the things you should rememberpart 1doc.docx

1、the things you should rememberpart 1doc The things you should remember(part 1)nimble1)国家+单数地理+复数e.g. the United States is very foolish. the Alps are very beautiful.2)6+复数命名词+is a pair of trousers a range of a line of a /this sort/kind/type of a bunch of a series of 3)一般当作复数看待的词(18) archies(文档) eaves

2、(屋檐) minutes(记录) arms(武器) contents(目录) morals(道德) suburbs(郊区住宅) wages(工资) ashes(灰) belongings(所有物) clothes(衣服) compasses(圆规) earnings(工资) riches(财富) savings(存款) surroundings(环境) remains （1、尸体+复数 2、遗迹+单数、复数） odds(1、机会+复数 2、麻烦+单数)4）单复数均可，但是要看前面的定冠词(3) barracks(营房) headquaters(总部) works(工厂) e.g. A head

3、quarters was set up to direct the operation. Two headquarters were set up to direct the operation.5）集体名词(名词的复数另有表示手法) 有生命的 +复数 cattle(一般表示被十、百、千等修饰） 否则two head（没错，不加S） of cattle militia(民兵) poultry(家禽) vermin(害虫) police(一般要被大于1的数词修饰) people(同上) 6）无生命的+单数 foliage(树叶) machinery(机器) equipment(设备) furni

4、ture(家具) merchandise(商品)7）表示人的 audience, class, club, committee, company, couple, crew, crowd, date enemy, government, group, majority, media, party, staff, team, youth8）fish 1、表示鱼肉 + 单数 2、表示游的鱼-单、复同行 （deer sheep）some fish 3、表示鱼的种类+ 复数（three kinds of fishes）9) word 1、消息、通知（前面不加athe 也不用复数）信用（keep one

5、s word） 2、话语 （in a word/the last words/have a few words with） have a word with sb.和某人谈话 have words with sb. 和某人争吵1)根据所要形容的名词决定(12)a lot/lots/plenty of(percentage百分数) of(fraction分数) ofall/some of any/none ofhalf/most ofthe part ofa proportion(比例、部分) ofloads ofheaps ofmasses of the mass of2)修饰不可数a gre

6、at deal ofa large sum ofa large amount of3)many a/more than one+单数4）kind（固定）this kind of roseroses of this kindthese kinds of roses5)+单数(6)a collection ofa mass ofa pile ofa portion ofa set of a species of不是a 就用复数6)there is a pear and three apples in the plate7)规则复数(一般元音+o/f/fe/y/+s)+o 加es的极少 potato

7、es echoes heroes vetoes embargoes(禁运) tomatoes torpedoes(鱼雷)+f/fe 加es的极少 halves shelves calves selves wolves lives thieves knives leaves loaves+y 辅音+y =ies 元音+y =s quy =ies 8)专有名词 以 ese/ss结尾，单复同行 chinese vietnamese swiss 结尾加s German=Germans American=Americans African=Africans Asian=Asians Australian

8、=Australians Greek=Greeks Arab=Arabs 变man成men Eglishman=Eglishmen9)men singers women singers boy friends lady drivers maid servants1)缩略词一般加S motels VIPs/VIPs 数字和字母加s Ns 5s2) 名词属格： (表事物类别、属性，不能换of) 1、人名 Marys book 2、生命体或者视为有生命物 the cats food 3、地理、天体、时间、度量、价值 an hours work3) a three days trip a three-

9、day trip4) 泛指/this +名词+of+独立属格（特指名词,一般指人） a friend of my fathers5)alumnus()=alumni alumna()=alumnae crisis()=crises phenomenon=phenomena 6)某些以复数出现的抽象名词 victories conferences sympathies7)固定搭配 a fit(突发的，一阵) of anger/laughter/coughing a peal(隆隆声)of applause/laughter/thunder a flash of hope/light/lightn

10、ing a display（显示、表现)of courage/force/power/skill/fireworks a flock（群，形容飞禽、牲畜） of birds a herd （畜群、牧群）of elephants a litter（窝） of kittens a swarm （形容昆虫）of bees a shoal（鱼群） of fish a bench （法官席）of judges a troupe（班，团，形容演员、歌手等） of actors a gang（群） of hooligans a pack（队、群，形容猎犬、飞机、野兽、舰艇） of hounds 8)名词词组

11、由定冠词+形容词要用of the income of the rich 并且用of 替代s时 the + n. of n.（限不限定随便,且相对于s来说） of经常形容无生命的东西9）某些习惯词组（可跳过） a birds eye view 鸟瞰 have sth.at ones finger ends/tips 对某事了如指掌 keep sb.at arms length 对某人保持距离 a wolf in sheeps clothes 口蜜腹剑的人 at a snails pace 爬行地，缓慢地 at ones wits end 智穷计尽、不知所措 in ones minds eye 在

12、想象中，在心目中 make a cats paw of sb 利用某人 to ones hearts content 尽情地 to get ones moneys worth 钱花得合算 get sb. out of harms way 十某人免受损害 at deaths door 死到临头 at swords point 剑拔弩张；处于紧张状态 by a hairs breadth 只差一点 within a stones throw 在附近，在投石可及的距离内 1) 限定词与限定词之间的搭配关系 前: all,both,half,one-third=部分/double,twice,3tim

13、es=倍数/ what,such(a/an)/ 中：a(n),the,zero=冠词/this,that=指示代词/my,Marys,whose=所属 some,any,no,every,each/either,enough/whichever,whatever，what whose,疑问限定代词 后：1,2,3基数词/first(序数词)/many,much,(a)few,such/ plenty of .表（much/many） first,last,next等一般在最前 such一般在最后 特殊情况：every 有时可以和所属格连用，位于其后 (his) every action hal

14、f/quite/rather/such/what/+a+n.but two hours and a half=two and a half hours 不说and half a2）not a little=much/not a few=many 很多 not a bit=little 一点也不 / (his teachers) every action3) a lot of,lots of,plenty of用于肯定，many,much倾向于否定和疑问， 和语气不太肯定的肯定句（常用ifwhether引导）4）冠词的类指用法 the+单数可数名词/形容词/分词 a/an+单数可数名词 /+复数

15、/不可数名词5)与专有名词搭配（因为专有名词已经特指，因此大都不用定冠词） 1、自然景观+the 湖泊：Lake Dongting(Lake+.不加the，but the.lake) but:the Great Lake,the West Lake,the Dongting Lake 孤岛与单独的山峰前不加the:Mt.Ali,Mount Blanc(勃朗峰) 2、组织、机关、机构、公共建筑物、车船等名称，大都带有the But: 道路、广场、车站、机场、公园、桥梁等名称一般不带the)6) 与普通名词搭配关系 1、乐器名称前the ,play the piano 2、棋类前0 3、疾病名称前

16、0，but：have a cold/a cough/sore throat/a headache 4、the spring festival/Childrens Day 5如不是特指,everning ,night,month,spring,Saturday等不加the7) school等词 ，0冠词表示这些名词表示的场所功能 the/a(n) 表示地点 e.g. in hospital(因病住院) vs in the hospital out of question（不成问题） vs out of the question（出于而问题=根本不可能） in possesion of（拥有） v

17、s in the possesion of（为所拥有） make beds（做床） vs make the bed（铺床） 8）动词+sb.+介词+the+身体一部分 the boy hits the teacher on the nose9)不加冠词 a kind of a sort of a type(types) of a class(classes) of a variety(varieties) of a form(forms) of a style(styles) of1)a代表某个 a Mr.Smith She is now a different Japan from she

18、was ten years ago.2)当sunskyworldmoon等被一个描绘性的形容词修饰表达某种景象时 a burning/hot/newly-risen sun a bright/ful/new moon a dark/free/new/sad night 不表达某种景象时仍旧用the the setting/risen/June/summer sun3)the 用在某些动作前 on the run 在逃跑中、奔走中 on the rise on the fall on the watch4)the 与表示计算单位的名词连用，意思为“每一” by the pound/hour th

19、ere are 16 ounces to the pound5)某个独一无二的身份或职务（即只有一人担任此职务或正职）作表语、补语、同位语6）turn,go（作“变成”解）后作补语的名词前一律不用冠词he was a medical student before he turned writerhe was gone Democrat7)编号的两种表示方法Part One=the first partPlease read Part One/the first part1)dozen 一打，十二个 two/many/several dozen pencils but:a dozen of th

20、ese people,dozens of them(习惯在these,those,them,us等词前用) some dozen people =some dozen of people(一打左右的人) (some)dozens of people (若干打的人)2）score 二十 two score of people （中应加of） three score and ten people（70人）3)a certain+抽象名词=某一种情绪 a certain coldness a certain honesty a certain unwillingness a certain relu

21、ctance(不情愿，勉强的)4）冠词的特殊用法 a(the,this,that,my,your) +n. of a +n.:an angel of a wife (be) of a +n.: 表示不同事物的共同性：the machines are of a kind. Birds of a feather flock together (be) of a+形容词性名词：he is a man of unyeilding spirit.5)the 与计数单位连用，表示“每一，每” the eggs are sold by the pound there 16 ounces to the pou

22、nd6)不用冠词 from.to. between.and.7)不定代词、形容词最高级、序数词的定语从句后面常用that 不能用which,what eveyone ,anyone,everybody,anybody，后面用who较多，但that也行8)反身代词 but/except 1作主语：用主格I、SHE 2、其他都用宾格 nobody but she can help us nobody can help us except her9)beside oneself (因而极度兴奋) when he learned the news,he was besides himself with

23、 joy. be oneself (身心健康) by oneself (单独，独自，靠自己) for oneself (为自己，亲自) in oneself (本身，本性) Yours is not a bad idear in itself. of oneself (自动地) the accident did not happen of itself. to oneself （常与keep,have,get连用，单独所有，暗自地，私下地） i like to have a bicycle to myself1)指示代词的习惯用语 like that(1.那样地;类似地;一概如此,都是那样;非

24、常友好亲密) this is (to say) (换句话说) thats all(1.Thats all.就是这些了。) thats it(1.那正是要点；那正是问题所在)(2.够了；好了) thats that(1.就这样吧, 就这么定了)2)such 的部分用法 as such(1.依其身份、资格或名义等; 本身) such.as/that引导的从句 e.g.Dont trust such man as(作宾语或主语) praise you to your face 3)不定代词 that ,the one,one的区别 that,the one ，those,the oneces表示特指

25、 ones,one 表示泛指 I prefer the weather of Shanghaito that of Beijing.特指上海的天 I prefer a large house in a small town to one in a large city. 泛指大城市里的房子4）anyone vs any one anyone 指人 any one （of） 指人、物 5) nothing, none, no one(nobody) nothing什么东西也没有 e.g. Is there anything in the box? Nothing. none 指人、物，没有具体范

26、围，意为“没有所指的东西” e.g. Are there any apples in the basket? none no one(nobody)指人，不和of 连用，不强调具体范围、泛指 e.g. Did anyone come here? No one6）have none of 不允许，不同意，不买的帐 none but 除了谁也不是，只有 none other than （不是别人或他物）正是 none the less 尽管如此，仍然 none the worse 毫不逊色 second to none 一流的 nothing less than=nothing short of

27、简直是 anything but 并不 like anything 拼命地 no fewer than 至少有 .is one thing,.is quite another .是一回事，。是另一回事 something like that=or something 表示十分不肯定 7）静态动词，用于非进行时态，如果用，意义发生变化 be 和have 与be 和have同义的词 感官动词 touch,taste 心理情感动词 feel 8）一般现在时 常用时间状语 often,usually,everyday 常用句型 Make sure,Be sure,Make certain(that)

28、Take care .see(to it)that if/when从句 i hope(that) say,tell,hear,learn(he says he cant wait any longer)9)一般过去时 典型时间状语 ever never once(表示过去的经验) 常用句型 Its time. I wish/I would rather/If only 虚拟条件句中，与现在的事实相反 suppose As if/as though 表示婉转 代替过去完成时 she finished the homework before her father came back 这里befor

29、e已经表达了先后关系，可以不用过去完成时 used to/would+v. be in the habit of 都表示过去常发生的动作 used to 表示过去经常发生，但现在不发生了 would 不表示现在不发生了，不表示过去的状态（静态动词不用）1) 现在进行时 常用时间状语:now,at present,these days,at/for the moment 常用方法： 说话时正在进行的动作 现阶段一直在进行的动作 近期要发生的动作，常伴有时间状语 表示刚过去的动作 表示委婉2）过去进行时 常用时间状语：at this time yesterday,in those days,at

30、that time,from 1980 to 1990 常用句型： the students were laughing when the teacher stepped in while the students laughing ,the teacher stepped in.3)静态动词的剖析 i am tasting this soap. it tastes pepper in it. it tastes hot (故意去尝味道) (被动尝到) （感觉） 4)现在完成体 常用时间状语：since+一点时间（yesterday,5 oclock） for 3 hours so far,up to now,already,yet,recently,lately,just in/for the past/last few weeks