人教版新目标八年级英语上册各单元知识详解.docx

1、人教版新目标八年级英语上册各单元知识详解人教版新目标八年级英语上册各单元知识详解(1)Unit 1 How often do you exercise？【重要词汇】ever adv.曾经once adv.一次twice adv.两次internet n. 互联网program n.节目单， （电脑）程序hilltop n.山顶result n.结果， 成果key n.提醒，提示， 线索， 答案translate v.翻译song n.歌曲junk n.垃圾， 破烂物，废弃的旧物milk n.牛奶interviewer n.采访者habit n.习惯，习性difference n.不同，差异，区

2、别grade n. 分数，成绩，年级although conj.虽然，即使，纵然unhealthy adj.不健康的， 不益健康的skateboarding n. 溜滑板运动【重要词组】how often多久一次as for至于，关于junk food 垃圾食品eating habit 饮食习惯of course 当然look after 照顾，照看start with 以开始make a difference 使得结果不同，有重要性go shopping 去购物have a party 聚会go to the movie 去看电影once a week 每周一次hardly ever 很少t

3、wice a week 每周两次three times a week 每周三次watch TV看电视on weekend 在周末do homework 做作业a lot of 许多try to do试图（努力）做某事 help sb (to) do sth.帮助某人做某事 the same as和相同keep in good health 保持身体健康【重要词句详解】1. Lets look at the following words and their usage（让我们看看下面的这些词及其用法）.always 一直，总是 usually 通常 often 经常 sometimes 有时候

4、 hardly ever 很少，几乎没有 never 从不这些词都是表示频率的副词,但是在程度上有差别。通常用于一般现在时。如： I always have some milk for my breakfast. 我早餐总是喝牛奶。 He usually gets up at 6:30 in the morning. 他通常早上6：30起床。 He often does homework before dinner time. 他经常晚餐前做作业。 He sometimes goes to movies on Friday evening. 他有时周五晚上去看电影。 I hardly /eve

5、r eat out at noon. 我很少中午在外就餐。 I never arrive late for school. 我从没有到校晚过。Seldom/rarelyseldom,表示频率，很少，不常，反义词oftenrarely,很少地，难得地，少见地 He seldom eats breakfast.他很少吃早餐。Irarely eat in restaurants.我很少在饭馆吃饭。2.英语中表次数的用法 once一次, twice两次, three times三次, four times四次 我们可以看出表示次数的词，除了“一次，两次”特殊外，后面的次数都是“基数词+times”构成

6、。 另外同学们还要记住以下词组： once（twice）a day/ week/ month/ year每天（周/月/年）一（两）次 3. all, most, some, no的用法及差异。 all “所有的，全体的” All students do homework after school. Last night, I cooked all the vegetables in the fridge. most “大多数的” Moststudents play computer games on weekends. some “一些” Some students go to English

7、 movies every day. no “没有”，注意这里no是形容词。 No students read English novels. 我们可以看出： all, most, some, no放在名词的前面做定语，表示数量的多少。 4. My mother wants me to drink it.我妈妈想要我喝。 want sb. to do sth.想要某人干某事。e.g. I want you to help me with my math.我想要你帮我学数学。 5. She says its good for health.她说喝牛奶对健康有益。 be good for对有好处。

8、e.g. Eating vegetables and fruit is good for our health. Doing eye-exercise is good for our eyes. 6. How many hours do you sleep every night?你每天晚上睡几个小时？ 这是一个特殊疑问句。“How many +名词”构成了特殊疑问词。 注意：How many后跟可数名词的复数形式。e.g. How many apples do you have? How many students are there in your class? 如果名词是不可数名词，要用

9、“How much +不可数名词”。e.g. How much milk do you drink each time? How much water do we need every day?【课文解析3a】 but Im pretty healthyI exercise every day, usually when I come home from schoolAnd my eating habits are pretty goodI try to eat a lot of vegetables, usually ten to eleven times a weekAnd I eat f

10、ruit every day and I drink milk every dayOf course, I love junk food, too, but I try to eat it only once a week, oh, and I sleep nine hours every nightSo you see, I look after my healthAnd my healthy lifestyle helps me get good gradeGood food and exercise help me to study better 1pretty表示“十分”作副词用，我们

11、以前学过quite和very也有这种意思。其中它们的程度由浅入深为quiteprettyverye.g. He is quite serious It sounds pretty good Nina can sing English songs very well 2I exercise every day, usually when I come home from school 我每天锻炼身体，通常是放学后。 3eating habits“饮食习惯”。 4try to do sth意为“尽力去做某事”。 Try to get here early He tried to pass the

12、exam 5ten to eleven times a week“每周十到十一次”。 注意这种表达。“to”为介词。 翻译：（1）两到三次。twice to three times （2）每月四到五次。four to five times a month 6Of course“当然”。 7So you see, I look after my health“所以你看，我很在意我的健康”。 look after意为“照顾、照看”。e.g. Can you look after my baby when I leave? Please look after your own bags carefu

13、lly look还可以和许多词搭配，但意思不一样。 （1）look at“看，认真地看”。e.g. Please look at the blackboard Some people are looking at the notice （2）look for“寻找”。e.g. Old Henry looked for his dogs, but he didnt find it Im looking for my lost pen 8Good food and exercise help me to study better好的饮食和锻炼帮助我学得更好。 help sb. to do sth.

14、 better帮助某人把某事做得更好。e.g.Shehelps me to know the information for going abroadbetter.她帮我更好地了解到出国的信息。help sb. with sth.帮某人做某事。e.g.Stella helps me with my history.【重要句型】 1. What do you usually do on weekends?你通常周末做什么？ 2. I usually play soccer.我通常踢足球。 3. What does he do on weekends?他周末做什么？ 4. He sometimes

15、 watches TV.他有时候看电视。 5. How often do you shop?你多长时间购物一次？ 6. I shop once a month.我一个月购物一次。 7. How often does he watch TV?他多长时间看一次电视？ 8. He watches TV twice a week.他每周看两次电视。【由how often谈起】我们已经学习了always, usually, often, sometimes, never等表示时间频度的副词。这些词通常用来说明在一段时间内做某事的多少或某种状态存在的次数的多少。例如：We usually get up a

16、t half past six我们通常六点半起床。Sometimes he goes to see his grandpa on weekends周末，他有时候去看望爷爷。但是，在日常生活中，我们不可能总是用陈述句来表达自己的或他人的一些行动，或者事物所存在的状态。我们还要向对方提出一些问题，请求对方回答。在这种情况下，我们还要用疑问句。请看下面几组对话：1How often do you play football? I usually play football after school2How often does Mary go to the concert? She often go

17、es to it on Saturday evening3How often does my daughter take the medicine? Three times a day不知大家是否注意到，我们针对上面所说的频度副词和表示“在某段时间内某种动作的次数”的状语提问时，都要用how often。换句话说，如果要回答由how often提问的句子，我们通常要用频度副词或诸如every day, each week, once a week, twice a day, four times a month等来回答。e.g.4How often do you borrow books fr

18、om the library? Twice a month5How often does your mother do the washing? She does it every day6How often can you go to the movie? Once a week在大家所做的练习中，常见的有“句型转换”。这种题型有一种“就划线部分提问”，要求针对陈述句中的划线部分提出问题（也就是把陈述句变成特殊疑问句），其中就有针对上面所说的频度副词或every day, each week, once a week, twice a day, four times a month等提问的句

19、子。这时候自然要用how often来提问了。e.g.Jack watches TV three times a weekHow often does Jack watch TV?Our school has a sports meeting twice a yearHow often does your school have a sports meeting?要注意的是，陈述句在变成这种特殊疑问句时，其结构是：How often+助动词+主语+实义动词+其它成分？或：How often+系动词be+主语+其它成分？How often ?和How long ? 1）How often do

20、you watch TV?你多长时间看一次电视？ 回答可以是下面的任何一种： Every day./ Once a week./Three times a week./ Often./ 2）How long do you usually watch TV?你通常看多长时间电视？ 回答可以是下面的任何一种： About one hour./ Three hours. / Thirty minutes./ 从以上例句中可以看出： how often意为“多久一次”；how long意为“多长时间”。【语法知识聚焦】一般现在时The Simple Present Tense一般现在时的特殊疑问句 L

21、ets look at the following sentences first（让我们先看看下面的句子）. 1) What do you usually do on weekends? 2) What does he do on weekends? 3) How often do you shop? 4) How often does he watch TV? 5) How many hours do you sleep every night? 一般现在时的特殊疑问句的构成： 特殊疑问词+一般疑问句 这里的特殊疑问词指what, what time, where, when, which

22、, who, whom, whose, why, how, how many, how much, how long, how often一般现在时表示现在的状态He is twelve.他十二岁。They are at home. 他们在家。表示经常性或习惯性的动作I go to school at seven every day.He plays soccer on Sundays.表示主语具备的性格和能力等She likes apples.They speak Japanese.She is medium build.肯定式I am a cleaner.You are right.He

23、/ She / It is here.We / You / They are outgoing 否定式I am not aYou are notHe / She / It is notWe / You / They are not否定式和疑问式We go to school at seven every day.We dont go to school at seven.Do you go to school at seven?Yes, we do.（No, we dont.）否定式和疑问式He goes to school at seven every day. He doesnt go t

24、o school at seven.Does he go to school at seven?Yes, he does.(No, he doesnt.)一般现在时常和表示时间频度的副词连用。如：often, usually, sometimes, always, never, hardly ever等。1. I often read books in the evening2. Do they usually go to school by bike?3. He doesnt like milk. He never drinks it.4. Sometimes my mother gets

25、back at five.一般现在时常和以下时间表达法连用。如：in the morning, in the afternoon, in the evening, at noon, at night,every day,on Sunday(s), at seven等。Do they have math in the morning?She sleeps nine hours every night.It takes me two hours to do my homework every day.They dont have classes on Sundays.动词第三人称单数的构成：1、直

26、接加-slooklooksreadreads playplaysstopstops2.在字母s, x,ch,sh,o后加-esmissmissesfixfixes watchwatcheswashwashes gogoesdo-does3.辅音字母加y结尾的动词去y为i，再加-escarry carriesstudy studies hurry hurries cry cries4.特殊的have - has【语法练习】 选择填空( ) 1.A: How often _ she exercise? B: Twice a week. A. do B. does C. doingD. did( )

27、 2. I _ like to drink milk.A.not B. doesnt C. dont D. no( ) 3. Good food and exercise _ me to study bettter.A. help B. helps C. helping D. to help( ) 4. Is her lifestyle(生活方式) the same _ yours or different?A. as B. in C. at D. to( ) 5. I like _ for breakfast.A. a bookB. a rulerC. an egg D. a sofa( )

28、 6. The _are $21.A. glasses B. shoe C. table D. bike( ) 7. Tennis _ my favourite sport.A. are B. is C. am D. be( ) 8. I have a tennis and my friend Jim _ two tennis rackets.A. have B. play C. plays D. has( ) 9. “Lets play computer games.”“That _ interesting.”A. looks B. sounds C. listens D. reads( )10. My father likes football. But he _ it. He only _ football matches on TV!A. plays, watches B. play, watchC. doesnt play, watches D. plays, doesnt watch【参考答案与解题思路】 【参考答案】1. B 2. C 3. A