英语句子成分划分公式.doc

1、英语划分句子成分（一）句子成分的定义：构成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分。句子成分有主要成分和次要成分；主要成分有主语和谓语；次要成分有表语、宾语、定语、状语、补足语和同位语。（二）主语：主语是一个句子所叙述的主体，一般位于句首。但在there be结构、疑问句（当主语不疑问词时）和倒装句中，主语位于谓语、助动词或情态动词后面。主语可由名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词、名词化的形容词和主语从句等表示。例如：one-third of the students in this class are girls.（数词）to swim in the river is a great pleasure.（不

2、定式）smoking does harm to the health.（动名词）the rich should help the poor.（名词化的形容词）when we are going to have an english test has not been decided.（主语从句）it is necessary to master a foreign language.（it作形式主语，真正的主语为后面的不定式）（三）谓语：谓语说明主语所做的动作或具有的特征和状态。动词在句中作谓语，一般放在主语之后。谓语的构成如下：1、简单谓语：由一个动词或动词短语构成。如：he practic

3、es running every morning.2、复合谓语：（1）由情态动词或其他助动词加动词原形构成。如：you may keep the book for two weeks. he has caught a bad cold. （2）由系动词加表语构成。如：we are students.our teacher of english is an american.（名词）is it yours?（代词）the weather has turned cold.（形容词）the speech is exciting.（分词）three times seven is twenty one?

4、（数词）his job is to teach english.（不定式）his hobby（爱好）is playing football.（动名词）the machine must be out of order.（介词短语）time is up. the class is over.（副词）the truth is that he has never been abroad.（表语从句）（五）宾语：宾语表示动作的对象或承爱者，一般位于及物动词和介词后面。例如： they went to see an exhibition（展览）yesterday.（名词）1how many diction

5、aries do you have? i have five.（数词）they helped the old with their housework yesterday.（名词化形容词）he pretended not to see me.（不定式短语）i enjoy listening to popular music.（动名词短语）i think（that）he is fit for his office.（宾语从句）宾语种类：（1）双宾语（间接宾语+直接宾语），例如：lend me your dictionary, please.（2）复合宾语（宾语+宾补），例如：they elect

6、ed him their monitor.（六）宾语补足语：英语中有些及物动词，除有一个直接宾语以外，还要有一个宾语补语，才能使句子的意义完整。带有宾语补足语的一般句型为：某些及物动词（如make等+宾语+宾补）。宾补可由名词、形容词、副词、不定式、分词、介词短语和从句充当。例如： his father named him dongming.（名词）they painted their boat white.（形容词）let the fresh air in.（副词）you mustnt force him to lend his money to you.（不定式短语）we saw her

7、entering the room.（现在分词）we found everything in the lab in good order.（介词短语）we will soon make our city what your city is now.（从句）（七）定语：修饰名词或代词的词、短语或从句称为定语。定语可由以下等成分表示： guilin is a beautiful city.（形容词）china is a developing country; america is a developed country.（分词）there are thirty women teachers is

8、our school.（名词）his rapid progress in english made us surprised.（代词）our monitor is always the first to enter the classroom.（不定式短语）the teaching plan for next term has been worked out.（动名词）he is reading an article about how to learn english.（介词短语）（八）状语：修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子，说明动作或状态特征的句子成分，叫做状语。可由以下形式表示：ligh

9、t travels most quickly.（副词及副词性词组）he has lived in the city for ten years.（介词短语）he is proud to have passed the national college entrance examination.（不定式短语） he is in the room making a model plane.（分词短语）wait a minute.（名词）once you begin, you must continue.（状语从句）状语种类如下：how about meeting again at six?（时间状

10、语）23二、用符号划出下列短文各句中的主语（）、谓语（）、宾语（）：i hope you are very well. im fine, but tired. right now it is the summer vacation and im helping my dad on the farm. august is the hottest month here. it is the time of year for the rice harvest, so every day i work from dawn until dark. sometimes we go on working a

11、fter dark by the lights of our tractors. we grow rice in the south of the states, but in the north where it is colder they grow wheat. we have a lot of machines on the farm. although the farm is large, my dad has only two men working for him. but he employs more men for the harvest. my brother takes

12、 care of the vegetable garden. it doesnt often rain in the summer here. as a result, we have to water the vegetable garden. every evening we pump water from a well. it then runs along channels to different parts of the garden.三、用符号划出下列短文各句中的定语（）、状语（）、补语（）：most saturday evenings there is a party, eve

13、n at harvest time. these parties often make us very happy. we cook meat on an open fire outside. its great! americans eat a lot of meat too much in my opinion. some of my friends drink beer. i dont, because i have to drive home after the party. in your letter you asked about the time in different ar

14、eas of the states. there are five different time areas in the states. in my state we are fourteen hours behind beijing time. how many different time areas do you have in china? well, i must stop and get some sleep. please give my best regards to your parents.4篇二：英语句子成分划分详解grammar of unit 1 different

15、 parts of a sentence概念句子是由词按照一定的语法结构组成的。组成句子的各个部分叫做句子的成分。句子的成分包括：主语、谓语、表语、宾语（直接和间接宾语）、宾语补足语、定语和状语。主语和谓语是句子的主体部分（在英语中，一般句子必须有主语和谓语），表语、宾语和宾语的补足语是谓语里的组成部分。其他成份如定语和状语是句子的次要成分。 句子成分分类1主语主语是谓语讲述的对象，表示所说的“是什么”或“是谁”。一般由名词、代词、不定代词或相当于名词的单词或短语来充当，也有从句充当的现象。大多数主语都在句首。如： 讲述“谁”讲述“什么”the classroom is very big.数词

16、作主语three are enough. 三个人就够了不定式作主语to operate on the blind is one of the orbis doctors job. 从句作主语what we need is food. 我们最需要的是食物. 在“there be ”句型中，主语的位置在中间。如： 在个别句型中，主语在整个句子后面，这时前面用it作形式主语。如：it is very interesting.it took two workers about three months 2谓语谓语时用来说明主语“做什么”、“是什么”或“怎么样”，3表语表语说明主语“是什么”或“怎么样”

17、，由名词、形容词、介词、副词、不定式及相当于名词的词或短语来充当，它的位置在系动词后面。形容词作表语名词作表语副词作表语介词短语作表语不定式作表语动名词作表语从句作表语4宾语宾语是动作、行为的对象，由名词、代词、不定式、或相当于名词的词或短语或从句来充当，它和谓语动词一起说明主语是什么，通常放在谓语动词后面。有时，会有双宾语。如：名词作宾语 代词做宾语 不定式作宾语 动名词作宾语 从句做宾语i believe that they can finish the work in time.直接宾语和间接宾语及物动词作谓语时，后面要跟宾语，宾语分直接宾语和间接宾语。直接宾语是及物动词的对象。但有些动

18、词除了直接宾语外，还需要有一个间接宾语，间接宾语表语动作是对谁做的，所以只能用名词或代词来充当。如： 主谓 间宾 直宾间接宾语可以放在直接宾语后面，但必须加to 或 for。5宾语的补足语在英语的句子中有些句子里只有宾语并不能表达完整的意思，还必须在宾语后面加上宾语的补足语才能表达完整的意思。我们把“宾语宾语补足语”合起来称为复合宾语。复合宾语所表达的意思相当于一个巨资的意思。名词、动词、形容词、副词、介词短语、不定式、现在分词、过去分词都可以作宾语补足语.如:名词作宾补if you let me go, ill make you king.形容词作宾补dont make your hands

19、 dirty.副词作宾补we found li ming out when we arrived.介词短语作宾补make yourself at home.省略to的不定式作宾补i saw a girl go into the building.带to的不定式作宾补the boy ordered the dog to lie down.现在分词作宾补the boss kept them working all day.过去分词作宾补yesterday he got his leg broken.在英语中,常见的“宾语宾语补足语”的结构有：“宾语+名词”。常用于改结构的动词有：call, nam

20、e, make, find, choose, think, leave等。we call him jack.they made li lei their monitor.“宾语+形容词”。常见的动词有think, believe, leave, drive, make, keep, turn, wish, want等。如：do you think his idea wrong?we must keep our classroom clean.we cant leave him alone.can you get everything ready for the party before fri

21、day?“宾语+副词”。副词作宾补常表示宾语的状态，与宾语有逻辑上的主表关系。常见的副词有：down, up, here, there, home, in, out, anywhere等。如：let him in/ out.mr. li drove us home.when got there, we found him out.“宾语+介词短语”。介词短语作宾补常表示其逻辑主语（即宾语）所处的状态，两者有主表的关系。如：we found everything in good order.we regard him as our good friend.he opened the door a

22、nd found some of his friends in the rain.“宾语+不定式”。充当宾补的不定式有三种：a 要求带to的不定式the cool water of the lake invited us to swim.b 要求不带to 的不定式 let, make, see, hear, watch等 the boss made the workers work 12 hours a day.i often hear him read english in his room.c 单词help 后可加 to 或不加 toshe sometimes helps her moth

23、er (to) do housework. “宾语+现在分词”。现在分词作宾补，此时在该句型中的宾语即为现在分词逻辑上的主语，有着主谓关系。i saw them playing on the playground.i heard mary singing in the classroom.“宾语+过去分词”。宾语和宾补之间是被动关系，过去分词表示被动和完成。i had my bike stolen.the teacher explained again and again to make himself understood. 形式宾语形容词we found it impossible to

24、get there before saturday. 宾语+what 从句call me what you like.篇三：英语句子成分分析句子成分分析句子成分分析法是从句法结构的关系意义出发，对句子作成分功能或作用分析的方法，即用各种方法标出基本成分（主语、谓语、宾语）和次要成分（状语、补语）。 可以按照 这个公式：状语，（定语）主语状语谓语补语（定语）宾语 谓前为状谓后补 句子有六个成分：主语、谓语、宾语、补语、定语、状语。主语：一个句子的发生动作的主体 ，是句子里被陈述的对象，谓语：是用来陈述主语的。在一般情况下，主语在前，谓语在后。谓语一般是动词充当 宾语：表示动作发生，支配的对象，并

25、且总是处在动词的后头。举个例子 我吃饭 我是主语 吃是谓语 饭是宾语定语： 是名词性词语的修饰成分一般是形容词充当， 修饰主语和宾语。状语：表时间、地点、状态、方位等等的限制补充的成分，是动词性、形容词性词语的修饰成分。补语：补充说明宾语的，是动词形容词后面的补充成分。1. 主语名词作主语english is very important. 英语是很重要的。the students all love their english teacher. 这些学生都爱他们的英语老师。代词作主语they go to school by bus. 他们乘公共汽车上学。动名词作主语watching tv to

26、o much is bad for your eyes. 看电视太多对你的眼睛是有害的。 its no use regretting it. 后悔是无用的。动词不定式(短语)作主语to see is to believe. 眼见为实。it is very hard to get to sleep. 入睡很难。2. 谓语谓语必须由动词充当，但动词不定式、动名词、分词为非谓语动词不能作谓语。可作谓语的动词一般为行为动词(表动作)和连系动词(表状态)，行为动词根据其后是否可直接接宾语，又可分为及物动词和不及物动词。及物动词作谓语we should help each other. 我们应该互相帮助。

27、they respect one another. 他们互相尊重(对方)。all of the students like the novel. 所有这些学生都喜欢这本小说。did you see many people there? 你在那儿看见许多人了吗?不及物动词作谓语he left here yesterday. 他昨天离开这儿。youre driving too fast. 你开车开得太快了。the teacher came in, book in hand. 老师走进教室，手里拿着书。he went abroad in the september of 1988. 他于1988年9

28、月出国。连系动词表状态he is an excellent teacher. 他是位优秀的教师。her son is a friend of ours. 她的儿子是我们的朋友。ours is a great country. 我们的国家是一个伟大的国家。the box itself is not so heavy. 箱子本身并不重。3. 表语表语与连系动词连用，构成系表结构，说明主语的身份或特征，一般由形容词、名词、动名词、动词不定式、分词等充当。如：they are brother and sister. 他们是兄妹。what i want to say is this. 我想说的就是这点。

29、her father is sixty-five. 她父亲65岁。john is captain of the team. 约翰是足球队的队长。the poor boy was myself. 那个可怜的孩子就是我自己。the ones who really want it are ourselves. 真正想要它的是我们自己。all you need do is to take a taxi from the airport. 你只需从机场打个的即可。my favourite sport is swimming. 我最喜爱的运动是游泳。4. 宾语宾语是行为动作的对象，一般可分为动词宾语和介词

30、宾语，充当宾语的可以是名词、代词、动名词、动词不定式或整个句子。如：i like chinese food. 我喜欢中国菜。i bought a ticket for milan. 我买了一张去米兰的车票。i enjoyed talking to you. 我和你谈话很高兴。have you finished dressing? 你衣服穿好了吗?he certainly did not want to join them. 他确实不想参加他们的活动。they decided to close the border. 他们决定封闭边境。we expected that you would sta

31、y for a few days. 我们预计你会待几天的。5. 定语定语为句子的次要成分，起修饰限制名词或代词的作用，可分为前置定语和后置定语。一般由形容词性物主代词、数词、形容词、副词、介词短语、动词不定式、分词(短语) 或句子充当。his father is a doctor. 他父亲是一名医生。mr. green has two sons. 格林先生有两个儿子。the girl under the tree is kate. 在树底下的那个女孩是凯特。the man downstairs couldnt sleep well. 楼下的那个人不能睡好觉。i bought a new dictionary. 我买了本新字典。can you find out the answer to the question？你能找到这个问题的答案吗？would you like something to drink? 你想要些喝的东西吗？a barking dog seldom bites. 吠狗很少咬人。a man going to die is always kind-hearted. 人之将死，其言也善。do you kno