陶洁美国文学选读第3版知识点总结练习题课后答案文档格式.docx

1、后成为出版商。他帮助建立了宾夕法尼亚大学的前身宾夕法尼亚医学院和北美哲学学会。他也是 当时著名的科学家。他签署过独立宣言。他是美国的缔造者之一。2. Major works （主要作品）Poor Richards Almanac穷查理历书The Autobiography自传IL Selected works （选读作品） The Autobiography自传1. Main content （主要内容）It depicted the background of Benjamin Franklin, including his studying in his young age and his

2、 experiences of work. And his achievement in politics, science and economy were also mentioned in this book.There are four parts in this book. The first part is the experiences of his first 25years of his life. The second part, written in Paris, is the accomplishments on science and the cause of pub

3、lic affairs. The third and fourth part, written in Philadelphia, is the record of his life from 25 to 51-year-old.这本书主要记叙了本杰明的成长经历，包括年幼时读书还有工作经历。书中也讲述了他在政治、科学及经济 领域取得的成就。本书共有四部分。第一部分讲述了他一生前25年的经历。第二部分写于巴黎，侧重描写在科学上的成就及 他所从事的公共事业。第三四两部分写于费城，先后记叙了他从25岁至51岁的生活。2. Comments （赏析）（1）The Autobiography was pr

4、obably the first of its kind in literature. It is the simple yet immensely fascinating record of a man rising to wealth and fame from a state of poverty and obscurity into which he was bom, the faithful account of the colorful career of Americans first self-made man. He represented in America all it

5、s ideas, that man is basically good and free by nature, endowed by God with certain inalienable rights of liberty and the pursuit of happiness. Through telling a success story of self-reliance, the book celebrates the fulfillment of the American dream.0 The Autobiography is also an eloquent elucidat

6、ion of the fact that Franklin was a spokesman for the new order of eighteenth-century enlightenment. It is also a Puritan document. It is a record of self-examination and selfimprovement. The book is also a convincing illustration of the Puritan ethic that, in order to get on in the world, one has t

7、o be industrial, frugal and prudent.（3） The style of The Autobiography reveals that it is the pattern of Puritan simplicity, directness and concision.（1）自传是自传体文学中的上乘佳作。它简明而极其引人入胜地叙述了富兰克林由穷苦卑微而跃至富 有、闻名的故事。它忠实地记录了美国第一位自力更生者光辉灿烂的职业生涯。他代表着，在美国，人本质是善良 自由的，拥有上帝赋予的不可剥夺的自由及追求幸福的权力。该书通过讲述自力更生而获取成功的故事，歌颂了美国 梦

8、的实现。（2） 自传充分说明了富兰克林是18世纪美国启蒙运动的代言人。这也是一本清教文献。它记录了清 教徒的自我反省和自我完善。它也是清教道德原则的最好说明，为了取得成功，人必须勤劳、简朴、谨慎。（3） 自传的文体体现出清教徒朴素、直爽、简洁的风格。1. 2课后习题详解1. Why did Franklin write his Autobiography?Key: Because that when he was young, he has never had a pleasure in obtaining any anecdotes, of his ancestors, and he hel

9、d that it was a great pity because he was curious about them. So, he thought that his son would also want to know the story of him and he himself also had responsibility to share it with his son. In addition, he thought that his experiences and success would give some useful advice to his son. With

10、such consideration in mind, Franklin wrote his autobiography.2. what made Franklin decide to leave the brother to whom he had been apprenticed? The altercation between Franklin and his brother made him decide to leave. His brother considered himself as Franklinees master and treated him harshly and

11、tyrannically. This kind of treatment annoyed Franklin, so he decided to leave.3. How did he arrive in Philadelphia? He arrived in Philadelphia with great difficulties. At the very start, he set out in a boat for Amboy, and in crossing the bay he, along with his companions, met with a squall that tor

12、e the rotten sails to pieces and drove him upon Long Island. On approaching the island, they had to drop anchor and swim out their cable towards the shore, etc. In a word, he went through many hardships on the way to Philadelphia.4. What features do you find in the style of the above selection? This

13、 selection is written in the form of letters to his son. By this way, it can show the author s honesty and frankness, which will make the reader stand close to him and actually feel and understand his emotions and experiences. Another feature is that this biography has a good narrative and reads lik

14、e a story, which can arouse the readers reading interest and curiosity.第2单元 埃德加爱伦坡2.1复习笔记Edgar Allan Poe （1809-1849） is a novelist, poet, and critic.埃德加爱伦坡（18091849）,小说家，诗人，评论家。Poes childhood was a miserable one. He lost both of his parents when still very small, and was taken care of by a wealthy m

15、erchant. Father and son enjoyed nothing but an unhappy relationship together. Poe entered the University of Virginia but did not finish. He went to West Point as a cadet but was dismissed because of misbehavior. Poe wrote and worked as editor most of his short life. He was poor all his life. At 27 h

16、e married his cousin, whose death in 1847 left him inconsolable and bitter with life than ever. He died, in October, 1849.坡有着悲惨的童年。他年幼时父母双亡，他被一位富商收养，父子之间关系紧张。坡进入弗吉尼亚大学学习， 但是没能完成学业。后来去了西点军校，却又因为行为不端而被校方开除。他短暂的一生中大部分时间都在从事写 作和编辑工作。他终身贫困潦倒。27岁时，他和他的表妹结婚，1847年妻子的离世使他悲痛万分。1849年10月, 坡去世了。（1）Poems （诗集）Tame

17、rlane and Other Poems帖木儿AlAraaf艾尔阿拉夫Poems诗集The Raven and Other Poems乌鸦及其他诗篇Short stories （短篇小说）Tales of the Grotesque and the Arabesque述异集The Fall of the House of Usher厄舍大厦的倒塌The Masque of the Red Death红色死亡假面舞会Ligeia莉盖亚The Black cat黑猫The Cask of Amontillado阿芒提拉多的酒桶The Murders in the Rue Morgue莫格街谋杀案

18、The Purloined Letter被窃的信件The Gold Bag金甲虫（3） Literary theory （文学理论）The Philosophy of Composition创作哲学The Poetic Principle诗歌原理II. Selected works （选读作品） The Cask of Amontillado阿芒提拉多的酒桶1. Theme and style （主题与风格）The theme is about horror and death.Poe pursues the style of shortness and fast tempo and to r

19、each the climax quickly. To achieve the effect, he reduces the background information and the words he used are concise. In this short story, even nothing is redundant.小说的主体是恐怖和死亡。坡追求篇幅短小而节奏很快的叙事风格，从而使故事迅速达到高潮。为达到这种效果，他减少了背景信息， 并且用词凝练。在这篇短篇小说中，甚至没有一个词是冗余的。2. Main plot （主要情节）It is the narrators accou

20、nt of his ability to carry out a chilling plot of revenge against his offender, Fortunato.Montresor baits Fortunato by telling him he has obtained what he believes to be a pipe of a rare vintage of Amontillado. He claims he wants his friendfes expert opinion on the subject. Fortunato goes with Montr

21、esor to the wine cellars of the latters palazzo, where they wander in the catacombs. Montresor offers wine to Fortunato. Montresor displays a trowel he had been hiding and killed Fortunato.主要讲述了叙述者实施他的复仇计划，将冒犯他的弗图那多杀死的故事。蒙特利瑟告诉弗图那多他买了一桶阿芒提拉多酒，但不确定是不是名酒，想要弗图那多去帮忙鉴定。蒙特利瑟 便带领着弗图那多到了豪华宫殿的地下酒窖，将酒拿给弗图那多看。

22、然后将弗图那多绑在事先准备好的铁桩上，杀死 了他。3. Analysis （作品分析）（1） Precision in time, place, and setting preclude the idea of risk and allow the narrator both the retribution he seeks and the impunity he demands.（2） It is set during the supreme madness, of Carnival. In such a riotous atmosphere, it is easy to see how a

23、 crime could go unnoticed.（3） Because Montresor is aware of the unfortunate Fortunatoees impending death, dramatic irony also plays a role in the comedy of horrors of The Cask of Amontillado. Dramatic irony is the result of the disconnect that occurs when a character, namely Fortunato, is not aware

24、of the true meaning of his own actions. The very setting of the story is ironic, in that Montresor has chosen the jovial carnival season to enact his murder because no one will be at his estate to witness the crime. Fortunato himself is dressed in a jestefs outfit, and the jingling of his jester s b

25、ells reminds us of the atmosphere of happiness and cheer outside the catacombs. Later, as they drink the Medoc, Fortunato drinks to the dead and buried, not realizing that he is about to join them, and Montresor wryly drinks to Fortunato?es health.（1） 精确的时间与地点减少了风险并使叙述者顺利实施复仇计划又免遭惩罚。（2） 在狂欢节“最疯狂活动”中

26、实施计划，很难引起人们的注意。（3） 蒙特利瑟知道弗图那多注定要死去，戏剧反讽也有很大的作用。弗图那多并不知道他的行为意味着什 么造成了戏剧性反讽。故事发生的背景也颇具讽刺意味。蒙特利瑟选择在狂欢节实施他的复仇计划是因为没人会注意 到发生了什么o而弗图那多自己穿着小丑的衣服，以及小丑的铃声使我们想起狂欢节欢快的气氛外面以及地下酒窖外的 欢呼声。当他们喝梅多科酒时，弗图那多并没意识到死亡正向他逼近，蒙特利瑟报复计划就要得逞。2.2课后习题详解1. Who is the narrator? What wrong does he want to redress? Montresor is the n

27、arrator. He had borne thousand of injuries of Fortunato as best he could, and he decides to take revenge on him. He must not only punish Fortunato but with impunity.2. What is the pretext he uses to lure Fortunato to his wine cellar? He said to Fortunato that he got a pipe of Amontillado, and he was

28、 doubt about it, so he wanted someone to make sure for him. At the same time, he deliberately showed his doubts about Fortunatofes connoisseurship in wine and cared about his health, which firmed Fortunatoecs decision to go with him to his wine cellar.3. What happens to Fortunato in the end? He was

29、locked in the cellar by Montresor, and can only wait for death.4. Describe briefly how Poe characterizes Montresor and Fortunato as contrasts? Poe characterizes the two characters with striking contrasts between them in many aspects. Firstly, their names are endowed with opposite symbolic meanings: Montresor symbolizes monstrous, while For