浙江农林大学博士入学考试英语.docx

1、浙江农林大学博士入学考试英语2014年博士学位研究生入学考试试题考试科目: 英语 满分：100分 考试时间：180分钟Part I Vocabulary and Structure (15 points, point each)Directions: For each of the following sentences there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one answer that best completes the sentence. 1. The patient has been _ of the safe

2、ty of the operation. A. guaranteed B. assured C. entrusted D. confirmed2. Some teenagers harbour a generalized resentment against society, which _ them the rights and privileges of adults, although physically they are mature. A. deprives B. restricts C. rejects D. denies3. When travelling, you are a

3、dvised to take travellers checks, which provide a secure _ to carrying your money in cash. A. substitute B. selection C. preference D. alternative4. The manager gave one of the salesgirls an accusing look for her _ attitude toward customers. A. impartial B. mild C. hostile D. opposing5. Christmas is

4、 a Christian holy day usually celebrated on December 25th _ the birth of Jesus Christ. A. in accordance with B. in terms of B. in favor of D. in honor of6. No one imagined that the apparently _ businessman was really a criminal. A. respective B. respectable C. respectful D. receptacle7. In some part

5、s of the world the indigenous population has been completely _. A. wiped up B. wiped out C. wiped away D. wiped off8. _ the invention of the steam engine, most forms of transport were horse-drawn. A. Akin to B. Prior to C. In addition to D. With reference to 9. Because his workplace was so busy and

6、noisy, he longed most of all for _. A. loneliness B. association C. solitude D. irrelevancy10. Because Mark needed to pass the exam, he made studying a _ over watching his favorite television show. A. priority B. conformity C. perplexity D. concept11. The record of the past is always incomplete, and

7、 the historians who write about it _ reflect the preoccupations of their own time. A. bound to B. inevitably C. indispensably D. justifiably12. Man is a _ animal, and much more so in his mind than in his body: he may like to go alone for a walk, but he hates to stand alone in his _. A. conceited . v

8、anity B. solitary . thoughts C. gregarious . opinions D. special . uniqueness13. He says he would write an English course book if he could find a(n) _ to deal with the less interesting parts. A. accomplice B. collaborator C. spouse D. kin14. International travelers may have difficulties understandin

9、g the adjustment problems that _ them. A. amaze B. beset C. humiliate D. resurrect15. The distinctive qualities of African music were not appreciated or even _. A. deplored B. perceived C. revered D. ignored16. The spokesperson knew he had made a _ error when he prematurely announced that all of the

10、 victims had survived the accident. A. glaring B. grievous C. dazed D. furtive17. His _ for wanting to stay on as manager is to see England as the top team in the world. A. measurement B. motivation C. requirement 18. Many of the villagers rely on fishing as their _ source of income. 19. She couldnt

11、 imagine herself in any form of _ with her employer, much as she liked him. B. Fantasy C. intimacy 20. The fall in the number of deaths from heart disease is generally _ to improvements in diet. B. referred 21. Do you believe that he had killed a man with his _ hands 22. It _ me as strange that the

12、man didnt introduce himself before he spoke. A. occurred B. dawned C. impressed D. struck23. He definitely meant to be rudeit was quite _. A. spontaneous B. deliberate C. conscious D. expressive24. The lawyer told the judge that his _ did not have a criminal record. 25. Attitudes learned at home _ o

13、nto the playground. out B. carry on C. carry forward over26. Im worried about washing that shirt in case it _. C. diminishes 27. After youve signed the contract, it will be impossible to _. out up off down28. Korean newspapers only have four pages, so stories have to be very much _. the core the eff

14、ect the point be exact29. Shes bought an exercise bike to keep _. A. in effect shape session health30. The judge _ most of the police evidence, saying it was clearly fabricated. A. disposed B. declined Part II Reading Comprehension (40 points, 2 points each)Directions: There are four passages follow

15、ed by questions or unfinished statements, each with four suggested answers marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that you think is the best answer.Text A When we use a word in speech and writing, its most obvious purpose is to point to some thing or relation or property. This is the words “meaning.”

16、We see a small four-footed animal on the road and call it a “dog,” indicating that it is a member of the class of four-footed animals we call dogs. The word “dog” as we have used it there has a plain, straight-forward, “objective” meaning. We have in no way gone beyond the requirements of exact scie

17、ntific description.Let us suppose also that one grandparent of the dog was a collie, another was an Irish terrier, another a fox terrier, and the fourth a bulldog. We can express these facts equally scientifically and objectively by saying that he is a dog of mixed breed. Still we have in no way gon

18、e beyond the requirements of exact scientific description.Suppose, however, that we had called that same animal a “mongrel.” The matter is more complicated. We have used a word which objectively means the same as “dog of mixed breed,” but which also arouses in our hearers an emotional attitude of di

19、sapproval toward that particular dog. A word, therefore, can not only indicate an object, but can also suggest an emotional attitude toward it. Such suggestion of an emotional attitude does go beyond exact and scientific discussion because our approvals and disapprovals are individualthey belong to

20、ourselves and not to the objects we approve or disapprove of. An animal which to the mind of its master is a faithful and noble dog of mixed ancestry may be a “mongrel” to his neighbor whose chickens are chased by it.Once we are on the lookout for this difference between “objective” and “emotional”

21、meanings, we shall notice that words which carry more or less strong suggestions of emotional attitudes are very common and are ordinarily used in the discussion of such controversial questions as those of politics, morals, and religion. This is one reason why such controversies cannot yet be settle

22、d.There is a well-known saying that the word “firm” can be declined as follows: I am firm, thou are obstinate, he is pigheaded. That is a simple illustration of what is meant. “Firm,” “obstinate,” and “pigheaded” all have the same objective meaningthat is, following ones own course of action and ref

23、using to be influenced by other peoples opinion. They have, however, different emotional meanings: “firm” has an emotional meaning of strong approval, “obstinate” of mild disapproval, “pigheaded” of strong disapproval.In much the same way when, during the World War, thoughts were dominated by emotio

24、ns, the newspapers contrasted the spirit of our heroic boys with ruthlessness of the Huns （贬义 德国兵）, and the heroism of our troops with the enemys savagery. Now, with the more objective attitude that has been brought by the lapse of time, we can look back and see that spirit and ruthlessness are obje

25、ctively the same thing, only the one word has an emotional meaning of approval, the other of disapproval. We can see, too, that a soldier going forward under shellfire to probable death is doing the same thing whether he is a German or one of our countrymen, and that to distinguish between them by a

26、pplying the word savagery to the action of the one and heroism to that of the other is to distort reality by using words to make an emotional distinction between two actions which are objectively identical. 31. The authors point in the first three paragraphs is that _. A. there is no real difference

27、 between calling a dog a mongrel or calling it a dog of mixed breed B. “a dog of mixed breed” is an emotional term C. “mongrel” is an objective term D. words may suggest emotional attitudes as well as objective meanings32. The author maintains that _. A. in discussing scientific subjects, emotional

28、words are often used to make meanings clearer B. in discussing controversial questions, objective terms are generally used to help clarify meanings C. in discussing scientific subjects, objective terms are generally used, in order to avoid controversy D. in discussing controversial questions, emotio

29、nal terms are used very often33. The author believes that people have disagreements on many subjects partially because _. A. people have not learned how to get along with each other without conflict and argument B. words used in discussing those subjects carry emotional overtones which tend to antag

30、onize people C. words with objective meanings mean different things to different persons, and must be used carefully D. politics, morals, and religion cause controversies that cannot yet be settled34. Regarding war, the author believes that in World War I, _. A. our men showed spirit and heroism, wh

31、ile the Germans displayed ruthlessness and savagery B. although our men acted heroically, there were occasions when they were almost as ruthless as theGermans C. there was no difference at all between the actions of our soldiers and of the German ones D. at the time of the war, most people thought that bot