考研英语常用词根词缀.doc

1、考研英语基础词汇1. 常见前缀序号类别小类前缀例示1否定纯否定a-, an-asymmetry, anhydrousdis-dishonest, dislikein-, ig-, il-, im-, ir-incapable, inability, ignoble, impossible, immoral, illegal, irregularne-, n-none, neither, nevernon-nonsenseneg-neglectun- unable, unemployment错误意义male-, mal-malfunction, maladjustmentmis-mistake,

2、 misleadpseudo-pseudonym, pseudoscience反动作意义de-defend, demodulationdis-disarm, disconnectun-unload, uncover相反、相互对立anti-, ant-antiknock, antiforeign, antisciencecontra-, contre-, contro-contradiction, controflowcounter-,counterreaction, counterbalanceob-, oc-, of-, op-object, oppose, occupywith-withd

3、raw, withstand2空间位置，方向关系在之上，向a-aboard, aside附近，邻近，边侧by-bypath, bypassHe bypassed his colleagues on the board and went ahead with the deal.周围，环绕，回转circum-, circu-circumstance, circuit, circum-Pacific island arccircum-Pacific volcanic belt在下，向下de-descend, degrade, dethrone,deport, deduce, derail, dele

4、te, depart, decamp, decode, deforest, decolonize, devaluation在内，进入en-, encage, enbed外部，外ex-, ec-, es-exit, eclipse, expand, export额外extra-,extraction在前面fore-forehead, foreground(用于b,m,p之前), ir-, 表示“向内，在内，背于”in-, il-, im-inland, invade, inside, import在间，相互inter-, intel-, international, interaction, i

5、nternet向内，在内，内侧intro-, introduce, introduce中，中间medi-, med-, mid-Mediterranean, midposition在上面，在外部，在外out-, outline, outside, outward在上面，在外部，向上over-,overlook, overhead, overboard向后，在后边，次post-,postscript在前、在前面pre-prefix, preface, preposition在前，向前pro-progress, proceed在下面，下sub-, suc-, suf-, sung-, sum-,

6、sup-, sur-, sus-subway, submarine, suffix, suppress, supplement在.之上super-, sur-superficial, surface, superstructure移上，转上，在那一边trans-translate, transform, transoceanic在.下面，下的under-underline, underground, underwater向上，向上面，在上up-upward, uphold, uphill3时间，序列关系先前，早于，预先ante-, anti-antecedent, anticipate先，故，

7、旧ex-expresident, exhusband在前面，先前，前面fore-forward, forecast, foretell中，中间mid-, medi-midnight, midsummer在后，后post-postwar在前，事先，预先pre-, pri-preheat, prewar, prehistory在前，先，前pro-prologue，prophet再一次，重新re-retell, rewrite4比较程度差别关系副，次要的by-byproduct, bywork超越，额外extra-extraordinary超过，极度hyper-hypersonic, hyperte

8、nsion超过，过分out-outdo, outbid超过，过度，太over-overeat, overdress, oversleep低，次，副，亚sub-, suc-, sur-subeditor, subordinate, subtropical超过super-, sur-supernature, superpower, surplus, surpass低劣，低下under-undersize, undergrown, underproduction副，次vice-vicepresident, vicechairman5共同，相等意思共同，一起com-, cop-, con-, cor-

9、, co-connect, combine, collect, combat, coexist, co-operate同，共，和，类syn-, syl-,sym-symmetry, sympathy, synthesis6整个完全意思完整，完全al-alone, almost, overall完全，全over-overall, overflow全，总，万pan-Panentheism, panorama7分离，离开意思分离，离开a-，ab-, abs-away, apart, abstract, abstain离去，处去de-depart, decolour分离，离开dis-, di-, di

10、f-divorce, disarm离开，分离ex-, e-expel, exclude, expatriate离开，脱离for-forget, forgive离开re-release, resolve分离，隔离se-separate, seduce, select8通过，遍及通过，横过dia-diameter, diagram通，总，遍per-, pel-perfect, perform, pervade横过，贯通trans-transparent, transmit, transport9加强强化a-arouse, ashamed加强ad-adjoin, adhere10变换词类作用的前缀b

11、e-, en-befriend, enslave, enable, enrichad-, ac-, af-, ag-, an-, ap-, ar-, as-, at-adapt, accord, affix, aggression, arrive, assist, attend, attract, arrange, assign11数量关系单一、一mon-, mono-monotone, monopoly, monarch单调uni-, un-uniform, unicellular二，两，双ambi-, bi-, bin-, di-, twi-ambiguous, amphibian, bi

12、cycle, diode, twilight三tri-tripod, tricycle十，十分之一deca, deco-, dec-, deci-decade, decimal百，百分之一hecto-, hect-, centi-hectometer, centimeter, centipede千，千分之一kilo-kilometer万，万分之一myria-, myri-, mega-, meg-, micro-myriametre, megabyte, microvolt许多，复，多数poly-, multi-polysyllable, multipmetre半，一半hemi-, demi-

13、, semi-, pene-, pen-hemisphere, demiofficial, semiconductor, semitransparent, peninsula12特殊意义首位，第一的，主要的arch-architect, archbishop自己，独立，自动auto-automobile, autobiography善，福bene-benefit优，美好eu-eugenics, euphemism恶，不良male-, mal-maltreatment, malodor大，宏大macro-macroscopic大magni-magnificent微micro-microscope

14、13术语听，声aud-audience生命，生物bio-biography地球，大地geo-Geography, geology, geometry, geopolitics, geochemistry, geophysics声，音调phon-phonograph远tele-television, telephone, telescope, telemeter2. 常见后缀序号类别小类前缀例示1名词后缀具有某种职业或动作的人-an, -ianAmerican, historian-alprincipal-ant,-entmerchant, agent, servant, student-ars

15、cholar, liar, peddler-ard, -artcoward, laggard, braggart-arianhumanitarian, vegetarian-arysecretary, missionary-atecandidate, graduate-atoreducator, speculator-cratdemocrat, bureaucrat-eeemployee, examinee-eerengineer , volunteer-erbanker, observer, Londoner, villager-eseJapanese, Cantonese-essactre

16、ss, hostess, manageress-euramateur, litterateur-ianChristian, physician, musician-icianelectrician, magician, technician-icistphysicist, phoneticist, technicist-icmechanic, critic-iedearie, auntie, lassie-iercavalier, clothier, brazier-ine, inaheroine, ballerina-istpianist, communist, dentist, artis

17、t, chemist-ivenative, captive-logistbiologist, geologist-orauthor, doctor, operator-steryoungster, gamester, songster名词后缀构成，具有抽象名词的含义-acyaccuracy, diplomacy-agecourage, storage, marriage-alrefusal, arrival, survival, denial, approval; manual, signal, editorial, journal-ance, -enceendurance, importan

18、ce, diligence, difference, obedience-ancy, -encyfrequency, urgency, efficiency,-bilitypossibility, feasibility-craftwoodcraft, handicraft, statecraft-cracybureaucracy, democracy-cybankruptcy , supremacy-domfreedom, kingdom, wisdom-ery, -rybravery, bribery, rivalry-etyvariety, dubiety-faction,-factur

19、esatisfaction, manufacture-hoodchildhood, manhood, falsehood-icenotice, justice, service-inemedicine, discipline, famine-ingbuilding, writing, learning-ion, -sion, -tion, -ation, -ition,action, solution, conclusion, destruction, expression, correction-iseexercise, merchandise-ismsocialism, criticism

20、 ; colloquialism, heroism-itypurity, reality, ability, calamity-menttreatment, movement, judgment, punishment, argument-monyceremony, testimony-nessgoodness, kindness, tiredness, friendlinessor, -ourfavor, error-ositycuriosity-shiphardship, membership, friendship-thdepth, wealth, truth, length, grow

21、th-tudelatitude, altitude-ureexposure, pressure, failure, procedure-yglory, history, victory, inquiry名词后缀带有场所，地方的含义agevillage, cottage-arylibrary, granary-ery, rylaundry, nursery, surgery-oryfactory, dormitory, laboratory, observatory带有学术，科技含义-grapybiography, calligraphy, geography-ic, icslogic, mec

22、hanics, optics, electronics-ologybiology, zoology, technology-nomyastronomy, economy, bionomy-erychemistry, cookery, machinery-yphotography, philosophy表示人和事物的总和，集合含义-agebaggage, tonnage-domnewspaperdom-hoodneighbourhood, womanhood-erycavalry, ministry-urelegislature, judicature表示物品和物质名称的含义-ant, ents

23、olvent, constant-alsignal, pictorial-arcollar, pillar- erboiler, computer ,washer, cooker-erydrapery-ingclothing, matting-mentinstrument, equipment , attachment表示“细小”的含义-cleparticle-culemolecule-elparcel-enchicken, maiden-etpocket, ticket-etta, -ette, etto,cigarette, essayette-kinnapkin-ybaby, doggy

24、-lingduckling-let booklet2形容词后缀带有“属性，倾向，相关”的含义-able, -iblemovable, comfortable, applicable, visible, responsible-alnatural, additional, educational-anurban, suburban, republican-ant, -entdistant, important, excellent-arsimilar, popular, regular-arymilitary, voluntary-icical, politic, systematic, his

25、toric, physical-inemasculine, feminine, marine-ingmoving, touching, daring-ishfoolish, bookish, selfish-iveactive, impressive, decisive-orysatisfactory, compulsory-il, -ile, -eelfragile, genteel表示“相象，类似”的含义-ishboyish, childish-esquepicturesque-likemanlike, childlike-lymanly, fatherly, scholarly, mot

26、herly-sometroublesome, handsome-ymilky, pasty表示“充分的”含义-fulbeautiful, wonderful, helpful, truthful-ousdangerous, generous, courageous, various-entviolent表示由某种物质形成，制成或生产的含义-enwooden, golden, woolen-ousgaseous-ficscientific表示方向的含义-erneastern, western-warddownward, forward表示“倍数”的含义-bledouble, trebleplet

27、riple-foldtwofold, tenfold表示“数量关系”的含义-teenthirteen-tyfifty-thfourth, fiftieth表示国籍，语种，宗教的含义-anRoman, European-eseChinese-ishEnglish, Spanish表示“比较程度”的含义-ergreater-ishreddish, yellowish-esthighest-mostforemost, topmost表示否定-lesscountless, stainless, wireless3动词后缀表示做成，变成，化-ize, isemodernize, mechanize, d

28、emocratize, organize表示使成为，引起，使有-enquicken, weaken, soften, harden表示使化, 使成-fybeautify, purify, intensify, signify, simplify表示使，令”-ishfinish, abolish, diminish, establish表示“成为，处理，作用”-ateseparate, operate, indicate4副词后缀-lypossibly, swiftly, simply-ward, -wardsdownward, inwards, upward-waysalways, sideways-wiseotherwise, clockwise8