虚拟语气讲解及练习题含答案和解释Word文档格式.docx

1、虚拟条件句的倒装是通过去掉if，把条件从句谓语中的助动词、情态动词或系动词放在句首实现的。例如：Had I been（= If I had been ） in that situation， I would not have let the thief escape away with so much money.Should there be （= If there should be） a drought， what should we do at that time ？2. 错综时间条件句有时条件从句的动作和主句的动作发生的时间并不一致，这时谓语动词的形式应根据它所要表示的具体时间来确定

2、。If we hadnt been working hard in the past few years ，things wouldnt be going so smoothly.3. 含蓄条件句有时假设的情况并不以条件从句的形式表现出来，而是通过某个介词或介词短语（如：with，otherwise，without，but for，in that position）、上下文或其它方式表现出来。这种句子称为含蓄条件句。But for the help from you ， I would not have had the chance to go to college.二、虚拟语气在某些从句中的

3、运用在某些词或短语后接的从句中要使用虚拟语气，表示愿望、建议或命令等。根据虚拟语气的形式不同，虚拟语气可以分为“should类”和“过去时态类”。（一）should类这一类的虚拟语气是通过从句中的谓语动词使用“should +动词原形”体现出来的，should可以省略。其具体运用体现在：1. 在suggest ， order， demand ， propose， command， request， desire，insist等表示建议、命令、要求、意见的动词后接的宾语从句中要使用虚拟语气。如：He suggests that she should leave the house at once

4、.The leader ordered that the task（should） be finished as soon as possible.He proposed that we （should）deal with the problem by the view of development.2. 与suggest，order，demand，propose，command，request，desire，insist等动词相对应的名词suggestion，order，demand，proposal等后的表语从句或同位语从句中要使用虚拟语气。如：The general sent the o

5、rder that the battle（should）be held on until the complete failure of the enemy.My proposal is that we（should） set a deadline for handing in the plan.3. 在It is/was suggested （ordered，demanded，proposed，etc.）结构以及necessary，essential，important，strange，natural等形容词后的主语从句中要使用虚拟语气。Its requested that we （shou

6、ld）keep the stability of the society for the peoples peaceful life.It is necessary that the badly wounded man（should） be treated immediately.（二）过去时态类英语中，还有一些词或短语后接的从句或句子，也要使用虚拟语气，虚拟语气是通过句中的谓语使用过去的某种时态（如：一般过去时、过去完成时等）来体现的。1. wish，would rather 后的宾语从句。He wished he had never been involved in such affair

7、s.I would rather you could teach me again.2. as if，as though引导的从句。The little boy knows so many things as if he was a man.He acted as usual as though nothing had happened.3. 由if only （要是，那该多好啊！）引导的惊叹句。If only I had passed the test！If only it stopped raining！4. It is（about/high） time 后的定语从句。It is time

8、 we went out for a walk.It was high time they had begun to prepare the experiment.三、虚拟语气的其它用法在英语中，一些表示建议、请求、劝告、愿望、祈祷、祝福或诅咒的句子，也需要使用虚拟语气。Would you mind smoking here？May you be lucky！Long live the people of China！God save me.虚拟语气练习题1I wish I _ photography then. If so, I could give you a hand at presen

9、t.Astudied Bhad studiedChave studied Dwill study【答案】B【解析】【详解】考查虚拟语气。句意：我当时要是学摄影就好了。如果是的话，我现在可以帮你一下。此处考查动词wish后跟宾语从句，用虚拟语气。表示与过去事实相反，从句用过去完成时。故选B.【点睛】虚拟语气用在wish后的宾语从句中，（常常省去连词that），表示不可能实现的愿望。1.表示与现在事实相反的愿望构成：主语 + wish （that） + 从句主语 +动词过去式 （be 一律用were）I wish I knew everything in the world.2.表示与过去事实相反

10、的愿望主语 + wish （that） + 从句主语 + had + 过去分词，本题就属于这一类。I wish that you had called yesterday.3.表示将来不大可能实现的愿望主语 + wish （that） + 从句主语 + would/should/could/might + 原形动词I wish that he could try again.2Should it rain, the crops _ .Awould be saved Bwould have been savedCwill be saved Dhad been saved【答案】A试题分析：在if

11、的条件状语从句的虚拟语气中，如果有将来事实相反，从句中使用“过去时/were to do/should+动词原形”，主句使用“情态动词+动词原形”。本句中省略了if，所以把should提前，构成部分倒装句。后面的主句使用“would be save”。故A正确。考点：考查虚拟语气3They suggested that the professor _ just now _ chairman of the meeting.Areferring to; was made Breferring to; be madeCreferred to; be made Dreferred to; was ma

12、de【答案】C第一个空是在考查非谓语动词作后置定语修饰the professor，refer to（关系到，涉及到，谈及）与refer to 之间的关系为被动，所以应为referred to. 第二个空是考查重点动词suggest的用法，其后的宾语从句应为虚拟的用法，即should +vt,其中should可省略，所以应为be made，故答案应为C。考查非谓语动词及重点动词的用法。4If George had followed his fathers advice， he _ a lawyer nowAis Bwould beChas been Dwould have been如果Georg

13、e听从了他父亲的建议，他现在将是一名律师了。虚拟时需将句子时态在原基础上往前推一个，例从句中与过去事实不符，用了过去完成时。而主句中由提示词now，说明与现在事实不符，需变成过去将来时，故选B5Do you feel like _ out?No. Id rather we _ a taxi.Ato drive; take Bto drive; tookCdriving; take Ddriving;【答案】D本题考查虚拟语气。feel like + v-ing想要做某事；would rather +从句，表与现在事实相反的，从句用一般过去时态。故选D。6- Shall I open the w

14、indow to let some fresh air in?- No,_AId rather not BId rather you notCId rather you didnt DId like not to考查虚拟语气和省略的用法。-用不用我打开窗户透透气。-不用了，我宁愿你不打开。A. Id rather not是Id rather not open the window的省略句，意思是“我不愿意去开窗”。B. Id rather you not，Id rather后不跟you not结构，B项语法不正确。C. Id rather you didnt Id rather后可跟从句，虚拟

15、语气，从句中的谓语动词用一般过去时态，表示与现实相反D. Id like not to此项语法不正确 应该用wouldnt like to do sth.。故选C。 7_ every one of you succeed in passing the mid-term examination.AMay BCould CMight DWould考查情态动词。may表许可，意为“可以”；表推测，意为“可能”；表希望、祈求、祝愿，意为“祝愿”。could可能，能够；might可能，可以；would将，将会，愿意。祝每个人都成功地通过期中考试。A选项正确。8I recommend the govern

16、ment _ Real Cine for urban planning since it is cheaper and practical, _ the way most urban planning is done today.Auses; compared to Buse; compared withCuse; comparing to Duses; comparing with考查虚拟语气和非谓语。我建议政府使用Real Cine来进行城市规划，因为它与今天大多数城市规划的方法相比更便宜，更实用。 recommend表建议，其后的宾语从句要用（should）+动词原形， should可省

17、略，所以此处用use的原形。compared with与相比。9If he had known he was building his own house, he _ all of it so differently.Awould do Bwould have doneCcould do Dmust have done如果他知道他正在盖自己的房子，他做的所有这些将会很不同。根据“If he had known”可知，本句是对过去的虚拟，因此主句中谓语动词需用would have done结构，故选B。must have done表示“一定做过”，是过去事情的肯定推测。10Were it not

18、 for the fact that he _ his work, he _ enjoying himself by the seaside.Acompleted; wouldnt have been Bhad completed; wouldnt have beenChas completed; wouldnt be Dcompletes; wouldnt be要不是因为他已经完成了工作的事实，他不会到海边放松自己。fact后是同位语从句，表示动作已经完成用现在完成时。表示与现在事实相反，主句用would+动词原形，故选C.11Its necessary that not only _ to

19、 see a doctor but also have a good rest.Awill Boy go BBob will goCshould Bob go DBob should go考查倒装句。不仅Bob应该去看医生而且也应该好好休息，这是很必要的。当not onlybut also连接两个分句时，以not only开头的句子要用部分倒装，又因为it is necessary后的that从句一般要用should +动词原形，故选C。【名师点睛】在It is imperative（essential，necessary，appropriate，desirable，important，vit

20、al.等）+that引导的主语从句中谓语动词应该用虚拟语气的形式，即：使用动词原形或should+动词原形。1. It is vitally important that they receive all the help available. 极为重要的是他们要得到所有可能得到的帮助。2. It is important that you（should） keep your promise. 你应该遵守诺言，这一点很重要。3. It is necessary that he （should） come to our meeting tomorrow. 他明天来参加我们的会议是很必要的。4.

21、It is essential that our prices remain competitive. 我们保持价格方面的竞争优势是至关重要的。5. It is most desirable that they should both come. 他们两个人都来，这最好不过了。6. It is appropriate that the exhibition should be sponsored by BMW. 这个展览会由BMW来主办是恰当的。12Had Mary not been hurt in the car accident, _ the next weeks marathon.Ash

22、e would run Bshe would have runCshe will run Dshe must have run如果玛丽没在汽车事故中受伤，她会参加下一周的马拉松比赛。因为她受了伤，不能参加下周的比赛了，所以这里的下周是从过去某时间算起的下周，前一句是省略if的条件句，主句表示与过去事实相反，用would have done，故选B。If引导的虚拟语气1. 对现在情况的假设：表示说话时不存在或与事实相反的情况，形式：If+主语+did，主语+should/would/could + do。例句：If you knew English well, you would be able

23、 to talk with foreigners freely.2. 对过去情况的假设：表示与过去事实相反的情况。形式：If+主语+had done,主语+should/would /could + have done。If I had not studied hard, I might have failed in the exam.（事实是我通过考试了）3. 对将来情况的假设：表示将来实现可能性不大的情况。If+主语+did/were to do /should do, 主语+should /would /could do。If he should change his mind, wha

24、t would we do?if的省略：在正式文体中，有时可把虚拟条件句中的连词if省去，这时从句需要采用倒装语序，即：将were，had，should等助动词提到主语前面，主句不做任何变化。Should it rain tomorrow, we would stay at home.错综时间：所谓错综时间是指主句和从句的动作不是发生在同一时间，这时，需要根据意思选用表示不同时间的虚拟语气形式。If I were you, I would have taken his advice.（从句表示现在时间，主句表示过去时间），句意：我要是你，就听他的建议了。13If he more careful

25、, he would have got much better results in the finals.Ahad been BwasChas been Dwere如果他更仔细些，他会在期末考试中得到更好的成绩。根据句意和主句中的谓语动词would have got可推断，空格处所在句子表示与过去相反的假设，从句中的谓语动词用过去完成时。故选A。14_ more energy to my study instead of being crazy about computer games, I would be sitting in a comfortable office now.AIf I

26、 devoted BHad I devotedCWould I be devoted DShould I be devoted考查时间错综的虚拟条件句。此处主句用过去完成时，表示与过去的事实相反，如果省略if要用倒装句；从句用would + 动词原形的形式，表示与现在的事实相反。15I was caught in a traffic jam for over an hour, otherwise, I _ you waiting for such a long time.Ahad not kept Bwill not keepCwould not have kept Dhave not kep

27、t我在交通堵塞中被困了一个多小时，否则我不会让你等这么长时间。句中用了虚拟语气，otherwise说明的从句内容和过去事实相反，指如果不被交通阻塞困住，主句用would/should/could/might +have+过去分词，故选C。虚拟语气中，非真实条件句中的条件从句有时不表达出来，只暗含在副词、介词短语、上下文或其他方式表示出来，这种句子叫做含蓄条件句，在多数情况下，条件会暗含在短语中，如otherwise,without，but for（要不是因为.）等But for his help, we would be working now.要不是他的帮助，我们还会在工作呢。Without your instruction, I would not have made such great progress.要是没有你的指导，我不会取得如此大的进步。We didnt know his telephone number, otherwise we would have telephoned him.我们不知道他的电话号码，否则我们就会给他打电话。16The Smiths would like to _