非谓语动词专题精讲深剖解析版.docx

1、非谓语动词专题精讲深剖解析版专题10非谓语动词精讲深剖一单句语法填空1.（2019全国I卷）Modem methods of tracking polar bear populations have been employed only since the mid-1980s, and are expensive _ (perform) consistently over a large area. 【答案】to perform【解析】考查非谓语动词。主系表结构之后，常用不定式作原因或目的状语，句意：跟踪北极熊的现代方法只是在二十世纪八十年代以来开始采用，并且在如此大区域内持续采用是昂贵的，故

2、此处用to perform。2.（2019全国I卷）Scientists have responded by _ (note) that hungry bears may be congregating(聚集) around human settlements, leading to the illusion(错觉) that populations are higher than they actually are. 【答案】noting【解析】考查非谓语动词。根据其前介词by可知，此处用动名词主动形式，故填noting。3.（2019全国II卷）A 90-year-old has been

3、 awarded “Woman Of The Year” for _ (be)Britains oldest full-time employee-still working 40 hours a week. 【答案】being【解析】考查非谓语动词。根据其前介词for可知，此处用动名词形式作宾语，故填being。4.（2019全国II卷）Picking up her “Lifetime Achievement” award，proud Irene _(declare) she had no plans to retire from her 36-year-old business.【答案】d

4、eclared【解析】考查谓语动词。根据上下文可知，该句主语为Irene，此处为谓语成分，根据后文had 以及said 可知用一般过去时态，故填declared。5.（2019全国II卷）When we got a call _ (say)she was short-listed，we thought it was a joke. 【答案】saying【解析】考查非谓语动词。根据其后所接的宾语从句可知，此处用现在分词形式saying作后置定语，解释名词call的内容，call与say是主动关系，故填saying。6.（2019全国III卷）On our way to the house，it

5、was raining so hard that we couldnt help wondering how long it would take _ (get)there. 【答案】to get【解析】考查不定式。句中的would提示我们作者还没有到达那座房子，wondering后的句子不缺谓语，此处应填非谓语动词，故填to get。7.（2019全国III卷）On the last day of our week-long stay，we were invited to attend a private concert on a beautiful farm on the North Sh

6、ore under the stars，_ (listen)to musicians and meeting interesting locals.【答案】listening【解析】考查分词。本句谓语动词为“were invited”，所以70题空格处动词listen应用非谓语动词形式。听音乐这个动作是由we发出的，所以选用现在分词形式。也可由and前后连接两个并列的结构这一规律解题，and后meeting interesting locals为分词形式，故空格处填listening。8.（2019浙江高考）When the children are walking or _ (cycle)

7、to school on dark mornings, car drivers can easily see them.【答案】cycling【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：当孩子们在黑暗的早晨步行或骑车上学时，汽车司机很容易看到它们。or连接两个并列成分，根据or前的walking可知，此处要用cycling。故填cycling。9.（2019浙江高考）But some students didnt want _ (wear) the uniform.【答案】to wear【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：但是，有一些学生不想穿学生服。want to do sth想要做某事，这是want的固定用法

8、。故填to wear。10.(2019北京卷)Nervously _ (face) challenges, I know I will whisper to myself the two simple words “Be yourself”.【答案】facing【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：紧张地面对挑战，我知道我将轻声对自己说两个简单的字“做你自己”。分析句式可知，此处是做句子的状语，要用非谓语动词，其逻辑主语是I，与逻辑主语之间是主动关系，用现在分词作状语。故填facing。二单项选择1.(2019江苏卷) _ the convenience of digital payment, man

9、y senior citizens started to use smart phones.A. To enjoy B. Enjoying C. To have enjoyed D. Enjoy【答案】A【解析】考查非谓语动词。此处是不定式作目的状语。句意：为了享受数字支付的方便，很多老年市民开始使用智能手机。故选A。2.（2019天津卷）_ to think critically is an important skill todays children will need for the future.A. Learn B. LearnedC. Learning D. Having lea

10、rned【答案】C【解析】考查动名词。句意：学会批判性思维是当代小孩未来所必需的重要技能。句子缺少主语成分，而过去分词、动词都不可以做主语。此处用动名词做主语，故选C。3.（2019江苏卷） Chinas image is improving steadily, with more countries_ its role in international affairs.A. recognizing B. being recognized C. to be recognized D. recognized【答案】A【解析】考查with复合结构。句意：中国的形象正在稳步提升，更多的国家认识到中国

11、在国际事务中的作用。“更多的国家”和“认识”之间是主动关系，用with + 名词 + 现在分词结构，故选A。4.(2018北京)_ along the old Silk Road is an interesting and rewarding experienceA. Travel B. Traveling C. Having traveled D. Traveled【答案】B【解析】考查动名词。句意：沿着丝绸之路旅行是一次既有趣又有益的经历。“_ along the old Silk Road”做主语，要用动名词，故B选项正确。点睛：动名词是动词-ing形式的一种，兼有动词和名词特征。在句子

12、中可以作主语、宾语、表语、定语。5.(2018北京)During the Mid-Autumn Festival, family members often gather together _ a meal, admire the moon and enjoy moon cakes.A. share B. to share C. having shared D. shared【答案】B【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：在中秋节期间，家人们通常会聚在一起吃饭，赏月，品尝月饼。gather是谓语动词，“_ a meal, admire the moon and enjoy moon cakes”是状语

13、，家人聚在一起的目的是吃饭，赏月，品尝月饼，表目的用动词不定式，故B选项正确。点睛：动词不定式可以做主语，状语，定语，宾语，表语等。动词不定式做目的状语时，可以置于主句之前也可以置于主句之后，通常译为“为了”。 6.(2018北京) Ordinary soap, _ correctly, can deal with bacteria effectively.A. used B. to use C. using D. use【答案】A 点睛：过去分词所表示的一个含义就是“被动”。7.(2018天津） I didnt mean _anything but the ice cream looked

14、so good that I couldnt help_ it.A. to eat；to try B. eating；trying C. eating；to try D. to eat； trying【答案】D【解析】考查短语固定搭配。句意：我不打算吃任何东西，但冰淇淋看起来如此的好以至于我忍不住的要试一试。固定短语短语mean to do（打算做），couldnt help doing忍不住做。故选D。点睛：本题考查动词短语固定搭配。同学在平时学习中要多把握动词不同搭配的不同含义，本题需要区分“mean to do打算做”与“mean doing意味着做”和“cant help to do

15、sth.不能帮助做”与“couldnt help doing忍不住做”之间的含义。8.（2018天津）I need a new passport so I will have to have my photographs_.A. taking B. taken C. being taken D. take【答案】B【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：我需要一个新护照，所以我将不得不拍照片。本题考查非谓语动词作宾语补足语，宾语my photograph与补足语之间为被动关系，故用过去分词作宾语补足语。C项表示正在进行。故选B。点睛：本题考查的非谓语动词为高中重点语法之一。在分析题目的时候，首先要抓住非

16、谓语动词在句中所作的成分，找出该非谓语动词所对应的逻辑主语，再分析二者之间的关系，最后根据句意选择正确的答案。9.（2018江苏）Around 13,500 new jobs were created during the period, _ the expected number of 12,000 held by market analysts.A. having exceeded B. to exceed C. exceeded D. exceeding【答案】D【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：在这期间，大约创造13,500个新的工作，超过市场分析师持有的12,000的预期数量。分析全句可

17、知，这里指前一件事情所带来自然而然的结果，故用现在分词作结果状语。故选D。点睛：本题考查非谓语动词。非谓语动词主要有动词不定式、现在分词和过去分词形式。having exceeded强调时间先后，指的是此动作发生在谓语动词create的动作之前；to exceed表示将要超出；exceeded过去分词表示被动。分析句意可知，这里用现在分词作结果状语。三单句改错1.（2019全国I卷）All the football players on the playground cheered loudly, say that I had a talent for football. 【答案】say改为s

18、aying【解析】考查现在分词。本句句意：操场上所有的足球运动员大声欢呼，说我有足球天赋。句中谓语动词为cheered，say在这里作伴随状语。与主语players是主动关系，故将say改为saying。2.（2019全国III卷）Now my dream is to opens a cafe. 【答案】opens改为 open【解析】考查不定式的用法。不定式做表语，to后用动词原形。故把 opens改为 open。近三年高考主要考查非谓语动词的作用和形式。在作用方面主要考查作宾语时用不定式还是动名词；作宾语、状语、补语时用不定式还是分词；它们作某一成分时的特殊情况及特殊结构。在形式方面主要考

19、查用一般式还是完成式、主动式还是被动式、现在分词还是过去分词。一非谓语动词做状语1分词作状语分词作状语时，其逻辑主语是句子的主语；一般在句中作时间、原因、方式、条件、伴随等状语。(1)现在分词作状语时，分词表示的动作是由句子主语执行的，它们之间是主动关系。Hearing the news, they got excited.听到这个消息，他们很兴奋。(2)过去分词作状语时，分词表示的动作是句子主语承受的动作，它们之间是被动关系。Given the right kind of training, these teenage soccer players may one day grow into

20、 international stars.如果给予正确的训练，这些青少年足球运动员有一天也许会成为国际明星。2动词不定式作状语(1)动词不定式作状语主要用来表示目的，有时也可以表示结果、原因等。She was surprised to see George walk in.看到乔治进来，她很惊讶。(2)动词不定式作目的状语时，常位于句首或句中，形式上可用in order to do, so as to do, to do等，但so as to do不能置于句首。In order to pass the exam, he worked hard.为了通过考试，他努力学习。(3)作目的状语的动词不

21、定式动作必须是主语发出的。To learn English well, his father bought him a dictionary.()【考题印证】 单句语法填空1.(2018全国卷)You dont have to run fast or for long_ (see) the benefit.【答案】 to see【解析】考查动词不定式做状语。此处意为：你不必跑很快或很久就能看到它的好处。分析句子结构可知，此处应该使用不定式形式作目的状语。故填to see。2.(2018全国卷)The government encourages farmers to grow corn inst

22、ead of rice _ (improve) water quality.【答案】 to improve【解析】考查动词不定式做状语。“改善水质”是“政府鼓励农民种植玉米而不种植水稻”的目的，故此处应用动词不定式作目的状语。故填 to improve。3.(2017浙江6月高考)Sixteen years earlier, Pahlsson had removed the diamond ring _(cook) a meal.【答案】 to cook【解析】考查动词不定式做状语。分析句子结构可知，句中已经有了谓语动词removed，所以此处要用动词不定式作目的状语。故填to cook。4.

23、(2016浙江10月高考) Soon after, I was on my way to the show, _ (carry) a fancy black handbag and a happy smile.【答案】 carrying【解析】考查现在分词做状语。空处为伴随状语，且与逻辑主语I是主谓关系，故用carrying。5.(2016全国卷)The Chinese have used chopsticks for five thousand years.People probably cooked their food in large pots，_(use) twigs (树枝) to

24、 remove it.【答案】 using【解析】考查现在分词做状语。第二句句中已有谓语cooked，且无其他连接词，use与主句主语之间存在主动关系，故填现在分词形式using作方式状语。二非谓语动词作定语1动词不定式作定语动词不定式作定语，通常置于所修饰的名词或代词之后，与所修饰的词之间构成逻辑上的主谓、动宾或同位关系。She is always the first to come and the last to leave.(主谓关系)她总是第一个到，最后一个离开。Have you got a letter to write？(动宾关系)你有一封信要写吗？Do you have the

25、ability to read and write in English?(同位关系)你有用英语读写的能力吗？2分词作定语(1)作定语的及物动词的分词形式为doing, being done和done。当被修饰的名词与分词之间为主动关系时，用doing；当被修饰的名词与分词之间为被动关系且表示分词动作正在进行时，用being done；当被修饰的名词与分词之间为被动关系且表示分词动作已完成时，用done。I have never seen a more moving film.我没看过比这部更令人感动的电影。The houses being built are for the teachers

26、.正在建的房子是给老师的。The broken glass is Toms.这个打破了的杯子是汤姆的。(2)作定语的不及物动词的分词形式为doing和done, doing表示正在进行；done表示已经完成。boiling water正沸腾的水boiled water开水3动名词作定语动名词可置于名词前作定语，表示被修饰的名词的用途和性能。a walking stick a stick for walking 手杖a sleeping car a car for sleeping 卧铺车【考题印证】单句语法填空1.(2018浙江11月高考)Larger amounts of caffeine

27、can cause a problem _ (call) caffeinism.【答案】 called【解析】考查过去分词做定语。problem与call之间是被动关系，故用过去分词called作problem的后置定语。故填called。2.(2017浙江6月高考)But something made her look closer, and she noticed a _ (shine) object.【答案】 shining【解析】考查现在分词做定语。空处作object的前置定语，故填shining。3.(2016全国卷)But my connection with pandas goe

28、s back to my days on a TV show in the mid1980s, when I was the first Western TV reporter_(permit) to film a special unit caring for pandas rescued from starvation in the wild.【答案】permitted【解析】考查过去分词做定语。因为句中已有谓语动词was，故此处要用非谓语动词形式。因permit与reporter之间为逻辑上的被动关系，所以用过去分词形式作后置定语。故填permitted。三非谓语动词作补语1后接动词不定

29、式作补语的动词及动词短语(1)有些动词或动词短语后接动词不定式作宾补，即“动词/动词短语宾语to do”。常见的这类动词或动词短语有：advise建议 allow允许 ask询问；要求beg恳求 cause导致 encourage鼓励permit准许 forbid禁止 force强迫intend打算 invite邀请 order命令；要求persuade说服 prefer更喜欢 require需要；要求teach教 remind提醒 tell告诉want想要 warn警告 wish希望；想要wait for等待 call on号召；要求 depend on依靠She patiently exp

30、lained all the rules to the students and required everyone to follow them.她耐心地向学生解释了所有的规则，并要求每个人都遵循这些规则。He depends on you to help him with his English.他指望你帮助他学英语。(2)下列动词接省略to的动词不定式作宾语补足语：一感 (feel)，二听(hear, listen to)，三让(let，have, make)，五看 (see, notice, observe, watch, look at)，半帮助 (help)，但在变为被动语态时需加

31、to。Nobody saw him come in.(主动语态)没人看见他进来。The thief was observed to enter the bank.(被动语态)有人看见小偷进了银行。(3)下列句型中常用动词不定式作主语补足语，它们是：sb. be said/believed/known/reported/considered/thoughtto do/to have done/to be done/to be doing/to have been done sth.He is said to have been cheated in the street.据说，他在大街上被骗了。The accident is reported to have killed two people.