初中英语知识总结.docx

1、初中英语知识总结主题：初中英语知识总结短语、词组和重点句型归纳2007-08-21 17:44短语、词组归纳 由动词开头构成的短语、词组很多。复习时应分类处理：一、动词+介词1look at看， look like 看上去像， look after 照料2listen to听3welcome to欢迎到4say hello to 向问好5speak to对说话此类短语相当于及物动词，其后必须带宾语，但宾语无论是名词还是代词，都要放在介词之后。二、动词+副词“动词+副词”所构成的短语义分为两类：A动词（vt.）+副词1put on 穿上 2take off脱下 3write down记下此类短语

2、可以带宾语，宾语若是名词，放在副词前后皆可；宾语若是人称代词，只能放在副词的前面。B动词（vi）+副词。1come on赶快 2get up起床 3go home回家 4come in进来 5sit down坐下 6stand up起立此类短语属于不及物动词，不可以带宾语。三、其它类动词词组1.close the door 2.1ook the same 3.go to work/class 4.be ill 5.have a look/seat 6.have supper 7.1ook young 8.go shopping 9.watch TV/games 10. play games介词

3、短语聚焦“介词+名词/代词”所构成的短语称为介词短语。现将Unitsl-16常用的介词短语按用法进行归类。1in+语言/颜色/衣帽等，表示使用某种语言或穿着。2in + Row/ Team/ Class/ Grade等，表示“在排/队/班级/年级”等。3in the morning/ afternoon/ evening/ 表示“在上午/下午/傍晚”等一段时间。4in the desk/ pencil-box/bedroom 等表示“在书桌/铅笔盒/卧室里”。5in the tree表示“在树上 (非树本身所有)”；on the tree表示“在树上(为树本身所有)”。 6in the wal

4、l表示“在墙上（凹陷进去）”；on the wall表示“在墙上（指墙的表面）”。 7at work（在工作）/at school（上学）/at home（在家）应注意此类短语中无the。8at + 时刻表示钟点。 9like this/that表示方式，意为“像这/那样”。10of短语表示所属关系。 11behind/ beside/ near/ under+ 名词等，表示方位、处所。 12from与to多表示方向，前者意为“从”，后者意为“到”。另外，以下这些短语也必须掌握。如：on duty, after breakfast, at night, at the door, in the

5、middle, in the sky, on ones bike等。重点句型大回放1I think意为“我认为”，是对某人或某事的看法或态度的一种句型。其否定式常用I dont think，2give sth. to sb./ give sb. sth. 意为“把给”，动词give之后可接双宾语，可用这两种句型；若指物的宾语是人称代词时，则只能用give it/ them to sb. 3take sb./ sth. to意为“把(送)带到”，后常接地点，也可接人。4One, the other/One isand one is意为“一个是；另一个是”，必须是两者中。5Let sb. do s

6、th. 意为“让某人做某事”，人后应用不带to的动词不定式，其否定式为Dont let sb，do sth.，或Let sb. not do sth. 另外，Lets 与Let us的含义不完全相同，前者包括听者在内，后者不包括听者在内，6help sb. (to) do sth./help sb. with sth.意为“帮助某人做某事”，前者用不定式作宾补，后者用介词短语作宾补，二者可以互换.7What about？/How about？意为“怎么样？”是用来询问或征求对方的观点、意见、看法等。about为介词，其后须接名词、代词或V-ing等形式。8Its time to do/ Its

7、 time for sth. 意为“该做的时间了”，其中to后须接原形动词，for后可接名词或V-ing形式。9like to do sth./like doing sth.意为“喜欢做某事”， 前一种句型侧重具体的一次性的动作；后一种句型侧重习惯性的动作，10ask sb.(not) to do sth. 意为“让某人(不要)做某事”，其中ask sb.后应接动词不定式，11show sb. sth. / show sth. to do. 意为“把某物给某人看”，该句型的用法同前面第2点。 12introduce sb. to sb. 意为“把某人介绍给另一人”；introduce to s

8、b.则是“向某人作介绍”。重点短语快速复习1.kinds of 各种各样的 2. eitheror或者或者，不是就是 3. neithernor既不也不4. Chinese tea without, anything in it 中国清茶5. take a seat 就坐6. home cooking 家常做法7. be famous for 因而著名8. on ones way to在途中9. be sick/ill in hospital生病住院10. at the end of在的尽头，在的末尾11. wait for 等待12. in time 及时13. make ones way

9、to往（艰难地）走去14. just then 正在那时15. first of all 首先，第一16. go wrong 走错路17. be/get lost 迷路18. make a noise 吵闹，喧哗19. get on 上车20. get off 下车21. stand in line 站队22. waiting room 候诊室，候车室23. at the head of在的前头24. laugh at 嘲笑25. throw about 乱丢，抛散26. in fact 实际上27. at midnight 在半夜28. have a good time=enjoy ones

10、elf玩得愉快29. quarrel with sb. 和某人吵架30. take ones temperature 给某人体温31. have/get a pain in某处疼痛32. have a headache 头痛33. as soon as 一就34. feel like doing sth. 想要干某事35. stopfrom doing sth. 阻止干某事36. fall asleep 入睡37. again and again再三地，反复地38. wake up 醒来，叫醒39. instead of 代替40. look over 检查41. take exercise运

11、动42. had better(not) do sth. 最好（不要）干某事43. at the weekend 在周末44. on time 按时45. out of从向外46. all by oneself 独立，单独47. lots of=a lot of 许多48. no longer/more=notany longer/more 不再49. get back 回来，取回50. sooner or later迟早51. run away 逃跑52. eat up 吃光，吃完53. run after 追赶54. take sth. with sb. 某人随身带着某物55. take(

12、good) care of=look after(well) （好好）照顾，照料56. think of 考虑到，想起57. keep a diary 坚持写日记58. leave one by oneself 把某人单独留下59. harder and harder 越来越厉害60. turn on打开（电灯、收音机、煤气等）61. turn off 关重温重点句型1So + be助动词情牵动词主语前面陈述的肯定情况也适于另一人（物）时，常用到这种倒装结构，表示“另一人（物）也如此。”前面陈述的否定情况也适于另一人（物）时，常用“Neither/ Nor + be助动词情态动词+主语”这种倒

13、装结构。注意：“So+主语+be助动词情态动词”这一句型常用于表示赞同，进一步肯定对方的看法，表示“的确如此。”“是呀。”2Turn rightleft at the firstsecondcrossing.这一指路的句型意为“在第一二个十字路口向右左拐。”相当于Take the first secondturning on therightleft. 3It takes sbsome time to do sth此句型表示“干某事花了某人一段时间。”其中的it是形式主语，后面的动词不定式（短语）才是真正的主语.4thinkfind + it + adj. + to do sth.此句型中的i

14、t是形式宾语，不可用其它代词替代，形容词作宾语的补足语，后面的动词不定式（短语）才是真正的宾语。5Whats wrong with？此句型相当于Whats the matter/ trouble with？后跟某物作宾语时，意为“某物出什么毛病了？”后跟某人作宾语时，意为“某人怎么了？”6tooto在sothat复合句中，that后的句子是否定句时，常与简单句tooto（太而不能）进行句型转换。在sothat复合句中，that后的句子是肯定句时，常与简单句enough to进行句型转换.7Sorry to hear that.全句应为Im sorry to hear that. 意为“听到此事

15、我很难过（遗憾）。”常用于对别人的不幸表示同情、遗憾之意。 重点句型、词组大盘点1. She used to be a Chinese teacher. 她过去是一位汉语老师。用法 used to + 动词原形，表示过去经常性的动作或存在的状态，含有现在不再如此之意。搭配 used to do的否定式可以是usednt to do或didnt use to do. 比较 used to do sth. 过去常做某事；be/ get used to doing sth. 习惯于做某事；be used to do sth. 被用来做某事。2.return it sooner or later.迟早

16、要将它归还。用法 l)sooner or later意为“迟早”、“早晚”。 2)return此处用作及物动词，意为“归还”，相当于give back.拓展return还可用作不及物动词，意为“返回”，相当于go back或come back。3.No matter what the weather is like无论天气用法no matter what 相当于whatever，其意为“无论什么”，引导状语从句。拓展类似no matter what的表达方式还有：no matter when无论什么时候nbsp; nbsp;nbsp;no matter where无论什么地方no matter

17、 who无论谁no matter how 无论怎么样4. A young man practised speaking English with Mr. Green. 一位年经人与格林先生练习讲英语。用法practise doing sth. 表示“实践、练习（做）某事”。拓展practice名词，“实践”、“实施”、“练习”；put a plan into practice实行某计划。5. He encouraged everyone to take part in protecting our lakes, rivers, seas and oceans. 他鼓励大家参加保护我们的湖泊、河

18、流和海洋的活动。用法1)encourage用作动词，意思是“鼓励”、“支持”。2)take part in“参加”，常表示参加活动。3)protect 是动词，表示“防御”、“保护”。搭配1)encourage sb. in sth.在某事上鼓励或支持某人nbsp;encourage sb. to do sth.鼓励某人干某事2)protect sh. from sth.使某人不受某事侵袭或伤害6. to warn people about sharks in the water. 警告人们当心水里的鲨鱼。用法 warn用作动词，意思是“警告”、“警戒”。搭配1)warn sb.+ that从

19、句2)warn sb. of sth. 警告某人某事3)warn sb. to do sth.告诫某人做某事4)warn sb. against(doing) sth.告诫某人当心某事/不要做某事初中英语重点句型110句2007-08-21 17:291、 Welcome back to eg. Welcome back to school/the factory.Welcome back home.2、 It is much better than having class3、 Some of the apples are hard to reach.4、 Work must come fi

20、rst.5、 The other students in the class keep their eyes closed例如：Dont keep your mother waitingKeep the students in/out.6、 You had better stay at home.7、 Youd better stay at hom, hadnt you?Youd better not stay at home.8、 Walk(Go) along、down the road/street, and take the first turning on the left.=Turn

21、 left at the first turning9、 We live in a place named Da Lian.10、 I like to keep busy.11、 Better late than never.12、 There was a telephone call for you.Here is a letter for you.13、 Thank a lot/very much/you for asking me to your party.14、 Which is the way to.?=How can I get to/reach/arrive in(at)/fi

22、nd.?Is there a .near here?=Where is the.?=Could you tell me the way to.?15、 Its too dangerous to cross the street.( He is too young to go to school=He isnt old enough to go to school.=He is so young that he cant go to school.)16、 the Read family= the Reads=Mr. and Mrs. Read17、 the way you speak. 18、

23、 He is on a visit to England.19、 Come out for a walk in the park.20、 I can wear it in my new hat.22、 It was a pleasure ( for me).= With pleasure.21、The book cost me five yuan.I paid five yuan for the book.23、 We wont go until we get it back again.(Wait until we come back)24、 Chocolate is good for yo

24、ur heath25、 Do you think it is good to do some housework?26、 Either mum or I cook supper.27、 Neither Dad nor my brother helps.28、 Why dont men do a bit of housework?29、 May I take your orders now?30、 Could we have the bill?31、 China is very famous for its food in the world.The poem was famous as Li

25、Bai.32、 Take the second turning on the left= Turn left at the second crossing.33、 Either (Neither) of the answers is right.34、 I like the film, and so dose he. (He likes the film. So he does.)35、 We have to get up early in the morning=We have to be up early in the morning.36、 How did he make the bab

26、y stop crying? (see ,watch, look at, notice,hear, listen to, feel ,make let ,have, help) eg. I saw her go into the house. Let me go.We noticed him come out .She was seen to go into the house.37、 He told me not to bring you anything?38、 finish+doing enjoy +doing be busy +doing practise +doing feel li

27、ke+ doing have fun doing sth. Cant help, be worth, He finished doing his homework. We are busy making some kites.We are going to have fun learning and speaking English this term.39、 stop doing sth./stop to do sth. remember doing sth./remember to do sth.forget doing sth./forget to do sth.Eg. She stop

28、ped crying. She stopped to cry.I remember posting the letter. I remember to post the letter.I forgot doing my homework. I forgot to do my homework. 40、 There are three girls walking in the park.41、 We are going to have fun learning and speaking English this term.42、 They have (get) some problems (di

29、fficulty) (in) doing sth.43、 I dont know where he comes=I dont know. Where does he come?44、 Do you know if/whether he got up early yesterday morning?= Do you know?Did he get up early yesterday morning?45、 Why dont you wait for me here? = Why not wait for me here?46、 He likes swimming in summer. He l

30、ikes to swim.47、 He found it very difficult to sleep./I think it very important to learn English well.( make,feel)48、 I little (never,) dreamt of (about) seeing you here.49、 I little (never) dreamt that I saw you here.50、 I have been to the factory. He has gone to the factory.51、 I have been in the factory for two years.52、 It takes/took/will take