人教版英语八年级上各单元知识点.docx

1、人教版英语八年级上各单元知识点 不定代词有 all, each, both, either, neither, one, none, little, few, many, much, other, another,some, any, no, (a) few, (a) little, both, enough, every 等，以及由 some, any, no 和 every 构成的合成代词 (即 somebody, anyone, nothing 等)。在这些不定代词中， 多数都能作主语、 宾语、表语或定语，但是代词 none 以及由 some, any, no 和 every 构成的合成

2、代词只能作主语、宾语或表语，不能作定语，而 no 和 every 则只用作定语。复合不定代词：由 some，any，no，every 加上-body,-one,-thing 构成的不定代词，叫做复合不定代词。something 某物，某事anybody = anyone任何人Everythingis made of elements.任何东西都是元素构成的。 （作主语）I havenothingto say toady.我今天没什么可讲的。 （作宾语）Thatsnothing.没什么。（作表语）（3）代替与-thing 构成的复合不定代词， 用 it ；代替与-body, -one 构成的复合

3、不定代词，一般用 they ，在正式文体中可用 he。to do, dont they ？（2）something 和 anything 的区别与 some 和 any 的区别一样，前者一般用于肯定句，后者一般用于 否定句 、疑问句 或条件状语从句 中。We cant decideanythingnow.我们现在不能作什么决定。 （否定句）If you want anything, call me.你要是需要什么可以给我打电话。 （条件状语从句）（3）复合不定代词被定语所修饰时， 形容词 或不定式等 其他定语则须放在它们的后面。There is nothingwrong with the ma

4、chine. 这机器没出什么毛病。 （形容词）This is somethingspecial . 这是种特别的东西。 （形容词）Is there anythingimportant in todays newspaper?今天报纸上有什么重要消息吗？ （形容词）除与-thing 构成的复合不定代词外， 即 everyone 、everybody 、someone ，somebody都有所有格形式； 当其后有 else 时，s要加在 else 后面。如： That must be somebodyelse scoat; it isn t min那e.一定是别人的外衣，不是我的。 everyon

5、e=everybody,只指人，不能与 of 短语连用；与 some- ，any- 构成的复合不定代词的用法与 some, any 的用法相同。与 any- 构成的复合不定代词一般用于 否定句或疑问句 中，notany - 构成完全否定 ，但没有 any- not的说法；与 some- 构成的复合不定代词用于 肯定句 、预料作肯定回答的疑问句 、建议 或请求的疑问句中taste + adj. 尝起来 look+adj. 看起来 smell 闻起来 sound 听起来 feel 感觉起来taste deliciouslook beautifulsmell terrible sound wonde

6、rful feel comfortable /tired /bored/it is + adj. + for sb. +to do sth对某人来说做 怎么样tell sb. (not) to do sth. 告诉某人（不要）做某事 ask sb. (not) to do sth. 要求某人（不要）做某事4. start doing sth = start to do sth. 开始，可与 begin 互换 。He started doing his 1)创办，开办： He started a new bllkshop last month.2)机器开动： I cant start my ca

7、r.Youre walking much too fast.分辨三者的口诀： too much, much too, 用法区别看后头： much 后接不可数， too 后修饰形或副。twice a month 每月两次use the Internet 用互联网stay up late熬夜；睡得很晚课have dance and piano lessons上舞蹈课和钢琴sb. spend time / money on sth.在某方面花费时间the most popular 最受欢go to the dentist 去看牙医 How about? .怎么样？/ 好不好？How many+可数名

8、词复数 +一般疑问句？ 有多Its+ adj.+ to do sth. 做某事的 的。Whats your favorite?你最喜爱的 是什Whichdo you like best? 你最喜欢1. how often 多久一次，用来提问动作发生的频率。回答用： once ，twice, three times 等词语。2. How come？ 怎么会？ 怎么回事？表示某件事情很奇怪，有点想不通；可单独使用，也可引导一个问句， 相当于疑问句 why, 但 how come 开头的特殊疑问句使用的仍然是陈述语序。How come Tom didn t come to the party? =

9、Why didn t Tom come to the party?3. stay up late 指“熬夜到很晚，迟睡” 。 Dont stay up late next time.stay up 指“熬夜，不睡觉” 。 He stayed up all night to write his story.4. go to bed 强调“上床睡觉”的动作及过程， 但人不一定睡着。I went to bed at eleven lastnight.go to sleep 强调“入睡，睡着，进入梦乡”。 She was so tired that she went to sleep soon.5.

10、find + 宾语 +名词, 发现 ： We have found him (to be) a good boy.find + 宾语 + 形容词， 发现： He found the room dirty.find + 宾语 + 现在分词， 发现 ： I found her standing at the door.6. percent 百分数， 基数词 + percent ： percent 没有复数形式，作主语时，根据所修饰Dont be afraid of asking question. -How often do you get up?I will go to Shanghai som

11、etime next week. -When will you go to Shanghai next week?some times 名词词组， 几次，几倍。其中 time 是可数名词， 对它提问用 how many times.-How many times have you read the story?-How long will you stay here?a sa s与一样look after 照顾 take care of 照顾the most important 最重要的bring out 使显现； 使表现出be talented in music 有音乐天赋be good w

12、ith 善于与 相处want to do sth.想要做某事 adv. 不过，可是，然而，常用于句末，用逗号隔开。大多数形容词和副词有三个等级： 1）原级（不作比较），修饰词 very,so,too,pretty,really；2）比较级，表示“较 ”或“更 ”的意思（两者之间进行比较） , 标志词 than,A or B,ofthe two, 修饰词 much,a lot,a little ；3）最高级，表示“最 ”的意思（三者或三者以上作比较），形容词最高级前面一般要加定冠词 the，后面可带 in（of）短语来什么比较的范围。形容词和副词的比较级和最高级规则变化：a s(原级)as与一样

13、 not as/soas 不如Liming is as tall as Jim. Jack runs as fast as Tom.Lily is not as/so tall as Lucy. =Lily is shorter than Lucy.Unit4 Whats the best movie theater? around the world 世界各地；全世界all kinds of各种各样的make up 编造（故事、谎言等）takeseriously认真对待 give sb. sth.给某人某物serious more/less seriousactive - more acti

14、veathletic -more athletichardworking more/ less ( get up ) early - earlierlate - later( feel )good - ( feel )betterseriously -more seriouslyUnit5 Do you want to watch a game show?interesting information 有a symbol ofhope to do sth.希望做How about doing?He has two brothers, one is a teacher, the other is

15、 a doctor.There are forty students in our class. twenty-one are girls, the other nineteen areboys.the others 特指某一范围内的其他的（人或物），是 the other 的复数形式，相当于 theother+ 复数名词。 the other + 复数名词 = any other + 名词单数。例：You two stay here, the others go with me.I don t like this one. Please show me another one. to, 表示

16、“碰巧 , ” .I expected that I ll come back next Monday.7. serious a. 严肃的，认真的。 He is a serious man.be serious about sb/sth. 对某人/ 某事当真Peter is serious about Jenny. He wants to get married to her.be serious about doing sth. 对某事当真 _Hes serious about selling his house.be sure about对有把握the meaning of的意思hardl

17、y ever 几乎不；很少practice doing 练习做某事finish doing sth.做完某事promise to do sth. 许诺去 help sb. to do sth.帮助某人做某事做某事remember to do sth. 记住做某事want to do sth.想要做某事agree to do sth.同意love to do sth.喜爱做某事1 promise vt. 保证，许诺。有三种结构：1)promise to do sth.2) promise sb. sth._My mother promised to buy a piano for me._ My

18、 aunt promised me a bike.3) promise + that 从句_ Tom promises that he can return on time.promise n. 允诺， 诺言 make a promiseLily is a dishonest girl. She never keeps a promise.2.when 与 while 的区别：when 表示“当, 时候”，既指时间点，又指一段时间， when 引导的时间状语从句中的动词可以是终止性的也可以是延续性的。 Whenthe teacher camein, the students were talk

19、ing.When she arrives, I ll call you.while 表示“当, 时候”，仅指一段时间，从句中的 动作必须是延续性的，一般强调主从句的动作同时发生 ， while 还可以作并列连词，意为“ 而、却”，表示对比关系。Lisa was singing while her mother was playing piano.Tom is strong while his younger brother is week.3. practice vt.练习， 后接名词，代词或 v-ing 作宾语。Your elder sister is practicingplaying t

20、he guitar in the room.常跟 v-ing 作宾语的动词有：考虑建议盼原谅： consider, suggest/advise, look forward to, excuse, pardon.承认推迟没得想： admit, delay/put off, fancy.避免错过继续练： avoid, miss, keep/keep on, practice.否认完成能欣赏： deny, finish, enjoy, appreciate.不禁介意与逃亡： can t help , mind, escape.不准冒险凭想象： forbid, risk, imagine.4. ev

21、eryday 与 every day 区别everyday adj. 每天的 在句中作定语，位于名词前。 This is our everyday homework.every day 副词短语， 在句中作状语，位于句首或句末。 He reads books every day.be going to 的用法1）be going to + 动词原形表示将来的打算、计划或安排。常与表示将来的next year 等时间状语或 when 引导的时间状语从句连用。各种句式变换都借助成，be 随主语有 am, is, are 的变换，going to 后接动词原形。tomorrow,be 动词完肯定句：

22、 主语 + be going to + 动词原形 + 其他。He is going to take the bus there.否定句： 主语 + be not going to + 动词原形 + 其他 I m not going to see my friendsthis weekend.一般疑问句： Be + 主语 + going to + 动词原形 + 其他肯定回答： Yes, 主语 + be.否定回答： No, 主语 + be not.Are you going to see your friends this weekend? Yes ,I am. / No, I特殊疑问句： 疑问词

23、 + be + 主语 + going to + 动词原形 + 其他？What is he going to do this weekend? When are you going to see your friends?2) 如果表示计划去某地，可直接用 be going to + 地点m not.We are going to Beijing for a holiday.3) 表示位置移动的动词，如 go , come, leave 等常用进行时表示将来。10 The bus is coming.My aunt is leaving for Beijing next week.4) be g

24、oing to 与 will 的区别： 对未来事情的预测用“ will + 动词原形”表达， will 没有人称和数的变化，变否定句要在 will 后面加 not, 也可用 will 后面加 not, 或者缩略式 wont, 变一般疑问句将will 提至 句首。Will planes be large in the future?Yes, they will. / No, they wont.will 常表示说话人相信或希望要发生的事情，而 be going to 指某事肯定发生，常表示事情很快就要发生。 I believe Lucy will be a great doctor. 陈述将来的

25、某个事实用 will.I will ten years old next year.表示现在巨大将来要做的事情用 will.I m tired I will go to bed. 表示意愿用 will. I ll tell you the truth. 表示计划、打算要做的事情用 be going to, 而不用 will.I m going to buy a computer this month.-Let s discuss the plan, shall we? -Not now. I _ to an interview.A. go-Jack is busy packing luggag

26、e. -Yes. He _for America on vacation.A. leaves B. left C. is leaving D. has been awayUnit 7 Will people have robots?on paper live to be 200 years old free timeon the earth play a part in sth/doing sthlive on a space station look for computer programmer in the futurehuandreds of the samewake up look

27、like = be likeB. wentC. am goingD. was going短语：on computersbe in danger, asover and over againget bored像,fall down用法： will + 动词原形 将要做 have to do sthfewer/more + 可数名词复数 更少/ 更多, less/more + 不可数名词 更少/ 更多不得不做某事agree with sb.disagree with sb.同意某人的意见try to do sth.try doing sth.尽力做某事尝试做某事不同意某人的意见such + 名词（

28、词组） 如此play a part in doing sthhelp sb with sth参与做某事make sb do sthmake sb +adj.让某人做某事让某人怎么样帮助某人做某事帮助某人做某事help sb (to)do sth使我成为更好的人make sb. sth. make me a better personThere will be + 主语 + 其他 将会有, .There is/are + sb. + doing sth有, 正在做,It is + 形容词 + for sb + to do sth做某事对某人来说 , 的词语辨析： 1. every 与 each

29、的区别：every 用来表整体， each 用来表个别。 each 最低需是两， every 最低需是三。 every adj.every 作主用单数，each 可单也可复， 作主、作定用单数， 其他情况用复数。 each adj./pron.Every teacher knows her.There are lots of trees on each side of the road.Each of the road has a dictionary.11 2. on the earth 在地球上，作地点状语，位于句首或句末。 on earth 究竟，到底。用于疑问句或副词后，加强语气。Al

30、l the living thingson the earth depend on the sun. / What on earth do you mean?3. human, 指包括男人女人孩子的“人，人类”，有别于动物，自然景物，机器等的特殊群体，也可指具体的人。person, 无性别之分，常用于数目不太大，而且数目比较精确的场合。people, 泛指“人们”，表示复数概念。man,前不带冠词而且单独使用时，指“男人”， a man可指“一个人 / 一个男人”，复数形式为 men.He was the only human on the island.There are only three persons in the room.There are many people there.Man is stronger than woman.4. seem 连系动词，好像，似乎，看来。有下面几种用法：seem + 名词 看起来。He seems a nice man.seem like 好像，似乎。 It seemed like a