句型结构.docx

1、句型结构Sentence patterns:1. Simple Sentences1.1 S+Vt+宾语1.1.1 S+Vt+Oa. n/proneg. I like the bookb.to doeg.He decided to give up smoking.c.Ving eg.I cant help laughing.Admit; appreciate; anticipate; avoid; cant help; cant stand; cant resist; Consider; delay; postpone; deny; fancy; dislike; dont mind; min

2、d; enjoy; Practice; put off; suggest; look forward to; resumed. to do/doingneed/want/require+ to be done /doingstart /begin +to do/doingforget/remember/regret +to do/doingstop/go on + to do/doingmean to do/doing+ clauseeg. They proved that the earth was round.1.1.2 S+V+O1+O2a. n/pron +neg. I owed hi

3、m $50.eg.She kissed her mother goodbye.eg. Mary envy you your slender stature.b. n/pron +clauseeg. Tom reminds me that we are meeting at 8.Eg. He assured the passengers that there was no danger.1.1.3 S+v+ O+ complement (补语) a. Adj.补语为形容词Eg She found his job rather boring.Eg I consider him trustworth

4、y.Eg The fact has proved his view right.Eg I wish you happy.b. n. 补语为名词eg We all call the book a masterpiece.Eg They call their daughter Mary.c. adv. 补语为副词Eg We went to her house but found her out.d. prep. Phrases补语为介词短语eg. I found her in better shapewhen we met again.e. to do/do补语为动词不定式advise/allow

5、/require/invite/force/want/permit/prefer + sb. to do sth.make/let/have/hear/notice/watch/feel sb. do sthf. 补语为ved/vinghear/see/watch/find/get/have/notice/make/keep + n +ved/vingEg You must make yourself respected.1.2 S +Vi1.2.1 S + Vi The sun is rising.2.2.2 S +Vi +adv Do you sleep well? The window

6、wont shut. This cloth washes well. This book sells well.1.3 S + link verb +表语a. 表语为adj eg She felt angry.b. 表语为adveg.Tom is out.c. 表语为n/proneg He appeared a fool.Eg It sounds good.d. 表语为prep phraseeg The meeting is of importance.The workers were on strike.e. 表语为to doeg Your job is to make sure that

7、the work is finished on schedule.f. 表语为clauseeg The reason for my lateness is that I missed the bus.Eg This is what I wish to do.2. Complex Sentences2.1 Nominal sentences2.2 Attributive sentences2.3 Adverbial sentences2.1 Nominal sentences led by “that, what, whatever, when, who, whom, why” and so o

8、n.2.1.1 Subject ClauseEg1That price will go up is certain.= It is certain that the price will go up. It is said/ reported/believed/proved/estimated thatIt is obvious/apparent/clear thatIt is important/critical/crucial/essential/necessary/urgent thatEg2What he did was right.What is over is over.Whoev

9、er comes will be welcome.Why he left wasnt important.When he will be back depends much on the weather.2.1.2 Object ClauseEg I hear (that) she has joined the club.I remember that he once told about that.Show me what youve bought.She began to criticize what I had done.Take whichever seat you like.Give

10、 it to whomever you like.2.1.3 Appositive ClauseEg. There was no doubt that he was a fine doctor.I have come to the conclusion that it wont be wise to do so.There is some possibility that he may be late.I had no idea why she left.2.2 Attributive sentences限制性定语从句结构模式：A 先行词+关系代词（that/which/who/whom/wh

11、ose）+句子B 先行词+关系副词(when/where/why)+句子C 先行词+介词+关系代词(which/whom/whose)+句子Eg1 He is the person who means what he says.Eg2The foreigners whom you met on the campus yesterday are from Canada.Eg 3 Is there anyone in your class whose father is a doctor?Eg 4 I like the book whose color is blue.Eg 5 Many peop

12、le like to read those stories that are interesting.Eg 6 This is my favorite book which/that I choose.2.2.1 定语从句中引导词that 与which 的异同2.2.1.1只能用that不能用which的情况a. 当先行词既指人又指物eg He talked of the man and the books that interested him.b. 当先行词为all或指物的不定代词(anything/nothing/everything/much/little/none)eg All th

13、at I want is peace . c. 当先行词被only/all/any/every/no/some/very/few/first/second修饰时eg. Any boy that wants to succeed must work hard.d. 当先行词被形容词最高级修饰时eg Newton was one of the greatest men that ever lived.He is the cleverest man that I have met.He is the first student that has arrived here.2.2.1.2在非限制性定语

14、从句中只能用which不能用thateg It is said that our class is the most excellent one in Great one, which makes me happy.She said: “We has done our best”, which was true.AS the history says, the past was not wonderful.AS is shown by the history, the past was not wonderful.2.2.2 先行词+关系副词(when/where/why)+句子eg I sh

15、all never forget the day when we first met.That is the place where he stayed when he was in London.The reason why she came so early is her own affair.I thought the reason that/which he gave was believable.2.2.3先行词+介词+关系代词(which/whom/whose)+句子中介词来源eg He is telling the story of Leifeng, of whom every

16、one of us is proud.I cant remember the age at which he won the prize.Sound is a tool by means of which people communicate with each other.This is the ring on which she spent $1000.2.3 Adverbial sentences 2.3.1 时间状语从句(when, as, since, while, before, after, until, till, whenever, the minute, the secon

17、d/the moment, as soon as, no sooner than, hardly when, scarcely when)Eg. No sooner had she arrived than she began to complain.Hardly had we got out when it began to snow.Scarcely had I come in when the phone rang.2.3.2地点状语从句Eg Where there is a will, there is a way.Where there is fire, there is smoke

18、.2.3.3 条件状语从句Eg If it rains, well put of the meeting.I will go there tomorrow unless it rains.Supposing/suppose/Assuming (that ) you lost your job tomorrow ,what wouldyou do?We will stand by you even if you dont succeed.2.3.4原因状语从句 (because/as /since/now that) eg Now that youve on your own, you shou

19、ld deal with it by yourself.2.3.5结果状语从句（so/so that/sothat/suchthat） eg He ran so fast that nobody could catch up with him.So fast did he run that nobody could catch up with him.2.3.6 让步状语从句(although/though/even though/even if/no matter how/while/as)Eg Although everyone played well, we lost the game.

20、While they are my neighbors, I dont know them well.Clever though she was, she couldnt pass the exam.Intelligent as he was, he had not had insight.2.3.7目的状语从句(in order that /so that/lest /in case that/for fear that以防万一)eg He hid the money, lest it should be stolen.She worried for fear that her son would be hurt.Please call 119 in case that the fire happens.2.3.8方式状语从句（as/the way）eg When at Rome, do as the Romans do.I was never allowed to do things the way I wanted to do.2.3.9比较状语从句You sing better than I do.