高考英语书面表达题技巧突破指南Microsoft Word 文档 7文档格式.docx

1、06、07年陕西、福建等省采取议论文的形式。写信。05、06、07年全国大部分省要求写书信，运用的时态多是一般现在时态，间或使用一般过去时态。写日记。写日记一般是叙述过去的事情，所以句子多是一般过去时态，如1998年的记叙到农场的参观活动的书面表达。写一篇短文，记叙一件事的发生过程。如2000年的描绘一起交通事故的过程，写作时多运用一般过去时。看图作文应注意的问题：仔细观察几幅图画，弄清故事的开头和结尾，理清事件的发展过程；确定好表达要点，要点不仅仅体现在图画中，还体现在所给题目要求的文字中。（三） 书面表达的基本技巧及范例1、 基本技巧（1）首先要认真审题。读懂题目所给信息，初步确定要点内容

2、，并可用序号标出以免遗忘。（2）列提纲使要点条理化、序化，统筹安排布局。（3）勿要直译，需意译。尤其对看图情景作文要构建完整故事结构，不可逐句罗列了事。（4）要刻意把好语言关。要使用自己最熟悉的句型结构和词语，力求文理通顺，语言准确。没有把握的词语不要写，确有把握的可以锦上添花。（5）遇到一时想不起的词语，要学会变通。可用同义词、近义词代替，也可以用否定词加反义词来表达，亦可变换句式。不可钻牛角尖，更不能生造词语，汉化表达。（6）尝试用较复杂的语言结构（复合句、非谓语动词、强调句等）和连接词，使文章语言丰富多变，层次分明。（7）注意保持卷面整洁，书写工整清楚。书写的好坏会直接影响到阅卷老师的情

3、绪。（8）最后应注意复查全文。看内容要点有无遗漏，标点、格式、大小写是否规范，是否有语病等。2、经典范例（NMET2001）假设你是李华，你的澳大利亚朋友Dick听说中国的中小学正在减轻学生的学习负担，来信询问有关情况。请你根据下表提供的信息，写一封回信，谈一谈减负给你的学习和生活带来的变化。周末活动（减负前）周末活动（减负后）白天：上课、做作业参观博物馆、学习电脑、绘画等晚上：做作业看新闻、读书、看报就寝时间：11:3010:注意：1、词数100左右。2、开头已为你写好。生词：reduce learning load 减轻学习负担Dear Dick,How nice to hear from

4、 you again.Best wishes,Li Hua解析 NMET2001年高考书面表达试题要求考生根据表格形式提供的情景用英语写一篇100个单词左右的书信，给澳大利亚的朋友Dick介绍减负给自己学习和生活带来的变化。写作过程中所需要的生词以给出，短文的开头也已经为考生写好。写作过程：a） 认真审题，明确要求。由汉语提示可知，应用第一人称完成短文；在写作过程中，要突出减负给学生学习和生活带来的便利；要根据表格中的中文提示，写成一篇行文连贯，条理清楚的文章，而不宜将表格中的中文直译成英语。b） 审视表格，列出要点。1 过去忙于上课、做作业；2 现在有时间参观博物馆、学习电脑、绘画等；3 现

5、在有时间看新闻、读书，看报；4 不必再熬夜。c） 依据要点，编拟提纲。1 I used to have to do endless homework and attend classes even at weekends.2 Now I have more free time to read books, visit museums and so on.3 In the evenings I can watch news on TV or read newspapers.4 I can go to bed earlier. （4）按照文体，组织语篇。One possible version:H

6、ow nice to hear from you again. You want to know what is going on in schools in China. In short, things have begun to improve since schools were called on to reduce learning load. I dont know about others, but I used to have to work even at weekends doing endless homework and attending classes as we

7、ll. Now I have more free time. I can follow my own interests such as reading books, visiting museums, and taking computer lessons. In the evenings I can watch news on TV or read newspapers. Whats more, I can go to bed earlier. As far as I know, everyone is happy about this new arrangement of things.

8、（四）解书面表达题必要的知识储备从知识储备的角度来说，我认为解书面表达题除了具备必要的词汇量、一定的语法知识和语言组织能力外，还要着重注意以下两点：1. 掌握下面几种常见的英文文体的格式（1） 书信格式示例： Dear Laura, How are you getting on now ? Yours, Zhou Lan（2） 通知格式示例： 书面通知NOTICE In order to arouse the students interest in learning English, the Students Union has decided to set up an English Cl

9、ub with the help of the teachers of English. Students UnionNovember 9,2004口头通知Boys and girls, May I have your attention, please ? I have an announcement to make. The Students Union is going to hold a party on Sunday evening, November 12th,to welcome our friends from the United States. Thats all. Tha

10、nk you !（3） 致词（speech）格式示例：欢迎词Ladies and gentlemen/ Mr. President/etc, Welcome to Thats all. Thank you!欢送词Dear friends, Good luck to /Goodbye, dear friends.（4） 议论文 主体时态：一般现在时 人称：一、三人称 应注意的问题：V+ s/es 模板：陈述双方各自的理由及观点 第一段：Topic aboutis becoming more and more popular/ We have had a heated discussion abo

11、ut whether/ There are two sides of opinion about it 第二段：（一方理由）Some students prefer to do/say /think/are in favour of They think（理由一）. Whats more（理由二）.Moreover（理由三）. （另一方理由）However/On the other hand/On the contrary others believeis a better choice （are against）. To begin with, （理由一） Next（理由二）. In add

12、ition/Besides（理由三）. 第三段：（个人观点）In my opinion（view）, /Personally/As far as I can see/As far as Im concerned/To my knowledge（总结 In one word/In brief/In general Its clear/obvious that.）2006陕西卷暑假即将来临。你班同学讨论了假期计划，提出了不同看法，请根据提示写一篇有关讨论的英语短文，并谈谈你的看法。优点缺点呆在家中花费少，舒适方便不能亲身了解外界外出旅游增长见识，开阔眼界花费多，旅途不便1.短文写在答题卡上的指定区

13、域，词数80-120（不含已写好部分）。2.短文必须包括表中所列要点，可根据内容分段表述。3.可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。4.参考词汇：眼界horizon（或view） One Possible VersionThe summer holiday is coming. Our class have had a discussion about whatto do during the holiday. Some are in favor of staying at home. They think its both convenient and comfortable. Whats more

14、, they can save money for other purposes. But they will lose the chance of getting to know the outside world. However, others prefer to go out for traveling since it can increase their knowledge and broaden their horizons. But they will spend more money and meet some difficulties while traveling.In

15、my opinion, it would be much better to stay at home, for I can do what I like, such as reading books, watching TV, and helping my parents with the housework.（5）说明文模板：今昔对比在做今昔对比时，要注意时态的变化。谈到过去时的情况用过去时；谈到现在的情况用现在时态。注意动词的第三人称以及动词的过去式（特别是不规则动词的过去式）。第一段：（提出发生的变化）Great changes have taken place insince the

16、 opening up and reform/Things have begun to improve since第二段：（对比：即可采取集中比较，也可采取逐点比较的方法）used to dobut nowIn the pastbut nowOnce but now在比较时，为了避免句型重复，可适当变换句式。Another change is What impressed me most is thatWhats more/Moreover第三段：（结尾）In short,/In one wordOur village has taken on a new look.2006广东卷根据以下图画

17、，写一篇英语短文，描述今昔通讯方式的变化，以及这些变化给人们生活带来的影响。1词数：100左右2生词：通讯：communicate（with sb）munication n 互联网：the Internet n.Great changes have taken place in the way of communication in peoples life in recent years.In the past, people kept in touch with each other mainly by writing letters or using the public telepho

18、ne. But now almost everyone has his own mobile phone. People can communicate with each other almost at any place and at any time. Whats more, people have easy access to the Internet, which enables them to send and receive e-mails whenever they like. With these changes, peoples pace of life has been

19、quickened and peoples work has been made more efficient. It used to take several days to hear from each other, but now it takes only several minutes, even if they are in two different continents. In a word, people have an easier life nowadays.2.了解下面一些可能在英语书面表达中使用的重要句型1）以形式主语it引导的有关句型 （1）“It is/was +

20、被强调的部分+that（who）+剩余的部分.”例如： It wasnt until he came back that I went to bed. 直到他回来我才睡觉。（一定要注意强调句型中谓语动词否定的转移和形式） It was because he was ill that he didnt come to school today. 只因为他有病了今天没有来上学。（只能用because而不能用for, as或since） It is I who am a student. 我确实是个学生。 （2）“It happened （chanced） that +clause.= sb hap

21、pened /chanced to do sth.= sb. did sth. by chance. 例如： It happened that he was out when I got there. 当我到那儿时，碰巧他不在。= He happened to be out when I got there. = It chanced that he was out when I got there. =He was out by chance when I got there. （3） “It seems that sb. do / doing /have done /had done .

22、= sb. seems to do /to be doing /to have done /had done.” （还有动词appear可这样使用） It seemed that he had been to Beijing before. 好像他以前去过北京。=He seemed to have been to Beijing before. （4）“It is high time （time /about time）（that）主语+should do /did+其它”（注意句中的谓语动词用的是虚拟语气） It is high time that we should go /went ho

23、me. 我们该回家了。 （5）“It is /was said （reported） that+从句。”例如： It was said that he had read this novel. 据说他读过这本小说。=He was said to have read this novel.（6）“It is impossible /necessary /strange+that-从句。”（从句中的谓语用should do /should have done，其形式是虚拟语气） 例如： It is strange that he should have failed in this exam. 真

24、奇怪，他这次考试没及格。 （7）“It is /was a pity /a shame+that-clause.） （注意从句中的谓语动词用should do 或 should have done 的形式,但should可以省略） 例如： He didnt come back until the film ended. It was a pity that he should have missed this film. 他直到电影结束才回来。真可惜他没有看到这部电影。 （8）“It is suggested /ordered/commanded/+that-clause.” （从句的谓语动词

25、用should do ,但should可以省略）例如： It is suggested that the meeting should be put off. 有人建议推迟会议。 （9）“It is /was +表示地点的名词+where-从句.” （注意本句型不是强调句型，而是以where引导的定语从句） 例如： It was this house where I was born. 请比较：It was in this house that I was born. （此为强调句型） （10）“It is /was +表时间的名词+when-从句。”（注意when引导定语从句）例如： It

26、was 1999 when he came back from the United States. 请比较：It was in 1999 that he came back from the United States. （此为强调句型） （11）“It is well-known that +从句” 例如： It is well-known that she is a learned woman. 众所周知，她是个知识渊博的妇女。 （12）“It is +段时间+since +主语+did.”/ “It was +段时间+since+主语+had done.” 例如： It is five

27、 years since he left here. 他已经离开这儿五年了。 It was five years since he had left here. 他已经离开这儿五年了。 （13） “It +谓语+段时间+before+主语+谓语.” （before引导的是时间状语从句） 例如：It wasnt long before the people in that country rose up. 没有多久哪个国家的人民就起义了。 It will be three hours before he come back. 三小时之后他才能回来。 （14）“It is +形容词+for + sb.