高三英语二轮 备考抓分点透析专题4 代词.docx

1、高三英语二轮 备考抓分点透析专题4 代词2019-2020年高三英语二轮 备考抓分点透析专题4 代词【xx年高考命题预测】高考对代词的考查主要集中在不定代词上，具体体现在1、考查他们在特定结构中的用法；2、考查他们在具体语境中的意义和功能。此外，it的用法也是高考代词考查的热点。据此认为xx年对代词的考查依然集中在不定代词的用法区别及it的用法。【重难点突破】【概述】代词是代替名词的词，它分为人称代词、物主代词、反身代词、指示代词、不定代词、疑问代词、连接代词、关系代词等。分类用法人称代词不仅指人，也可指物主格：I , we, you ,he, she, it, they,宾格：me, us,

2、 you, him, her, it , them1 主格作主语，宾格作宾语She is our teacher.(主格作主语)I often help him with his math.(宾格作宾语)口语中，人称代词宾格常用作表语Who is there? Its me.(宾格作表语)2 人称代词在句子中的顺序单：第二人称第三人称第一人称 You he/she IYou, he and I are in the same classroom.复：第一人称第二人称第三人称 We + you + theyWe, you and they are all Chinese.3.glasses,su

3、nglasses,boots等复数形式的词单独：动词用复数，对应代词they或themMy trousers are over there and they are dirty.与量词一起：动词用单数，对应代词they或themIf you find a pair of scissors in the drawer, pass them to me.4.as和than 之后的人称代词as和than 之后的人称代词，作主语用主格，作宾语用宾格；但在非正式语体中，或带有all, both时，通常用宾格。She speaks English as well as me. （非正式）He is tal

4、ler than us all.5.it 用法： 表示无生命、已提到过的事物 Whose coat is this? Its mine.性别不祥的幼儿或小动物What a beautiful baby! Is it a boy?指“那个人”Who is it at the door? Its the postman.无人称主语或宾语（天气、时间、距离等）Its raining.Its twenty miles from here to Shanghai.物主代词形容词性物主代词：my , our, your, his , her, its , their名词性物主代词：mine, ours,

5、yours, his , hers, its, theirs 1.形容词性物主放在名词前，不可单独使用。This is her book.Your school is not very far. 2.名词性物主代词形容词性物主代词名词，起名词作用，可单独使用Ours (=Our country) is a great country.I havent taken my umbrella. May I share yours(=your umbrella)?3.物主代词的固定搭配of ones own on ones own with ones own人自己的 独自 用某人自己的Hold one

6、s breath make ones way in ones way屏住呼吸 找到路前进 妨碍某人，挡某人的路To ones surprise/amazement使某人吃惊的是反身代词myself, yourself , ,himself, itself yourselves, ,themselves , ourselves1. 反身代词作同位语The teacher himself will visit Toms parents.2. 反身代词作宾语They do the work by themselves.3. 表示独立完成某事，亲自做某事，为自己做了某事call oneself mak

7、e oneself cook oneself把自己称为 为自己做了 为自己作了 吃buy oneself find oneself给自己买了 给自己找了He usually calls himself Old Jim.4 反身代词的固定搭配for oneself by oneself to oneself teach oneself亲自 独自 独用 自学hurt oneself be pleased with oneself弄伤自己 对自己感到高兴cant help oneself help oneself to忍不住，无法控制自己 谁便吃，为自己取（食物等）指示代词This, that, t

8、hese ,those 离说话人近的用this, those;远的用that, those.You look in this box here, and Ill look in that box over there.I saw him this morning.He was very busy those days.疑问代词Which, who, whom, whose, whatwhich 哪个Which apple do you like?who/whom 谁(主语/宾语)Who is the lady over there?whose 谁的Whose book is this?what

9、 什么（color, kind, size）Whats kind of housework do you usually do?不定代词常见的不定代词：one , some, any, all, every, anther, other, many, much, few, little, neither, either合成的不定代词：something, somebody, someone,anything, anybody, anyone,everything ,everybody, everyonenothing, nobody, none , no one1. some(thing/bo

10、dy/one) 某（事/人/人）any(thing/body/one)任何（事/人/人）everything一切事 every（body/one）每个（人/人）no(thing/body/)没什么/没有人none没有人或没有东西 no one 没有人 只有none +(of),其他的合成不定代词不可以 合成的不定代词+else,表示另外的，所有格： elses 修饰复合不定代词的定语（形容词等）要放在它们的后面 something important2.不定代词的固定搭配one :one anther 相互one by one 一个接一个other: on the other side of

11、在的另一边 in other words 相反的路/ 方向 on the one hand .on the other hand一方面另一方面some: some day 某一天 for some time 经过若干时间both: on both side 双方，两边all: all the time 总是 all kinds of 各种各样的 all new 全新 all along 一直，始终 all over 到处 all the same 还是，仍是 (not) at all 无论如何（都不）every: every day 每天 every time 每次 every 3 weeks

12、 每三个星期 every other / second day 每隔一天many /much: so many/much 这么多的 many /much of .中的很多 too many/much 太多 a great /good many 很多 many a time 许多次many a day 许多天as many/much as 和一样地多little: little by little 渐渐地 in a little while 过一小会儿few: a man of few words 一个话很少的男人 have a few word with sb 和某人说上几句话不定代词的分组区

13、别many、much很多，许多many + 可数名词 many peoplemuch + 不可数名词 much suger口语中many/much 常被a lot of/lots of代替，特别在表示肯定意义的句子里some、any一些some 用于肯定句 + 可数/不可数any用于否定句 不可数名词用于疑问句 可数名词 some 用于疑问句中，表示邀请、请求.Would you like some tea?Will you buy me some cake? any用在肯定句中，表示“任何一个，无论那个”Take any you like.both、all都Both （两个）都All（三个或

14、三个以上）都 all、both 在句子中的位子：在be动词后面，其他动词前We both studied in Beijing University.We are all interested in pop music.each、every每一个Each(两个中的)每一个Every(三个或三个以上的)每一个 each 、every 在句子中的位子：在be动词后面，其他动词前one 、other antherone :不定的人或物，复数onesother：单数，必须加the (one. the other),复数others,表示其他的人或物anther:另一个人或物，再一个somethe ot

15、hersone the otherone. 和the others /the other one .the other+可数名词： 特指两个之中的“一个.另一个.Mr. Li has two sons. One is a doctor and the other is an engineer.one. the others /the other 可数名词： 特指三个或三个以上的情况“一个.另一些/另几个There are five flowers in the vase. One is yellow, the other four ones are red.Somethe others 和So

16、me.othersSomethe others 特定范围，“一些.另一些”The students are busy with the experiment. Some are operating the machine, the others are recording the results.Some.others 较广范围，“一些别的一些”Many old people are in the park. Some are walking, others are talking.one.anotherthe other/the third 列举三个以上时，按one.anotherthe o

17、ther/the third的顺序The woman has three sons. One is in China, another is in America, the other is in France.each other和one anthereach other两者之间“相互.”one anther三者或三者以上之间“相互.”no one 、nothing 、noneno one 指代可数名词，表示人，用来回答who的问题，不可跟ofnothing 指代不可数名词，表示物，用来回答what的问题，不可跟ofnone 指代可数/不可数名词，表示人或物，用来回答how many/how

18、 much的问题，可跟of 一、代词的记忆技巧:1）.巧记物主代词： 物主代词分两家，形、名词性各一霸;his, its无变化，my, mine记牢它;其余变形规律化，形容词(性)后加尾巴(-s)。2）.巧记：this，these靠近我，that，those离我远；this，that指单数，these，those不指单；都可用the来代替，劝君务必记心里3）.巧记：all，both，each的位置“两前”：行为动词前；半系动词前。“三后”：连系动词be之后；情态动词后；助动词后。4）.巧记复合代词分合：分合皆能单独用，后加of合不成。巧学不定代词：不定代词美名扬，修饰成分后边藏；单数动词作谓语

19、，何时何地都一样。二、不定代词1)、 any，all, every, each都可以译成“每个人，人人，大家”，both的意思是“两者都”，但它们的具体异同点为： A)、 all强调整体，every强调每个人，each强调每个人各自。 All that is needed is a continuous supply of the basic necessities of life. B)、 all和every都适用于三者及三者以上的情况，前面都可以加否定词（如：not, nearly, by no means等）。而each可指包括两者在内的情况（即，要指两者中每个人的话，只能用each）。

20、all和each都可以加of加名词，但every后面不能接of。The residents, all of whose homes had been damaged by the flood, were given help by the Red Cross. C) any表示“任一的、任何的” The medicine is on sale everywhere. You can get it at any chemists2.other, another，any other，the other的用法： A) other表示“另外”，而another表示“另外一个”，等于an other。两

21、者都可以做主语、定语和宾语。another只表示单数泛指的意思，而other有复数形式；特指时在其前加定冠词；前面可加任何限定词以及数量词。 B) other用于两者（或双方）的情况下，another用于三者情况下。 He has more concern for others than for himself.他关心他人比关心自己更重。 No agreement was reached in the discussion as neither side would give way to the other .（xx安徽）21. You are a team star! Working wi

22、th_ is really your cup of tea. A. both B. either C. others D. the other3. none，neither的用法none用在谈到三个或三个以上的人或物时，在谈到两个人或物时通常用neither。I have two boys but neither of them likes sweets. 4. anything, nothing, something 1) nothing but（通常指物）与none but（通常指人）：只不过，只有 Dont worry about that too much. It is nothing

23、 but a quiz.不要太焦虑，这只不过是一次小测验。 2) anything but：并不，根本不 He was anything but a fool. 他根本不是个傻瓜。 22. When you introduce me to Mr. Johnson, could you please say for me? （10福建）A. everything B. anything C. something D. nothingxx全国II）11I got this bicycle for_：My friend gave it to me when she bought a new one

24、Aeverything Bsomething Canything Dnothing5、this，that，these those 1）在句子中作主语、宾语、表语和定语。2）this(these)一般指时间和空间上较近的人或物，而that (those)常指时间和空间上较远的人或物。This is a novel and that is a magazine3）this(these)一般指后面要讲到的事物，而that(those)常指前面讲到的事物。What he told me is this：he wanted to go to BeijingHe didnt eThat is why he

25、 didnt know4)that，those 常用来指代前面提到过的某个名词。The oil output in xx was higher than that of 1995( that 代替oil output) The cars made in Japan are better than those in Germany5）.指示代词的固定搭配：like this 像这样thats all right 没关系more than that 更重要的是for all that 尽管如此So thats that. 就是这样。6、such such引起倒装句，谓语数取决于后面主语的数： Su

26、ch is my answer/ Such are our people做定语，注意和so 的区别，尤其是在so that， suchthat 句型中。 I have never seen such beautiful flowers(复数名词前，so 不可) I have never seen such a great film(也可为so great a film) We have such beautiful weather today that we should go out for an outing(不可数词前，不可用so) There are so many people in

27、 the hall that its hard for me to find him(在数量概念的many，much，little，few 之前，不可用such )7、neither 与 either 的用法 都可用于表示两个人或物。 neither 表否定意义，意为（两者中的每一个）都不；而 either 表肯定意义，意为（两者中的每一个）都。都可单独使用，也可同介词 of 连用。如： Both teams were in hard training； neither willing to lose the game. Do you want tea or coffee？ Either. I

28、 really dont mind. 8、 it， one 和 that 1. it 可指代可数名词和不可数名词。常常指代上文中 the+ 名词或物主代词 + 名词中的名词，表示同一件事物，但 it 代替的事物属于特指。它的复数形式是 they 或 them .如： The Parkers bought a new house but it will need a lot of work before they can move in. 2. one 所表示的名词（可指人或物）和前面所提到的名词只是同一类中的任何一个，不是指其中某一个。不能代替不可数名词。复数形式是 ones .3. that

29、既可以代可数名词又可以代不可数名词，强调与this的对应性。代可数名词时，其复数形式为those; （xx重庆卷）27Silly me! I foeget what my luggage looks like What do you think of over there? Athe one Bthis Cit Dthat（xx福建卷）21We have various summer camps for your holidays, you can choose _ based on your own interests Aeither Beach Cone Dit（xx山东）32. Helping others is a habit, _ you can learn even at an early age. A. it B. that C. what D. one三、it用法1）it指代事物、群体、经验、活动等。可以代替一个词、词组或整个句子，以免重复。When