高三定语从句重难点解析文档格式.docx

1、 （1）当先行词中是不定代词all, much ,little, something, everything, anything, nothing, none, the one时，如： Do you have anything that you want to say for yourself? You should hand in all that you have. （2）当先行词被the only, the very ,any, few, little, no, all等词修饰时，如： This is the very person that Im waiting for. The on

2、ly thing that we can do is give you some money. （3）当先行词是形容词最高级或先行词的前面有形容词最高级修饰，如： This is the best way that has been used against pollution. This is the most interesting film that Ive ever seen. （4）当先行词是序数词或它前面有一个序数词修饰时，如： This train is the last that will go to Suzhou. What is the first American fil

3、m that you have seen? （5）当先行词既有人又有物时，如： Do you know the things and persons that they are talking about? （6） 句中已经有who或which时，为了避免重复时,如： Who is the man that is making a speech? 2.当限制性定语从句中的介词提前时，只能用which, 不用that。 如：This is the house in which Lu Xun once lived.记忆方法总结：不：当先行词是不定代词或被它们修饰时；如:all ,few, litt

4、le, much, every, something, anything等； Thats all that I know. Is there anything that I can do for you?He answered few questions that the teacher asked.日：唯一性。当先行词被the only, the very（恰恰，正是）, the same等修饰时； These are the very words that he used. Thats the only thing that I can do now.最：当先行词被形容词最高级修饰时；Th

5、at is the most interesting book that I have ever read.二：当先行词即有人又有物时；The man and his dog that I always meet are standing by the gate.序：当先行词被序数词修饰时。The first thing that I should do is to review my lessons. （三）关系代词who, whom和whose的用法当先行词指人，在从句中作主语时，用who,不可省略；在定语从句中作宾语时，用whom,可以省略；在定语从句中作定语，用whose（whose也

6、可指物），不可省略。如： She is the girl who lives next door.（先行词在定语从句中作主语） Thats the girl（whom/that/省略）I teach.（先行词在定语从句中作宾语） This is the scientist whose achievements are well known.（先行词在定语从句中作定语） This is the house whose window broke last night. =This is the house of which the window broke last night. （四）“介词+关

7、系代词”引导的定语从句“介词+关系代词”引导定语从句时，介词的宾语只能用which（指物）或whom（指人），即：介词+which/whom。1. 当介词放在关系代词的前面时，关系代词事只用which或whom，关系代词不能省略。Is this the house in which Shakespeare was born?In the dark street there wasnt a single person to whom she could turn for help.2.在限制性定语从句中，当介词位于定语从句的末尾时，可用that/which（指物）, that/whom/who（

8、指人）作介词的宾语，而且作介词宾语的关系代词往往省略。 This is the hero that/who/ whom/ 不填we are proud of . This is the pen that/which/不填I wrote the letter with.2. 介词+which/whom+不定式结构。The beggar has no money with which to buy food.=The beggar has no money to buy food.= The beggar has no money that/which he cn buy food with.（五

9、）关系代词as引导的定语从句关系代词as引导限制性定语从句，as在从句中作主语、宾语、表语。as引导限制性定语从句常用于下列句式：1. such +名词+as像一样的，像之类的the same +as和同样的 其中关系代词as在从句中担当主语、宾语或表语。 We have found such materials as are used in their factory.（as作主语） These houses are sold at such a low price as people expected.（as作宾语） He is not the same man as he was. （a

10、s作表语）2.such assuch为代词，意为“这样的人或物”，as在从句中担当成分，修饰先行词such 。This book is not such as I expect.3. the same. as和the same .that的用法区别 the same. as指同类事物 the same .that 指原物 如： Thats the same tool as I used last week.（同类工具，不是同一把）Thats the same tool that I used last week.那就是我上周用过的工具。（同一把工具）知识点2：关系副词的用法 （一）当先行词在定

11、语从句中作状语时，要用关系副词。其中when=表时间的介词（如:in, at, during等）+which; where=表地点的介词（如：in, at, on, under等）+which; why+表原因的介词（如： 因为）+which。 I still remember the day when I first came to Beijing.（when=on which） Can you tell me the office where he works?（ where=in which） Do you know the reason why he is absent?（why= f

12、or which） （二）有时先行词为抽象名词situation, stage, point, age 等。 The accident has reached a point where both their parents are to be called in. In an age when technology moves faster than most can keep up with, a small group of people still remain in the time of old-fashioned letters. 知识点3：用法其他要点（一） 定语从句中的谓语动

13、词与先行词保持一致当引导定语从句的关系代词在从句中作主语时，定语从句中的谓语动词在人称、数方面，应该与先行词保持一致。1. one of +复数名词+关系代词+谓语动词（与复数名词保持一致）。Titanic is one of the most wonderful movies that have been produced in Hollywood.2. the only one of +复数名词+关系代词+谓语动词（与only one 保持一致）。Titanic is the only one of the wonderful movies that has been produced i

14、n Hollywood.（二） 注意way和 time后接定语从句的情况1. 当先行词是way意为“方式，方法”时，引导定语从句的关系词有下列三种形式。The way that/which/不填 he explained to us was quite simple.The way that/in which/不填 he explained the sentence to us was not difficult to understand.2. 先行词是time时，若time作“次数”讲时，应用关系代词that引导定语从句，that可省略；若time作“一段时间”讲并在从句中作时间状语时，应

15、用关系副词when或介词at/during +which引导定语从句。This is the second time（that）the President has visited the country.I could hardly remember how many times （that） Ive failed.This was at a time when/during which there were no radio, no telephones or no TV sets. （三）定语从句与先行词被分割开来的现象定语从句一般紧接被它所修饰的先行词；但有时候它和先行词之间有可能插入其

16、他成分，使它与先行词分隔开来，这种定语从句叫作被分隔的定语从句，在阅读文章时会经常遇到这种情况，在阅读是要注意识别先行词的修饰对象。1. 在定语从句加中插入语，常见的有：I think ,I suppose ,I guess ,I imagine等。辨别的方法是：去掉插入语后，原句句法结构仍然完整。Is that the small town you often refer to?Right, just the one _ you know I used to work for years. A. that B. which C. where D. what【解析】答案为C。work是不及物动

17、词，先行词one在定语从句中只能作地点状语，you know 在句中作插入语。He made another wonderful discovery ,_of importance to science .A. which I think is B. which I think it is C. which I think it D. I think is【解析】答案为A。这里I think 是插入语，which 引导非限制性定语从句。2. 在先行词与定语从句之间插入一个状语. 如：There are many thousands of stars in the sky that are li

18、ke the sun.在太空中有成千上万的像太阳般的星星。【解析】乍一看，that引导的定语从句在名词sky的后面，似乎应该是修饰sky的。但仔细一想，“不对啊，天空怎么能像太阳呢？”，原来that引导的定语从句被in the sky这个地点状语分隔开来，修饰中心词stars。3. 在先行词与定语从句之间插入一个定语. 如：Do you remember one afternoon ten years ago when I came to your house and borrowed a diamond necklace?你还记得吗，十年前的一天下午，我来到你家，找你借了一条钻石项链？【解析

19、】when I came to your house and borrowed a diamond necklace.实际上是修饰afternoon而不是修饰 years。Ten years ago 实际上是定语后置修饰afternoon。4. 先行词与定语从句被谓语分隔开来。此时，先行词通常是句子的主语，因定语从句较长，主句谓语较短，为使句子平衡，常将定语从句移至谓语之后. 如：A new master will come tomorrow who will teach you German.（先行词为A new master） 二、典例分析1. The old town has narro

20、w streets and small houses _are built close to each other.A. they B. where C. what D. that【解析】答案为D。句意：这个老城镇拥有狭窄的街道和建得彼此靠近的小房子。定语从句中缺少主语指物，因此用 that 。2. The old town has narrow streets and small houses _are built close to each other.A. they B. where C. what D. that3. _I explained on the phone, your re

21、quest will be considered at the next meeting.A. When B. After C. As D. Since 用“as”表示“正如我在电话里解释的那样”。4. These houses are sold at such a low price _ people expected. A. like B. as C. that D. which【解析】答案为B。as在定语从句中作expected的宾语。5. Wind power is an ancient source of energy we may return in the near future

22、.A. on which B. by which C. to which D. from which 考查介词+which的用法。=Wind power is an ancient source of energy whichthat we may return to in the near future.6.Gun control is a subject Americans have argued for a long time. A. of which B. with which C. about which D. into which先行词是Gun control, 指物, 关系词在从

23、句中做介词的宾语, 介词前置, 介词与从句动词构成搭配argue about sth, 选C项。枪支管理是美国人长期争论的一个话题。7. The old temple _ roof was damaged in storm is now under repair. A. where B. which C. its D. whose先行词是the old temple，关系词在从句中做roof的定语，用关系代词whose，选D项。其余选项与题意不符。8. Occasions are quite rare I have the time to spend a day with my kids. A

24、. who B. which C. why D. when先行词是occasions所以引导词通常用when或where，但是此句话中很明显是说“我能跟孩子待上一整天的时候很少”，所以用when，为分隔式定语从句。9. The village has developed a lot we learned farming two years ago.A. when B. which C. that D. where本句为分隔式定语从句。定语从句的先行词为the village，从句中缺少地点状语，故用where引导。10. What surprised me was not what he sa

25、id but _he said it.A. the way B. in the way that C. in the way D. the way which the way作先行词，引导定语从句的关系词通常可以省略，还可用that，in which引导。11. Its helpful to put children in a situation they can see themselves differently.A. that B. when C. which D. where 先行词是situation, 指物, 亦可指地点, 关系词在从句中做地点状语, 用关系副词where, 选D项

26、。把孩子放在他们能够另眼看自己的环境里是有益的。12. Later in this chapter cases will be introduced to readers _consumer complaints have resulted in changes in the law.A. where B. when C. who D. which先行词是前面的cases，空白处在从句中作状语，应用where引导指抽象的地点，意为“在这些案例中”。整个句子可分解为：Later in this chapter cases will be introduced to readers. In the

27、se cases consumer complaints have resulted in changes in the law.13. After graduation she reached a point in her career she needed to decide what to do. A. that B. what C. which D. whereAfter graduation she reached a point in her career; At the point she needed to decide what to do. 本句中缺少一个状语，所以选用关系

28、副词where来引导，相当于at which。14. Do you know the reason she was put into prison ? A. why B. what C. which D. where【解析】答案为A. 先行词是前面的the reason，空白处在从句中作状语，应用why引导指原因，意为“因为这个原因”。Do you know the reason? The reason she was put into prison.三、课堂达标检测单项选择1.The Great Wall is the place _ almost all tourists would li

29、ke to visit when they come to Beijing. A. why B. which C. when D. where【答案与解析】B 先行词place 在从句中作谓语动词visit的宾语，所以要用关系代词which。如果不注意分析句子的结构，就会受思维定势的干扰而误选D。2.The Great Wall is the place _ almost all tourists would like to visit when they come to Beijing. 【答案与解析】B 先行词place在从句中作谓语动词visit的宾语，所以要用关系代词which。3.Do you know the wasteland they used to play has been transformed into a theme park?A. that B. which C. there D. where【答案与解析】 代替表示地点的先行词the wasteland，在从句中做地点状语，从句相当于they used to play on。4.The city was attacked by _ terrible weather _few citizens