最新中考英语 语法知识专题复习人教新目标版 精品.docx

1、最新中考英语 语法知识专题复习人教新目标版 精品初三英语语法知识专题复习壹、名 词一、总的来说,名词分为专有名词和普通名词两类. 专有名词：用来表示某个（些）人、地方、机构等专有名称的词。如Marx、Beijing、USA等，其中的实词第一个字母要大写。如the Great Wall等。二、名词按其所表示的事物的性质分为可数名词与不可数名词。1、可数名词（个体名词和集体名词）:（1）单数（前加a或an表“一”）; (2)复数（词尾加“-s”或“-es”）。其规则如下：A.规则变化：（1、以s、x、sh、ch结尾的，加-es / iz /; 如boxes, glasses, watches, b

2、rushes等；（2、以“辅音字母+y”结尾的，变y为i,加-es; 如families, babies, countries等；（3以f、fe结尾的，变f、fe为v,加-es; 如knives, wives, halves等；（4、以“辅音字母+o”结尾的，加-es; 如potatoes, tomatoes等，但外来词和缩写词只能加-s,如pianos, kilo(kilogram)kilos, photo(photograph)photos.而zerozeros/zeroes.(5、一般情况加-s,清辅音后发/s/，如desks, maps等，浊辅音和元音后发/z/.如apples, ho

3、lidays, boys。但houses/hauziz/, mouths/mau z/.B.不规则变化（child-children man-men woman-women policeman-policemen footfeet tooth-teeth mouse-mice）（复数名词: people police shoes public clothes）（1、单数、复数形式相同的：sheep, deer, fish, Chinese, Japanese等。国家人民语言AmericaAmericanEnglishEnglandEnglishmanEnglishFranceFrenchman

4、FrenchGermanyGermanGermanJapanJapaneseJapaneseChinaChineseChineseCanadaCanadianEnglish, French（2、表示民族、国家的名词，除Chinese, Japanese的复数不变，Englishman, Frenchman的复数变-man为-men外，其余的均在词尾加-s.如Americans, Germans, Russians, Australians(附某国、某国人、某国语言的词形联系表). (3、复合名词复数的构成方法在中心词上加-s或-es, 如：pencil-boxes.在第二个组成部分上加-s或-

5、es, 如：boy-friends, tooth-brushes等.含性别的复合词，两部分都变为复数，如：man-teachermen-teachers, woman-driverwomen-drivers.2、不可数名词（抽象名词和物质名词）：不能以数目来计算的名词。如water, meat, rice, air, food, time, work, bread等等。它们只有单数形式，不能在前面加a(an)或数词来表示一个或几个。只能用“of词组”来表达。如“五块肉”five pieces of meat，“三袋小麦”three bags of wheat，“四则新闻”four pieces

6、 of news.3、可数名词和不可数名词的转换：如：chicken, c“小鸡”，u“鸡肉”；fish, c“鱼”，u“鱼肉”，orange, c“橘子”，u“橙汁”，paper, c“试卷、论文”，u“纸张”，time, c“次数”，u“时间”等等。三、名词的所有格（含义“的”）1、基本构成方法： (1)以s结尾的名词，其所有格只加“”。如the students teacher the twins bedroom. 但以s结尾的单数名词，也可在词尾加“s”。如Rosss bag. (2)其他情况加“s”。如：Janes father，Womens Day2、其他规则：（1）并列名词的所有

7、格：共同所有,只需在最后一个名词词尾加-s,如：Kate and Joans room. 分别所有，则在每个名词词尾加-s,如Kates and Joans.（2）表示无生命的事物名词，一般用of表示所属关系。如:the map of China, the legs of the table.（3）双重所有格：用of结构与名词所有格-s结合构成双重所有格：a friend of my fathers, one book of his brothers.用of结构加名词性物主代词构成双重所有格：a pen of mine, a neighbour of his.（4）表示时间、距离、城镇、国家等

8、的名词常用-s形式：an hours walk, yesterday news, Chinas population, twenty minutes walk.（5）可用-s表示店铺、某人家：the Greens, my uncles.典例 （ ） 1.This is _ news. A.such a good B.a very good C. such good（ ）2. _ knowledge of space develops very quickly. A.Peoples B.Mans C.Mens（ ）3. The number of people invited to the pa

9、rty _ fifty, but a number of them _ absent for different reasons. A. was/were B. was /was C. were/were（ ）4. “Would you like _?” “_, please.” A. a drink/ A coffee B. drink/A cup of coffee C. a cup drink/A cup coffee（ ）5. Two thirds of the work _ done. A. are B. is C. have（ ）6.The rich _ not always ha

10、ppy. A. is B. have C. are（ ）7. She is the only one of the _ writers who _ stories for children. A. woman/writes B. women/writes C. women/write（ ）8. I met him at _. A.Mr. Greens B.the Greens C.Greens（ ）9.Playing football is _. A.a great fun B.great funs C.great fun（ ）10.The sheep on the hill _ theirs

11、. They are all white. A.is B.was C.are提高训练 一、用所给名词的正确形式填空：1.My shirt is much cheaper than _.(John) 2.The girl in red is _ (Tom and Kate)3.The _ (Brown) are watching TV now. 4.Our school is about ten _ (minute) walk.5.March 8 is _ (woman day). 6.Who won the _ (boy) 400- _ (meter) race?7.This is _ (to

12、day) newspaper. 8.There are twenty-five _ (man) workers in my factory.9.I like _ (chicken) very much. Theyre lovely. So I never eat _ (chicken).10.Although he is a thirty- _ (year old) man, you can see few _ (hair) on the head.二、根据括号中的汉语完成句子。1.Sue is _ (她的一个朋友). 2.Please pass me _ (三张报纸).3.The shop

13、sells _ (儿童图书). 4.This is _ (房间的钥匙).5._两位男同学)are from Hongkong. 6.That is a _(两百米长的)bridge.7.She is the first in _ (女子100米赛跑). 8.What colour are _(莉莉和露西的裙子).9.You can see _ (两张中国地图) on the wall _ (他们教室).10._ (女士服装) become more and more beautiful.三、下列句子均有错误,请划出并改正. 1.Toms bike is better than my broth

14、er. _2.Threr are many photoes in the room. _ 3.He drank two glass of milk that morning. _4.Five minutes walk is not so far. _ 4.There is two pieces of bread on the plate. _贰、冠词一、冠词的种类：不定冠词a(an), 定冠词the。冠词不能单独使用，必须置于名词前。二、不定冠词的用法：一般用于单数名词前，表泛指。其中a用于读音以辅音开头的词前，an用于读音以元音开头的词前。如: a basketball, a univers

15、ity, an hour, an apple.1、表示第一次提到的人或物。如：(1)I bought a new book. (2)He met an old woman on the way to school.2、表示人或物的某一类。如：(1)Im a boy. (2)Would you like an orange?3、表示数量“一”，但没有one强。如：(1)She has a pencil.(侧重pencil, 而非其他物品) (2)She has one pencil.(侧重数量“一支”，而非“两支、三支”)4、表示“每一”，相当于every。如：They go to see th

16、e old man once a week.5、用于带修饰的抽象名词之前，表示“一种”。如：Thats a great surprise to her.6、指某人或某物，但不具体说明何人、何物。如：A boy is waiting for you.7、用于固定搭配词组中。如：a lot of, a little, a piece of.三、定冠词的用法：定冠词在单复数可数名词和不可数名词前都可使用，表特指，有“this/that或these/those”之意。 1、特指某人或某物。The man under the tree is his father.2、指上文提到过的人或物。I bough

17、t a new book yesterday. The book is very useful.3、指说话双方都提到过的人或物。A: Where is the dirty sock, Tom? B: Its on the bed, mum.4、表示世界上独一无二的事物。the sun, the moon, the earth. 5、用于序数词或形容词最高级前。(1)He is the tallest boy in our class. (2)The first lesson is about English name. 6、用于姓氏复数前，表“一家人”。the Blacks, the Wang

18、s. 7、用于单数名词前，表一类人或物。The horse is a useful animal. 8、用于固定搭配中：in the morning, all the same, on the right. 9、用于专有名词前。the Great Wall, the White House.四、零冠词（不用冠词）1、三餐、球类、学科、语言前。(1)I have supper at school from Monday to Friday. (2) Maths is very important.2、季节、星期、月份、节日前。In spring, on Sunday, in September,

19、 Womens Day.3、专有名词、物质名词、抽象名词前。Japan, milk, music.4、名词前已有指示代词、物主代词、不定代词或数词作修饰语时。(1)Come this way. (2)My book is here. 5、复数名词表泛指时。Theyre students, and were workers. 6、在固定搭配中。on foot, at home/work/play, go to school, at night, at sea, in hospital.典例（ ）1.We often have sports after class, and I like to p

20、lay _ basketball. A. a B. an C. the D. 不填（ ）2.What _ fine weather we have these days! A. a B. the C. 不填 D. an（ ）3.Thats _ useful book. I have read it already. A. the B. an C. 不填 D. a（ ）4.This is _song Ive told you about. Isnt it _ beautiful one? A. the/ the B. a/ a C. the/ a D. a/ the（ ）5.Did you do

21、 well in _English exam?Yes, I got _“A”. A. the / an B. an/ the C. a/不填 D. the/ a（ ）6.What can I do for you, madam? I want _ orange skirt for my daughter. Have you got any? A. an B. the C. a D.不填（ ）7.Pass me _ dictionary next to the radio, and I also need _pen to take some notes. A. a/a B. the/the C.

22、 a/the D. the/a（ ）8.Can I help you, madam?Im looking for _ pair of shoes for my daughter. A. the B. an C. a D. some（ ）9.Mr. Smith always gives me _ hand when I am in trouble. A. a B. an C. the D. 不填（ ）10.Where is Xiao Ming? Hes having _rest over there. A. a B. an C. the D. 不填基础训练 （ ）1._ English is n

23、ot hard to learn. A.A B.The C.An D. （ ）2._ Greens will move to Shanghai. A.The B.A C. D.An（ ）3. There are twenty-four hours in _ day. A.the B. C.a D.an （ ）4. English is _ useful language. A.an B.a C. D.the（ ）5. Tom is _ honest boy. A.the B.a C.an D. （ ）6. _ cup on the table is _old one. A.The/an B.T

24、he/a C.A/an D.A/the（ ）7.You will find _ story on _ eighth page. A./the B.the/an C.a/the D.a/an （ ） 8._ rich are not always happy. A.The B.A C.An D.（ ）9._ more he eats, _ fatter he gets. A.The/a B.The/the C.A/an D.A/the（ ）10.Toms going to Nanjing by _ train. A.a B.an C.the D.（ ）11.We have _ supper at

25、 half past five. A. B.a C.an D.the（ ）12._old man had two children, _son and _ daughter. A.An/the/the B.A/a/a C.The/the/the D.The/a/a（ ）13.Both of them join _ League in 1998. They have been _ League members for 4 years.A./ B.the/ C.the/the D.a/the（ ）14.March 8th is _. A.Womens Day B.the Womens Day C.

26、a Womens Day D.Womens Day（ ）15.He is now studying _ history of _Party in _ university. A./the/a B.the/the /an C./an D.the/the/a（ ）16.Wang Fei likes swimming in _ summer. A.a B.the C. D.an 提高训练（完成句子，不必要填的地方划斜线）1.长城横卧在我国的北方。_ Great Wall lies _ _ north of our country.2.大部分中国人都喜欢火锅。_ most Chinese like _

27、 hot pot.3.这是一个关于植树的非常有趣的故事。This is _ _ story about _planting trees.4.王先生一家人正坐在桌边吃晚饭。_ _ are having _ supper at table.5.等一等，天在下雨，把伞带上。Wait _ minute. Its raining. Take _umbrella.6.他们匆匆忙忙把受伤的人送到医院。They sent _ wounded to _ hospital in _ hurry.7.快点！时间到了，把卷子交上来吧。_ _ ! _ time is up. _ _ your papers.8.躺着看书

28、对眼睛不好。Reading _ _ is bad for your eyes.9.时间就是金钱，而金钱难买时间。_ time is _money. But _money cant buy _ time.10.对不起，请再说一遍，好吗？I beg your pardon. _ you _ say it _second time?叁、代词一、人称代词人称第一人称第二人称第三人称数单数复数单、复数单数复数主格Iweyouhesheitthey宾格meusyouhimheritthem二、物主代词:有形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词两种形式。形容词性物主代词在句中相当于一个形容词，置于名词之前作定语，

29、即“形容词性物主代词+名词”；名词性物主代词具有名词的特征，即为“形容词性物主代词+名词”。在句中可作主语、宾语、表语。如：This book is mine.(mine =my book) 数单数复数单、复数单数复数形容词性myouryourhisheritstheir名词性mineoursyourshishersitstheirs三、反身代词:(含义：“自己，亲自，本人”)有人称和数的变化。在句中，常作主语、表语、宾语和同位语。（enjoy oneself=have a good time teach oneself=learn by oneself help oneself to ）单数myselfyourselfhimself herself itself复数ourselvesyourselves