英汉翻译常用技巧Word格式文档下载.docx

1、enormous power to fight disease and sickness. 1990年以来，随着技术的迅速发展，医学界大大提高了战胜疾病的能力。（三） 根据可数或不可数6、After their interview，he compares not their experience（不可数），but their statistics面试以后，他并不比较他们的经验，而是比较他们的统计数字。7、Our journey to Tibet was quite an experience.（可数）我们的西藏之旅真是一次难忘的经历。二、在翻译过程中如何进行词义的引申? 引申是指从原词的内在含

2、义出发，结合语境和译入语的表达习惯，在译文中对某些词作一定的语义调整，以达到忠实、通顺的目的。英译汉时常常会遇到许多单词，按词典上给的词义来翻译，译文就会生硬难懂，甚至造成意思上的曲解。因此，需对词义进行必要的变动，引申出能表达词语内在含义的新的表达方式。引申既可化具体为抽象，也可化抽象为具体。（一）具体抽象 8、Were it left to an American to decide whether they should have agovernment without newspapers or newspapers without a government，he should not

3、 hesitate a moment to prefer the latter.如果让一个美国人决定要没有言论自由的政府还是要言论自由而无政府的国家，他会毫不犹豫地选择后者。9、There were times when emigration bottleneck was extremely rigid andnobody was allowed to leave the country out of his personal preference. 过去有过这种情况:移民限制极为严格，不许任何人出于个人考虑而迁居他国。分析：bottleneck本指“瓶颈”，由于具有使缓慢和阻滞的效果，因而被

4、抽象地引申为“限制”。（二）抽象具体 10、While there are almost as many definitions of history as there arehistorians，modern practice most closely conforms to one that sees history as the attempt to recreate and explain the significant events of the past. 几乎每个史学家对史学都有自己的界定，但现代史学家们的观点都趋向于认为史学是试图重现并阐明过去发生的重大事件。11、When t

5、he Jones were little，they were forbidden to set foot there，because of the revolting language and of what they might catch. 琼斯家里的人，小时候是不允许走进那里的，生怕学到一些下流话，或沾染上什么毛病。12、All the irregularities of the students in that university resulted in punishment.那所大学的学生作出的任何越轨行为都会受到处罚。3.如何使用“增补法”进行翻译?英汉两种语言，由于表达方式不尽

6、相同，翻译时既可能要将词类加以转换，又可能要在词量上加以增减。增补法就是在翻译时按意义上和句法上的需要增加一些词来更忠实通顺地表达原文的思想内容。这当然不是无中生有地随意增词，而是增加原文中虽无其词而有其意的一些词。（1）词汇加词 1）增加名词 13、According to scientists，it takes nature500years to create an inch of topsoil.根据科学家们的看法，自然界要用500年的时间才能形成一英寸厚的表面土壤。14、From agreement on this general goal，we have，unfortunately，

7、in the pastproceeded to disagreement on specific goals，and from there to total inaction. 遗憾的是，过去我们在总的目标方面意见是一致的，但涉及各个具体目标时，意见就不一致了，因而也就根本不能采取什么行动。2）增加动词16、The cities utilize these funds for education，police and fire departments，public works and municipal buildings. 市政府将这些资金用于兴办教育事业，加强治安消防，投资公共建筑和市政工

8、程。3）增加形容词 19、What a sight！多美的景色啊!4）增加副词 21、Theory is something，but practice is everything. 理论固然重要，实践尤其重要。22、He was fascinated by the political processesthe wheeling and dealing of presidential politics，the manipulating，releasing and leaking of news，the public and private talks. 一幕幕政治花招使他看入了迷:总统竞选活动中

9、的勾心斗角，尔虞我诈;对新闻消息的幕后操纵，公开发表和有意透露，以及公开和秘密的谈话。5）增加表示名词复数的词 23、When the plants died and decayed，they formed layers of organic materials. 植物腐烂后，形成了一层层有机物。24、Things in the universe are changing all the time. 宇宙中万物总是在不断变化的。25、There is enough coal to meet the worlds needs for centuries to come. 有足够的煤来满足全世界未

10、来几个世纪的需要。6）增加语气词 26、Dont be childish.Im only joking. 别孩子气了嘛，这只不过是开玩笑罢了。7）增加量词 28、A red sun rose slowly from the calm sea. 一轮红日从风平浪静的海面冉冉升起。8）增加概况词 29、It leads the discussion to extremes at the outset;it invites you to thinkthat animals should be treated either with the consideration humansextend to

11、other humans，or with no consideration at all. 这种说法从一开始就将讨论引向两个极端，使人们觉得要么就像关心自身一样关心动物，要么就完全不顾它们的死活。30、The thesis summed up the new achievements made in electronic computers，artificial satellites and rockets. 论文总结了电子计算机、人造卫星和火箭三方面的新成就。31、We have got great achievements militarily，politically and econom

12、ically. 我们在军事、政治、经济等方面取得了巨大的成绩。（2）逻辑加词 1）增加连接词 32、Could you imagine what a fool I would make myself without that sum of money on me?你能想象我要是身上没带那笔钱，该显得多傻吗?2）增加承上启下的词 33、Yes，I like Chinese food.Lots of people do these days，sort of the fashion. 不错，我喜欢中国菜。现在很多人喜欢中国菜，这种情况算是有点赶时髦吧!（3）语法加词 增加表示时态的词 34、Huma

13、ns have been dreaming of copies of themselves for thousands of years. 千百年来，人类一直梦想制造出自己的复制品。35、The high_altitude plane was and still is a remarkable bird. 高空飞行过去是而且现在仍还是一种了不起的飞行器。4.如何使用“重复法”进行翻译?重复法实际上也是一种增词法，只不过所增加的词是上文刚刚出现过的词。 （1）为了明确 1）重复名词 36、I had experienced oxygen and/or engine trouble. 我曾碰到过，

14、不是氧气设备出故障，就是引擎出故障，或两者都出故障。37、Water can be decomposed by energy，a current of electricity. 水可由能量来分解，所谓能量也就是电流。2）重复动词 38、They wanted to determine if he complied with the terms of his employment and his obligations as an American. 他们想要确定，他是否履行了受雇条件，是否履行了作为美国公民所应尽的职责。39、He supplied his works not only wit

15、h biographies，but with portraits of their supposed authors. 他不仅在他的作品上提供作者传记，而且还提供假想作者的画像。3）重复代词 40、Big powers have their strategies while small countries also have their own lines. 强国有强国的策略，小国有小国的路线。41、He hated failure;he had conquered it all his life，risen above it，despised it in others. 他讨厌失败，他一生中

16、曾战胜失败，超越失败，并且藐视别人的失败。（2）为了强调 1）英语原文中有词的重复，译成汉语有时可以保持同样的词的重复。42、Work while you work，play while you play. 工作时工作，游戏时游戏。2）英语原文中有词的重复，译成汉语有时可以用同义词重复。43、They would read and re_read the secret notes. 他们往往一遍又一遍地反复琢磨这些密件。（3）为了生动 1）运用两个四字词组 44、He showed himself calm in an emergency situation. 他在情况危急时，态度从容，镇定自

17、若。2）运用词的重叠 45、I wasnt evasive in my reply. 我的回答并不躲躲闪闪。3）运用四字对偶词组 46、The trial，in his opinion，was absolutely fair. 据他看来，这次审判是绝对公平合理的。5.如何使用“减词法（省略法）”进行翻译?省略是指原文中有些词在译文中不译出来，因为其在译文中是不言而喻的。换言之，省略是删去一些可有可无的，或者有了反嫌累赘或违背译文语言习惯的词。但省略并不是把原文的某些思想内容删去。（1）冠词的省略 47、Because the bodys defense system is damaged，th

18、e patient has littleability to fight off many other diseases. 由于人体的免疫系统遭到破坏，病人几乎没有什么能力来抵抗许许多多其他疾病的侵袭。48、Any substance is made up of atoms whether it is a solid，a liquid，or a gas. 任何物质，无论它是固体、液体或气体，都是由原子构成的。（2）代词的省略 49、The desert animals can hide themselves from the heat during the daytime. 沙漠中的兽类能躲避

19、白天的炎热天气。50、We all took it for granted that he would attend the meeting，but in the end he never turned up. 我们都想当然地以为他会来开会，但直到最后他也没有露面。51、We live and learn. 活到老，学到老。（3）连词的省略 52、Like charges repel each other while opposite charges attract. 同性电荷相斥，异性电荷相吸。53、He looked gloomy and troubled. 他看上去有些忧愁不安。54、I

20、f winter comes，can spring be far behind?冬天来了，春天还会远吗?（4）介词的省略 55、The density of air varies directly as pressure，with temperature being constant温度不变，空气的密度和压力成正比。56、Smoking is prohibited in public places.公共场所不许吸烟。57、A body in motion remains in motion unless acted on by an external force. 如果没有外力的作用，运动的物

21、体仍然保持运动状态。（5）同位语前置名词的省略 58、Behaviorists，in contrast，say that differences in scores are due to the fact that blacks are often deprived of many of the educational and other environmental advantages that whites enjoy. 相反，行为主义者认为，成绩的差异是由于黑人往往被剥夺了白人在教育及其他环境方面所享有的许多有利条件。在同位句中，the fact就是指that所引导的blacks are

22、 often deprived ofthat whites enjoy.在翻译成汉语时，就可以省略the fact，以免显得累赘。（6）同义词或近义词的省略 59、Technology is the application of scientific method and knowledge to industry to satisfy our material needs and wants. 技术就是在工业上应用科学方法和科学知识以满足我们物质上的需求。例句原文中的needs and wants是近义词，在英语中常一起出现，但从中文的角度来看，表达的是同一个意思。所以译文可以简洁一些。60

23、、 Insulators in reality conduct electricity but，nevertheless，their resistanceis very high. 绝缘体实际上也导电，但其电阻很高。 but，nevertheless是近义词，在文中都表示“但是”。6.在翻译过程中，如何进行词类转换?在英译汉过程中，有些句子可以逐词对译，有些句子则由于英汉两种语言的表达方式不同，就不能用“一个萝卜一个坑”的方法来逐词对译。原文中有些词在译文中需要转换词类，才能使汉语译文通顺自然。 （1）转译成动词 1）名词转换成动词 61、Interest in historical meth

24、ods has arisen，less through external challenge to the validity of history as an intellectual discipline and more from internal quarrels among historians themselevs. 人们之所以关注历史研究的方法，主要是因为史学家们内部分歧过大，其次才是因为外界并不认为历史是一门学科。 interest在原文中是名词，而在译文中为了符合中文的表达方式，在不改变意思的前提下，将它改成动词。62、With the click of a mouse，inf

25、ormation from the other end of the globe will be transported to your computer screen at the dizzying speed of seven_and_a_half times around the earth per second. 只要一点鼠标，来自世界另一端的信息便会以每秒绕地球七周半的惊人速度传输到你的电脑屏幕上。2）形容词转换成动词 63、Additional social stresses may also occur because of the populationexplosion pro

26、blems arising from mass migration movementsthemselves made relatively easy nowadays by modern means of transport. 由于人口的猛增或大量人口流动（现代交通工具使大量人口流动变得相对容易）所造成的种种问题也会增加社会压力。64、Doctors have said that they are not sure they can save his life. 医生们说他们不敢肯定能否救得了他的命。65、Success is dependent on his effort.成功与否取决于他的

27、努力。3）副词转换成动词 66、She opened the window to let fresh air in. 她把窗子打开，让新鲜空气进来。4）介词转换成动词 67、Many laboratories are developing medicines against AIDS. 许多实验室正在研制治疗艾滋病的药物。68、 “Coming!”Away she skimmed over the lawn，up the path，up the steps，across the veranda，and into the porch. “来了!”她转身蹦着跳着地跑了，越过草地，跑上小径，跨上台阶，穿过凉台，进了门廊。（2）转换成名词 1）动词转换成名词 69、The university aims at the first rate of the world.学校的目标是世界一流。70、The net and electronic commerce will foster a large number of free_fancers，and this will affect social structure in