touchdown on a rcturn.Moving the Ball and Finding the End ZoneA football game begins with a coin toss to decide which team will receive the opening kickoff.From the opening kickoff, the two teams battle to take possession of the ball. Possessionmeans that a

12、teams offensive unit has the ball.A team can take possession of the ball in several ways:Receiving a kickoff-A team receives a kickoff at the beginning of each half and after the otherteam scores.Turnover-A team recovers a ball dropped by the other team （fumble）or picks off a ball thrownby the other

13、 teams quarterback （interception）.Safety-A player is tackled in his own end zone, meaning the end zone his team is defending, sothe other team gets the ball though a free kick.Punt-The defensive team stops the offensive team from getting 10 yards in three downs, andthe offensive team free-kicks, or

14、punts, the ball to the other team on third down.Turnover on downs-The offensive team fails to advance the ball lO yands in four downs andhas to surrenderthe ball to the other team.For those new to the sport the last two scenarios on this list may not make sense. One of themost confusing concepts of

15、American-style football is the down-and-distance system. Everytime a team takes possessionof the ball, it is given a set of four downs, or attempts, to movethe ball l0 yards. If the team can movethe ball lO yards or more Within four downs, the teamgets another set of four downs to go another l0 yard

16、s, and so on. For instance, if a teamadvances 3 yards on first down, the next play is second down with 7 yards to go （second and7）; if the team then advances 5 yards on second down, the next play is third and 2; if the teamthen advances 2 or more yards on third down, the next play is back to first a

17、nd lO, wich awhole new set of four downs during which to advance the ball.美国橄榄球美国橄榄球是一项独特的运动，它是一种以攻占阵地得分的比赛。两队队员进入球场，每一队都会尽量坚守自己的每寸阵地不让对方攻入。每个队都想既能防守住自己的后方阵地又能攻入对方的前线阵地。最后，他们都想攻占足够的阵地以求达阵得分或射门得分。基本规则橄榄球是在以码计算的场地上进行的寸土必争的“英寸游戏”，采用英式度量单位来测量场上的活动。l比赛的胜负由球队累积的或推进的码数来决定。一个正式的NFL（美国全国橄榄球联盟）球场是一个120码（l1O米）

18、长，53码l英尺（49米）宽的长方形。大多数场地都建在户外的（露天的）体育场上，地上植有草坪。一些场地植的是人造草皮。这种草皮在很多室内体育场非常普遍。一场橄榄球比赛最必要的器材是橄榄球。正式的NFL橄榄球是由威尔逊体育用品公司手工制作的。橄榄球是一个椭圆形的球体，球的中间标有纵向的和横向的周长线。有了器材和场地，我们就可以进行一场比赛了。NFL的比赛分成4节，在第2节和第3节之间有中场休息。每节持续15分钟。如果全场4节打成平局，就再打l5分钟的加时赛。2在加时赛中，先得分者获胜。虽然比赛时间总计一个小时。但打一场比赛通常都要花上3到4个小时。球队可能因为球出界、传球未完成或呼叫暂停而暂时中

19、止比赛计时。3每队每半场允许3次暂停。半场和终场结束前两分钟，裁判会吹哨子叫暂停以提醒比赛时间，这也会导致比赛计时的停止。球员角色分配NFL规定各队比赛大名单上的球员不能超过53名。任何时候，每个队都只能有11名球员上场。4为了了解NFL的比赛大名单，你必须要识别每个球队里的3组球员：进攻组、防守组和特勤组。各组在比赛时都有专门的位置，各自也有一套专门的技能。进攻球队的进攻组负责将球带到对方的终极战区，为了做到这一点，进攻球员要将球从一名队员手中传到另一名队员手中，或者抱着球向前冲。这是基本的进攻方位：四分卫（QB）四分卫队员负责把球传给接球手或跑锋。5四分卫也被称为“赛场上的主帅”，因为他是

20、赛场上的指挥者。进攻践员这些队员负责阻止对方对四分卫和跑锋的截杀。各个线员的位置包括：6中锋（C）中锋站在对阵线的中间位置，常常是从两腿间将球传给四分卫。中卫（LG/RG）左右中卫分别位于中锋的两侧。擒卫（LT/RT）擒卫位于每个中卫的外围;每个球队有2名擒卫。接球手接球手负责在场中跑动以接住四分卫传出的球。接球手可以连外接手（WR）也可以是边锋（LTE/RTE），这取决于他们在场上的位置。跑锋跑锋负责从四分卫那里接到进球后进行特定的跑动。根据进攻队员的阵式（排列），跑锋可以叫做后跑锋（TB）、半跑锋（HB）或者全跑锋（FB）。防守一个队手上没有球时，它就需要防守，运用各种各样的方法阻止对方的

21、进攻得分。这些队员必须阻截对方带球的进攻队员前进。防守队员也将努力从对方进攻队员那里抢球。这是基本的防守方位：防守线卫防守线卫在对方的四分卫将球传出前尽量对其进行阻截以便给他施加压力。他们也会尽量地对跑锋进行拦截。一个队通常有3或4个防守线卫。线后卫有4个防守线卫的时候，就有1个中线卫（MLB）和2个外线卫（OLB）。有3个防守线卫时，就有2个内线卫（ILB）和2个外线卫。他们的任务是支援防守线卫，以及在某些情况下随着进攻方外接手跑动，阻止外接手成功接球。角卫（CB）-角卫通过拦截对方四分卫的传球以阻止外接手成功接球。安全卫7安全卫安置在防守线的最后以防止长距离的传球或跑动。强卫（SS）在对方

22、进攻球员更多的地方列阵。游卫（FS）则在靠近外场线的中间位置活动。特勤组如果一个队要开始踢球了，它就会使用它的特勤组成员。这个组包括踢球手、发球手，以及在场上跑动拦截回攻员的球员（见以下说明）。射手-8射手负责将球踢进球门得分，以及在每次得分后开球。弃踢员弃踢员在本队无法推动球前进的情况下自由踢球。回攻员在开球或弃踢球的时候，回攻员会试图抢球然后尽快进行回攻。球员在回攻的时候可能会达阵得分。带球找到终极战区9一场橄榄球比赛开始时以掷硬币来决定哪一队先开球。一开球，两队就对球的占有权进行争夺。对球的占有权意味这球在该队的进攻组手上。球队可以以几种方式取得对球的占有权：得到开球权球队在每半场开始时

23、和对方队得分后取得开球权。对方失误球队重新抢到对方掉在地上的球（失球）或是接到对方四分卫掷出的球（抢球）。安全球员在本方极阵也就是他所在的球队要防守的区域被擒杀，因此对方球队就可白白得球。弃踢防守组使对方进攻组在3次进攻之后都不能将球推进10码，对方在第3次进攻后随意将球踢开，或弃踢球。进攻权换手10进攻方在4次进攻后都不能将球推进1O码.不得不将球让给对方。对于那些对这项运动不熟悉的人来说，这个条目上的最后两种情况可能没有什么意义。美式橄榄球最令人困惑的概念之一就是进攻机会距离系统。每当一个队取得对球的占有权时，它就会得到4次可能将球推进10码的进攻机会。如果球队能在这4次进攻球成功推进10

24、码或超过10码，该队就可以得到可能将球再推进10码的新一档的4次进攻机会，如此推进。例如，一队在第l次进攻中前进了3码,下一次进攻也就是第2次进攻还需前进7码（2进7）;如果该队在第2次进攻中推进了5码，那么下一次进攻也就是第3次进攻就还要推进2码;如果在第3次进攻中推进2码或超过2码，下一次进攻就回到l进10，进入另一档的4次进攻，继续将球向前推进。1.The success of a team is measured by means of_.A） the yards it gainsB） the field goals it scoresC） the strategy it usesD） the touchdowns it scores2.When the teams need to play the overtime period,the teamthat_wins.A） gains more groundB）