宾语从句讲解.docx

1、宾语从句讲解宾语从句讲解宾语从句是主从复合句的一种。宾语从句当中的从句在全句中作宾语。例句：I know him。 I know who she is结构：主语+谓语+引导词+简单句（其它）1语序无论主句是陈述句还是疑问句，宾语从句都必须使用陈述语序,可分为以下四种：1）连接词谓语。连接词在从句中作主语。常见的连接词有： who，what，which等。如：Could you tell me who knows the answer，please？The small children dont know what is in their stockingsI dont know which b

2、elongs to my father.2）连接词名词谓语。连接词在从句中作主语的定语。常见的连接词有：whose，what，which，how many，how much等。如：He asked whose handwriting was the best in our classThe teacher asked us how many people there were in the room3）连接词主语谓语。连接词在从句中作宾语、状语或表语。常见的连接词有：who（m），what，which，how many，how much， when，if he will come or not

3、（Let me know whethe or not he will come）让我知道他是否能来。 I dont know whether if he does any washing or not（I dont know whether or not he does any washing）我不知道他洗不洗衣服。I wonder whether we stay or whether we go我不知道我们是去还是留。 在介词之后用whether。如：Im interested in whether he likes English我关心的是他是否喜欢英语。Were thinking abo

4、ut whether we can finish the work on time我们正在考虑是否能按时完成这项工作。I worry about whether I hurt her feelings我担心是否伤了她的感情。 在不定式前用whether。如：He hasnt decided whether to visit the old man他尚未决定是否拜访那位老人。I dont know whether to go我不知去否。He hasnt decided whether to go by bus or by train他还未决定是乘公共汽车去还是坐火车去。 whether置于句首时

5、，不能换用if。如：Whether this is true or not，I cant say这是否真的我说不上来。引导主语从句和表语从句时宜用whether。如：Whether she will come or not is still a question她是否能来还是个问题。The question is whether we can catch the bus问题是我们能否赶上公共汽车。 若用if会引起歧义时，则用whether。如：Please let me know if you like the book可理解为：aPlease let me know whether you

6、like the book请告诉我你是否喜欢这本书。bIf you like the book，please let me know你如果喜欢这本书，请告诉我。3）如果宾语从句原来是特殊疑问句，只需用原来的特殊疑问词引导。如：Could you tell me why you were late for the meeting this morning？你能告诉我今天早上你为什么开会迟到吗？3时态含宾语从句的复合句，主、从句谓语动词的时态呼应应包括以下三点内容：1）如果主句的谓语动词是一般现在时，从句的谓语动词可根据需要，选用相应的任何时态。如：I dont know when he will

7、 come back我不知道他将何时回来。He tells me that his sister came back yesterday他告诉我他姐姐昨天回来了。2）如果主句的谓语动词是过去时，宾语从句的谓语动词只可根据需要，选用过去时态即一般过去时、过去进行时、过去将来时或过去完成时的某一种形式。如：The children didnt know who he was孩子们不知道他是谁。He asked his father how it happened他问他父亲这件事是如何发生的。3）如果宾语从句所表示的是客观事实、普遍真理、自然现象或习惯性动作等，不管主句用什么时态，从句时态都用一般现

8、在时。如：The teacher said that the earth goes round the sun老师说地球绕着太阳转。4注意：if和when既可以引导宾语从句，也可以引导状语从句，应注意它们在两种从句中的意思和用法的不同。if和when引导宾语从句时，分别意为“是否”和“何时”，其时态应和主句时态相呼应；它们引导状语从句时，意思分别为“如果，假如”和“当时候”，当主句时态是一般将来时时，其时态用一般现在时。它们常常放在含有状语从句和宾语从句的题干中进行综合考查。如：Do you know when he will come back tomorrow ？你知道他明天什么时候回来吗

9、？Sorry，I dont knowWhen he comes back，Ill tell you对不起，不知道。当他回来了，我将告诉你。I dont know if he will come我不知道他是否会来。He will come if it doesnt rain如果不下雨，他会来的。宾语从句的复合句转化为简单句（六种方法），使其与原句意思相同（或相近）的试题。方法一：当主句谓语动词是hope， decide， wish， choose， agree， promise（和主观决定有关）等，且宾语从句的主语与主句主语一致时，宾语从句可简化为不定式结构。例如：Li Ming hopes h

10、e will be back very soon. Li Ming hopes to be back very soon.We decided that we would help him. We decided to help him.方法二：当主句谓语动词是know， learn， remember， forget， tell（和记忆认知有关）等动词，且主句主语与从句主语一致时，宾语从句可简化为“疑问词+不定式”结构。例如：She has forgotten how she can open the window. She has forgotten how to open the win

11、dow.注：当主句谓语动词是tell， ask， show， teach等动词，且后带双宾语，从句主语和间接宾语一致时，宾语从句可简化为“疑问词+不定式”结构。例如：Could you tell me how I can get to the station？ Could you tell me how to get to the station？方法三：当主句的谓语动词是order（命令），require（需要）等时，如果主句和从句的主语不一致，宾语从句可简化为“名词（代词）+不定式”结构。例如：The headmaster ordered that we should start at o

12、nce. The headmaster ordered us to start at once.方法四：某些动词后的宾语从句，可以用介词加动名词（短语）等其他形式简化。例如：He insisted that he should go with us. He insisted on going with us.The poor boy doesnt know when and where he was born. The poor boy doesnt know the time and the place of his birth.方法五：某些动词后面的宾语从句可转化为“宾语+V-ing形式（

13、作宾语补足语）”结构。例如：Liu Ping found that there was a wallet lying on the ground. Liu Ping found a wallet lying on the ground.方法六：动词seem后的宾语从句，也可以用不定式（短语）来简化，但句型需要进行适当的变化。例如：It seemed that the boys were going to win. The boys seemed to win.除上述方法外，还有一些特殊句式的转化。例如：I found that it was difficult to learn English

14、 well. I found it difficult to learn English well.Soon we found that the ground was covered with thick snow. Soon we found the ground covered with thick snow.They found that the box was very heavy. They found the box very heavy练习1 The girls asked if they _ some food and drink with them.A. took B. ta

15、ke C. takes D. will take2 Catherine凯瑟琳said that she _ to Guangzhou.A. has never gone B. had never gone C. has never been D. had never been3 The students want to know whether they_ dictation（听写）today. A. had B. has C. will have D. are4 She asked Linda if_ go and get some. A. could she B. she could C.

16、 she can D. she may5 Linda said the moon_ round the earth.A. travelled B. has travelled C. travels D. had travelled解析2：主句said是一般过去时态,所以宾语从句应该用过去完成时.排除A、C.又因为这里表达的是“凯瑟琳说她从来没有去过广州”的意思.而gone是非延续性动词,has gone to.表达的是“去某地还没有回来”的含义.been是延续性动词,has been to表达“去过某地”.因此选D.实战演练一、例题选讲例1I dont know _ he will come

17、or not.AhowBwhetherCweatherDwhen例2Can you tell me _they will come back?AwhereBwhenCwhichDwho一、宾语从句的否定前移否定前移：顾名思义，就是在宾语从句中，从句中的否定词not，前移到主句当中。二，否定前移发生的三个条件主句的主语是第一人称主句是一般现在时主句的谓语动词是think, consider, believe, suppose, expect 等表示心理活动的词，这时从句中的否定可以转移到主句中，从句的谓语用肯定的形式。注意：1) 三个条件均指向宾语从句的主句。2) 三个条件必须同时满足时，才能发

18、生否定前移。例：I dont think he can do it better than me. 我想他不会干得比我好。 I dont believe they have finished their work yet. 我相信他们还未完成他们的工作。三，发生否定转移句子的反义疑问句其反义疑问句，附加问句部分 要跟从句的形式保持一致I dont suppose he cares, does he 我想他不会在意的，是吗？宾语从句专项习题巩固练习1.Have you decided _for Australia?A. when will you leaveB. when do you leav

19、eC. you will leave whenD. when you will leave2.Can you tell me _ ?A. where does Tom liveB. where Tom lived C. Tom lives where D. where Tom lives3.The old man asked me _ .A. where was the cinemaB. where is the cinemaC. where the cinema wasD. where was the way to the cinema4.I think _ you will like hi

20、m. A. thatB. ifC. whyD. how5.I didnt know _ he will come or not.A. thatB. whetherC. weatherD. how6.I wonder _ .A. how much cost these shoesB. how much do these shoes costC. how much these shoes costD. how much are these shoes cost7.She asked me _ . A. who he wasB. who was heC. who is heD. who he is8

21、.Ask him _.A. whose cup this is B. whose cup is this C. this is whose cup D. whose is this cup9.I dont know _ .A. what time the movie startsB. what time starts the movieC. the time to start the movieD. the movie what time starts10.The doctor asked me how long _ .A. was I illB.have I been illC. I hav

22、e been illD. I had been ill用合适的连接词填空。1. Jim told me _ he didnt go fishing yesterday afternoon.（how, why）2. Do you know _ else is going to be on duty today？（who, whom）3. She said _ it wouldnt matter much.（that, if）4. He always thinks _ he can do better.（how, who）5. I really dont know _ the bridge wil

23、l be finished.（how long, how soon）6. They dont know _ to go or wait. (if, whether)7. We are talking about _ well go back tomorrow. (whether, if)8. I was really surprised at _ I saw. (where, what)9. I dont know _ so many people are looking at him. (how, why)10. Do you know _ you are studying for? (why, what)