广州深圳八下英语知识点总结与讲练 UNIT1Helping those in needWord下载.docx

1、勇敢spirits n. 情绪；心境pay v.付费community n. 社区注意： “n.”表示“名词”， “v.”表示“动词”， “adj.”表示“形容词”“adv.”表示“副词”，“prep.”表示“介词”重点短语1. in need 需要帮助的 2. voluntary work 义务性工作 3. ask permission 报请批准4. suffer from 因.受苦；受折磨 5. raise ones spirits使鼓起勇气；使振奋 6. raise money筹募钱 7. teach sb to do教某人去做 8. need to do需要做9. look after

2、 照顾 10. in ones free time 在某人空闲时间 11. help sb do帮助某人做12. continue to do继续做 13. in the future 将来 14. work as.从事工作15. attend school 上学 16. write to sb 给某人写信 17. think about 考虑18. give sb permission to do. 批准某人做 19. because of. 因为 20. be unable to do.不能做21. stay at home呆在家 22. take part in 参加 23. in or

3、der to目的在于；为了 重点句型1. I did some voluntary work in a childrens hospital.The children there all suffer from serious illness. 我在一家儿童医院做自愿者，那儿的孩子都深受疾病折磨。2. I met a girl called Cindy. She wanted to paint a picture of the park near her home. I went there and took some photos of it. Cindy used them for her

4、 painting. 我遇见了一个叫Cindy的女孩，她想画一幅她家附近公园的画。我去那儿给她拍了些照片，Cindy对着这些照片画画。3. We taught them to tell stories. This helps them express their feelings. One child said, “My friends dont understand my pain. 我们教他们讲故事，这帮主他们表达情感。一个孩子说，“我的朋友不能理解我的痛苦。”4. Her parents died in a car accident, and she is unhappy and ver

5、y lonely. She needs friendship. 她的父母死于一场车祸，她很难受也很孤独，她需要友谊。5. We need to help children like Tim and raise their spirits. I will continue to do voluntary work in the future. 我们需要帮助像Tim这样的孩子并且安抚他们的情绪，我以后也将继续做志愿者活动。详细讲解【详细解析】1. raise v. 筹集；提升；增加第三人称单数：raises 过去式：raised 过去分词：raised 现在分词：raising【搭配】：raise

6、 money 筹款；raise money for 为筹款 raise ones voice 提高嗓门； e.g. They raised money for homeless people. 他们为无家可归的人筹款。 raise price 提高价格；raise ones spirits 打起精神 raise = keep 有“饲养，抚养”的意思，如： raise cattle = keep cattle（饲养牲口）和raise children（抚养孩子）辨析：raise, rise（rise-rose-risen）的区别（1） 这两个词都有“提高，上升，增加”的意思，但其用法不同。 ra

7、ise是及物动词，其主语通常是人；而rise是不及物动词，其主语通常是物。e.g. The sun rises and bathes the earth. 太阳升起，普照大地。bath n. 沐浴，浴室 bathe v. 沐浴，洗, （光线） 充满（2） raise和rise用于同一事物时含义不同。例如：e.g. The price of TV sets has been raised recently. 最近电视机提价了。（政府或厂家主动行动） The price of TV sets has risen recently. 最近电视机提价了。（市场调节）2. permission n. =

8、 agreement 准许；ask permission 报请批准 Write a letter to the head teacher to to raise money. 给校长写一封信请求允许筹钱。同根词：permit v. = allow you to do it 许可，准许；默许e.g. The guards permitted me to bring my camera and tape recorder.知识拓展：（1）表示请求某人允许自己做某事，通常与动词ask, ask for, request连用。e.g. She asked for permission to leave

9、 work early.她请求许可早点下班。（2）表示允许某人做某事，通常与动词give连用。e.g. Who gave you permission to come here? 谁准许你到这里来的 （3）表示不允许某人做某事，通常与动词refuse/ deny 连用。 e.g. The school has been refused permission to expand.学校扩充未得到允许3. disabled adj. 丧失能力的；有残疾的 e.g. I taught disabled children to sing. 我教残疾的孩子唱歌。 【同根词】：disable v. = ma

10、ke （sb.） unable to do sth. 使残废，使伤残 e.g. He is disabled from voting. 他失去了选举资格。 enable = make （sb.） able to do sth. 使（某人）能够做某事 e.g. The new test should enable doctors to detect the disease early. 新的检测手段应该能够使医生们尽早查出这种疾病。【固定搭配】mentally disabled 有智力缺陷 learning disabilities 学习障碍4. offer v. = be willing to

11、 do something 主动提出【固定搭配】 offer to do sth. 主动提出去做某事，愿意做某事 e.g. Peter offered to teach them water-skiing. 彼得主动提出教他们滑水。搭配：offer ones hand 伸出友好的手 offer sb. sth. 为某人提供某物e.g.They have offered me a large sum of money to go away. 他们曾为我提供一大笔搬迁费【辨析】provide, offer的区别： provide用于表示无主动慷慨之意地为人或物提供需要或有用的东西，仅仅是出于某种责

12、任，强调提供必须用的东西，尤其是生活用品,多数情况是免费的。【固定搭配】 provide sb. with sth. 提供某人某物= provide sth. for sb.提供某物给某人。 offer表示主动提供服务、工作等，对方可以接受，也可以不接受。【固定搭配】offer sb. sth.或offer sth. to sb. 固定搭配中。offer sb.主动提出帮助某人；offer sb. a good salary 给某人一个好工资。 e.g. Somehow she managed to provide her children with food and clothing.她总算

13、设法使她的孩子有饭吃，有衣穿。 e.g. He offered me a glass of wine. = He offered a glass of wine to me. 他端给我一杯酒。 5. illness n. （某种）病e.g. The children there all suffer from serious illness. 那里的孩子都遭受疾病的折磨。【同根词】：ill adj. 有病的 （比较级：worse, 最高级：worst）【辨析】ill, illness, sick的区别： illness是ill的名词形式，是可数名词。 ill和sick都有“生病的；有病的”之意

14、，但用法并不完全相同。 ill表示“生病的；有病的”这一意思时，一般用作表语，不能作定语；sick既可以作表语又可以作定语，如“病人”可以说a sick man或the sick, 但不能说an ill man或the ill。e.g. She is ill/sick in bed. 她卧病在床。 She is looking after her sick father. 她在照顾她生病的父亲。 * sick 有“恶心的；厌倦的”之意。 e.g. The smell makes me sick. 这气味使我感到恶心。 * ill作定语修饰名词时是“坏的；邪恶的”之意。 e.g. He is a

15、n ill man. 他是一个邪恶的人。sick作表语生病的，恶心的His wife was sick in bed with a cold.作定语生病的I helped sick children.illShe has been ill for a month.坏的 The ill boy loves playing tricks on his elder brother.6. organize v. 组织 In the end, we all decided to organize a concert for Easter. 最终，我们一致决定组织一场复活节音乐会。organization

16、 n. 组织；机构 organizer n. 组织者 organized adj. 有组织的 e.g. What do you know about our organization? 关于我们的组织你知道些什么？ e.g. Students need organized activities. 学生们需要有组织的活动。 e.g. Who is the organizer of the exhibition? 谁是这次展览会的组织者？7. lonely adj. 孤独的；寂寞的；荒凉的 （比较级：lonelier 最高级：loneliest） It felt like the lonelies

17、t place in the world. 感觉这就像是天底下最荒凉的地方。【辨析】lonely, alone的区别：alone副词。“独自地；单独地”，侧重于说明独自一人，没有同伴或助手，指的是客观情况。She went home alone.= She went home by herself. 她独自回家去了。形容词。一般与be动词连用，在句中作表语。 She is alone at home 她独自在家。lonelylonelierloneliest表语。表示“孤独的；寂寞的”之意，带有浓厚的感情色彩，具有“渴望得到同伴”的意思。I never feel lonely when I a

18、m with my friends.定语。lonely用作定语时，意为“无人烟的；荒凉的；偏僻的” Thats a lonely island I didnt feel lonely though I was alone. 我虽孤身一人，但并不感到寂寞。8. friendship n. 友情；友谊friend n. 朋友 复数：friends. e.g. True friendship is worth more than money. 真正的友谊比金钱更有价值。 friendly adj. 友好的 e.g. Robert has a friendly relationship with hi

19、s customers. 罗伯特和他的客户之间关系处得很好。 friendliness n. 友善 e.g. She also loves the friendliness of the people. 她也喜欢人们的友善。9. difficulty n. = be not able to do something easily 困难；费劲 The country is facing great economic difficulties. 该国正面临巨大的经济困难。difficult adj. = hard to do 困难的 e.g. The child is going through

20、a difficult phase. 那孩子正经历困难的阶段。 e.g. Its difficult for me. 对我来说这很难。 【搭配】：have difficulty （in） doing something 做有困难 e.g. I had no difficulty （in） making myself understood. 我毫不费力地表达了自己的意思。 in difficulty/difficulties 处境困难 e.g. The bank is in difficulty/difficulties. 这家银行处境困难。 【拓展】have trouble （in） doin

21、g 做某事有麻烦;have problems （in） doing 做某事有问题;have fun （in） doing 做某事有乐趣10. joy n. = a feeling of great happiness 愉快； I taught them to sing because music can bring them joy and peace. 我教他们唱歌，因为音乐能带给他们喜悦与宁静。joyful n. 快乐的，高兴的；令人开心的，使人喜悦的 e.g. He was excited and joyful at the success. 他因成功而激动欣喜。 【固定搭配】：To o

22、nes joy 令人高兴的是，使某人高兴的是 e.g. To her joy her son was permitted to a key university.11. hurt v. = injure 使疼痛； Tim hurt his legs in an accident, but he has lots of courage. 提姆在一次事故中伤了腿，但他很勇敢。hurt adj. 受伤的；痛苦的；（受）损坏的 e.g. They did not seem to be badly hurt. 他们看起来没有受重伤。hurt oneself 自己受伤 e.g. Have you hurt

23、 yourself? 你伤着自己了吗？身体伤害重用badly修饰。 精神、感情受到创伤用 very much/ rather/ deeply修饰 e.g. The driver hurt himself badly in the accident. 那位司机在事故中伤得很重。 e.g. Your words deeply hurt her. 你的话深深地伤害了她。12. courage n. 勇气；encourage v. 鼓励，鼓舞；支持；促进；鼓动 e.g. My English teacher often encourages us to read English aloud. 我的英语

24、老师常常鼓励我们大声读英语。take ones courage in both hands 鼓起勇气去做；敢作敢为 gather courage鼓足勇气 lose courage 失去勇气 e.g. Taking her courage in both hands, she opened the door and walked in. 她壮着胆打开门，走了进去。 e.g. Failure is the mother of success. Keep up your courage.失败是成功之母。鼓起你的勇气来。13. Spirits n. 情绪，心境e.g. He felt in excel

25、lent spirits when he arrived home. 他回到家里是情绪非常好。Spirit n. 精神，勇气，意志。e.g. Even though he is no longer living, his spirit lives on today. 尽管他已经不再人世，但他的精神却至今还在。【固定搭配】：in spirit 在心里， 在精神上14. pay v. 付款；偿还 e.g. We paid 35 pounds for each ticket. 我们每张票付了35英镑。pay n. 工资；薪水；报答 e.g. They complained about their p

26、ay and conditions. 他们抱怨他们的薪水和工作条件。pay off 偿清（债务）；支付（债务）的全部数额 pay attention to 注意 pay a visit to 去参观，拜访 pay for 为付款 【辨析】：take, spend, cost和pay的用法区别：如： I spend much time in doing homework. 我花了很多时间来些家庭作业。 I have to pay for the book lost. 我不得不赔丢失的书款 It takes them three years to build this road. 他们用了三年时间

27、修完了这条路 A new computer costs a lot of money. 买一台新电脑要花一大笔钱。15. 【be used for doing】 被用来做（某事） e.g. This medicine is used for curing cancer. 这种药物是用于治疗癌症的。 【be used to do】 被用来去做e.g. Clothes are used to keep warm. 衣服是用来保暖的。【be used as】 把用作，被用来当作 e.g.The box is used as a table. 这个箱子被当作桌子用。 【be used by （某物）】

28、被某人使用，by后接动词的执行者 e.g. This car is used by Mr. Li.这是李先生的专用轿车。* be used to （doing） sth. 习惯于（做某事） e.g. My father is used to getting up early. 我爸爸习惯于早起。* used to do sth. 过去常常做某事 e.g. I used to dance after school. 我过去常常放学后跳舞。16. since then 自从那时起since I was born 自从我出生时since+ 时间点（用于完成时）e.g. He has waited s

29、ince 5 oclock. 自从5点开始他就在等了。e.g. Mr. Chen has lived here since 2 years old. 陈先生自从2岁起就住在这儿。e.g. We have learned English since 7 years ago. 我们自从七年前开始就学习英语了。【句子解析】1.Three teenagers offered to do some voluntary work during the school holidays. offer to do something意为“主动提出做某事”。e.g. Nick offered to help Jack with his Maths homework. 【offer的主要用法有】：offer sth提出某事I offered a good plan for our holiday.offer to do sth（主动）提出做某事Tom offered to drive us to the bus station.offer sb. st