学年高中英语外研版必修三教学案Module 5.docx

1、学年高中英语外研版必修三教学案Module 5语法初识原句感知自主探究Ancient China was a place where states were often at war with each other.But it was also a time when there were many great philosophers.Confucius is the philosopher whose influence has been the greatest.The woman whom you saw just now is our teacher.He came from a

2、family which was very poor.Do you know the reason why he has been late?He is a man of whom China can be proud.For example, it is the country in which silk was first invented.1.句中黑体部分是关系代词，在从句中分别作定语、宾语、主语。2句中的黑体部分是关系副词，在从句中分别充当地点状语、时间状语、原因状语。3句为“介词which/whom”引导的定语从句。语法剖析语法点一限制性定语从句在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫

3、定语从句。被修饰的名词或代词叫先行词，引导定语从句的连词叫关系词，分为关系代词和关系副词两种。1关系代词的一般用法列表如下：关系代词指代在定语从句中所充当的成分人物句子主语宾语定语表语whowhomwhichthatwhoseasWomen who drink more than two cups of coffee a day have a greater chance of having heart disease than those who dont.(who作主语)每天喝两杯以上咖啡的妇女患有心脏病的几率比不喝咖啡的妇女高。He is the man whom/who I am wa

4、iting for.(who/whom作宾语，亦可省略)他就是我正在等待的那个人。Please find a room that is big enough for all of us to live in.(that作主语，指物)请找一间足够住下我们所有人的房间。This is the house which we bought last month.(which作宾语)这是我们上个月买的那幢房子。She is no longer the girl (that) she was before she went to college.(that作表语，指人)她已不是上大学前的她了。Do you

5、 know the girl whose Japanese is excellent？(whose作定语，指人)你认识那个日语非常优秀的女孩吗？Please pass me the book whose cover is green.(whose作定语，指物)请递给我那本绿色封面的书。He is such a good boy as we all like.(as作宾语，指人)他是那么好的孩子，我们都喜欢。2关系代词that与which的用法区别(1)关系代词用that不用which的情况当先行词是all，everything, nothing, something, anything, mu

6、ch, little, few等不定代词时。He did everything that he could to help us.他做了一切能做的事来帮助我们。当先行词被序数词修饰时。This is the first twostorey bus that runs in our city.这是第一辆运行于我市的双层公交车。当先行词被形容词最高级修饰时。This is the most interesting film that I have ever seen.这是我曾看过的最有趣的电影。当先行词被the very, the only等修饰时。He is the very man that

7、I am looking for.他正是我要找的人。当先行词既指人又指事物时。Can you tell me the people and events that you saw in Britain?你能告诉我你在英国见到的人和事吗？句子中出现which或who之类的词，为了避免重复，要用that。Which of the books that had pictures was worth reading?哪本有图画的书值得读呢？(2)关系代词用which不用that的情况which可引导非限制性定语从句，that则不能。He was late for class again, which

8、made his teacher angry.他上课又迟到了，这让他的老师很生气。which之前可以有介词；that之前则不能有介词。I will never forget the year in which I worked there.我永远不会忘记在那儿工作的那一年。3关系代词as引导的定语从句as可以用作关系代词引导限制性定语从句时，主句部分往往出现such, as, so, the same，as在从句中可作主语、宾语、表语。We do the same work as they (do)我们和他们干同样的活。I have never seen such a clever man a

9、s he is.我从来没见过像他那样聪明的人。集中演练111.单句语法填空Nobody wants the house whose roof has fallen in.A letter that/which is written in pencil is difficult to read.He is not the same man as he was.The man who/that was here yesterday is a painter.He is the man who/whom I saw yesterday.I hope to get such a dictionary

10、as he is using.12.用关系代词that或which填空This is the house in which Lu Xun used to live. That is all that I want to say. The first place that they visited in Guilin was Elephant Trunk Hill.This is the best film that I have ever seen. This is the very dictionary that I want to buy.He had failed in the math

11、s exam，which made his father very angry.They talked about the things and persons that they remembered.语法点二关系副词的用法关系副词的一般用法列表如下：关系副词指代先行词所充当的成分when时间时间名词状语where地点地点名词状语why原因reason状语Ill never forget the day when we once stayed together.我从未忘记我们曾一起度过的那一天。The guide showed the tourists to the room where L

12、uxun was born.导游把客人领去看鲁迅出生的那个房间。That is the reason why he lost his job.这就是他为什么失去工作的原因。名师点津(1)why引导定语从句时，先行词必须是reason。(2)当先行词是case, point, situation, condition, position等抽象地点时，若从句中不缺少主干成分，要用where引导定语从句。Constant practice has erased my accent to a point where people think Im a native speaker.经常练习使我的口音到

13、了一个阶段人们认为我是当地人。(3)当先行词是表示时间或地点的词时，一定要注意分析从句的结构，如果缺少主语、宾语或表语，关系词应用that或which；缺少时间状语或地点状语时，才能用when或where。Ill remember the day that I spent with you last year.我将记住去年我和你一起度过的那一天。Ill remember the day when I worked there.我将记住我在那儿工作的那一天。集中演练221.用关系词填空I still remember the year when I became a college studen

14、t.I still remember the year that/which we spent together.That is the reason why he is leaving so soon.The reason that/which he offered was unbelievable.I forgot the house where the Smiths lived.I forgot the house that/which we often played together in. This is a point that we must insist on.I will s

15、how you the point where you fail.22.完成句子我们绝不会忘记中华人民共和国诞生的那一天。Well never forget the day when the Peoples Republic of China was founded他工作的办公室在二楼。The office where he works is on the second floor. 他没来的原因没有弄清楚。The reason why he didnt come was not made clear. 在某些情况下，这条规则不合适。 There are some cases where th

16、is rule is not appropriate从这项工作中你能学到一些东西。 This is a job where you can learn something. 语法点三“介词关系代词”引导的定语从句“介词关系代词”可以引导定语从句，其中的关系代词一般是which和whom，不可用that。1该结构中有些介词来自从句中的短语动词，这类从句中的介词也可以放在从句的末尾，这时关系代词可以用that，whom，which，who，也可以省略。The man with whom I talked just now is my father.The man (that/who/whom) I

17、 talked with just now is my father.我刚才与之谈话的那个男子是我的父亲。介词如果是定语从句中短语动词的固定部分，要放在动词之后，多半不拆开用。Is this the book which he is looking for？(不可将for放在which之前) 这是他正在找的书吗？2在of which/whom之前可以使用表达数量或定位的数词或代词。There are 54 students in my class, three of whom come from the US.我班有54个同学，其中三个来自美国。The professor has three

18、sons, all of whom are teaching in the same university.教授有三个儿子，他们在同一所大学教书。3关系副词when, where, why可改为“介词which”。Ill never forget the day when/on which I joined the army.我永远忘不了我参军的那一天。集中演练331.用合适的介词填空The speed at which light travels is 300，000 kilometres per second.I dont know the old woman to whom I gave

19、 the umbrella yesterday.I live in a room the window of which opens to the south.He built a telescope through which he could study the skies.Is this the car for which you paid a high price?This was the time at which she left for Beijing.32.用“介词关系代词”完成句子纽约以其摩天大楼而出名，其中最高的有100多层。New York is famous for i

20、ts skyscrapers, the highest of which has more than 100 storeys.我们寄给他礼物的那个人是位法学博士。The man to whom we sent the present is a doctor of laws.这就是我来时乘坐的火车。This is the train by which I came因特网上信息太多了，其中一些不可靠。Theres too much information on the Internet, some of which is unreliable这就是我出生的城镇。This is the town i

21、n which I was born链接高考单句语法填空1(2015全国卷语法填空)Id skipped nearby Guilin, a dream place for tourists seeking the limestone mountain tops and dark waters of the Li River that/which are pictured by artists in so many Chinese paintings.解析：根据句意和句子结构可知此处是一个定语从句，因为先行词是物，且引导词在定语从句中作主语，所以用that或which引导从句。2(2015广东高

22、考语法填空)When harvest came around, he was already selling herbs, vegetables and cotton in the market where people from the towns met regularly.解析：从句中缺少地点状语，故用where引导定语从句，修饰先行词market。3(2015浙江高考)Creating an atmosphere in which/where employees feel part of a team is a big challenge.解析：句意：创造一种雇员感觉是其中一员的氛围是

23、一个大的挑战。这是一个定语从句，in the atmosphere在氛围中，是一个固定搭配，所以可将先行词换成关系代词，构成in which引导定语从句，此处也可以是where。4(2015安徽高考)Some experts think reading is the fundamental skill upon which school education depends.解析：句意：一些专家认为阅读是学校教育所依赖的基本技能。介词后只能用which或whom来构成定语从句的引导词。5(2015湖南高考)I am looking forward to the day when my daugh

24、ter can read this book and know my feelings for her.解析：从句中不缺少主干成分，故排除关系代词，先行词是指时间的词，故用关系副词when。6(2015陕西高考)As the smallest child of his family, Alex is always longing for the time when he should be able to be independent.解析：句意：作为家里最小的孩子，Alex总是渴望他能够有独立的时间。这里使用定语从句，先行词是the time，定语从句中缺少时间状语，用关系副词when。7(

25、2015天津高考)The boss of the company is trying to create an easy atmosphere where his employees enjoy their work. 解析：句意：公司老板正尽力创造一种轻松的气氛，在这种气氛中，其员工喜欢他们的工作。句中先行词为atmosphere，在从句中作地点状语，故用关系副词where。8(2014重庆高考)Well reach the sales targets in a month which/that we set at the beginning of the year.解析：句意：再有一个月就

26、能完成年初制订的销售目标。which指代targets，在从句中充当set的宾语。 9(2014福建高考)Students should involve themselves in community activities where they can gain experience for growth.解析：副词where引导的定语从句修饰先行词community activities，且在从句中作地点状语。10(2014湖南高考)I am looking forward to the day when my daughter can read this book and know my

27、feelings for her.解析：先行词是day，关系词在从句中做时间状语，应用关系副词when。11(2014陕西高考)Please send us all the information that you have about the candidate for the position.解析：先行词是information，指物，关系词在从句中做及物动词have的宾语，且先行词用不定代词all修饰，关系词只能用that。12(2014安徽高考)The exact year which/that Angela and her family spent together in Chin

28、a was 2008.解析：考查定语从句。先行词是exact year，定语从句中的动词spent是及物动词，后面缺少宾语所以填that/which。13(2014山东高考)A company whose profits from home markets are declining may seek opportunities abroad.解析：句意：国内市场利润萎缩的公司可能会寻求国外市场的机会。空格后名词profits和先行词company形成所属关系，故填whose。14(2014江苏高考)The book has helped me greatly in my daily comm

29、unication, especially at work where a good impression is a must.解析：先行词为work，可以理解为抽象的地点；而从句部分不缺主语也不缺宾语，因此可以排除关系代词，而选择可以做状语的关系副词where。 句意为“这本书在日常交际中给予我很大的帮助，尤其是在第一印象至关重要的工作中。”15(2014江西高考)Among the many dangers which/that sailors have to face, probably the greatest of all is fog.解析：句意：在士兵面对的很多危险中，也许最大的

30、危险是雾吧！在定语从句中关系代词which指代先行词the many dangers在句中作为动词face的宾语，可以省略。针对演练.单句语法填空1He is wearing the same coat as will make everyone laugh at the sight of it.2In the dark street，there wasnt a single person to whom she could turn for help.3This is the best film that Ive ever seen.4Is there anything that I can do for you?5Do you still remember the chicken farm where we stayed three months ago?6Is this the reason that/which he explained at the meeting for his carelessness?7We are in a position whe