高中英语定语从句精华版教学案.doc

1、定语从句 思维导图易考易错点总结定语从句的用法较为复杂，高考除了单独考查定语从句外，还常常结合句式结构、时态等来综合考查。纵观近年各地高考试题，不难发现其考点主要包括：1考查如何正确选择关系词 解题思路：找出从句，确定被修饰词，即先行词将先行词代入定语从句，判断先行词在定语从句中充当什么成分:若作主语、宾语、表语、定语，则选择关系代词；若作状语则选关系副词。2考查whose的用法whose可以指代人或物，在定语从句中作定语， 后跟名词。指物时，whose名词名词of whichof which名词。如：The classroom whose door/the door of which/of

2、which the door is broken is on the second floor.3 考查as/which引导的非限制性定语从句 尤其要重视which，as引导的非限制性定语从句和that，what引导的主语从句的区别。4 考查定语从句中的主谓一致现象。如：I, who am your close friend, will try my best to help you whenever you are in trouble.5考查“介词关系代词”引导的定语从句“介词关系代词”引导的定语从句，关系代词指人时用whom，指物时用which，不能用that。关系代词作定语时也可用wh

3、ose。如：The teacher in front of whose house stands a tall tree is very patient with his students.同时还要注意包含复杂介词或代词短语的定语从句与并列句的区别。如：(1)He loves his parents deeply, both of whom are very kind to him.(定语从句) (2)He loves his parents deeply and both of them are very kind to him.(并列句)此外，“介词which名词”结构也是一个较为特殊的结

4、构。如：He was very ill, in which case(and in this case) we sent him to hospital first.6 考查一些特殊的先行词 (1)当situation, point, position, case, activity, scene, job, race, stage, degree及period, festival, occasion（场合/时机）等出现时，要注意具体情况具体分析。这类词作主语、宾语或表语时，用关系代词that或which；作状语时，用关系副词where，when或“介词which”。 (2) the way

5、做先行词，当它在从句中作方式状语时，其后的关系词用in which/that/省略；当它作主语/宾语时，其后的关系词用which/that。7 考查定语从句、强调句、时间状语从句等的区别 (1)It was this small village where we got to know each other.(定语从句) (2)It was in this small village that we got to know each other.(强调句) (3)It was 1914 when the war broke out.(时间状语从句) 导入： e.g. She is a beau

6、tiful girl.She is a girl who is beautiful .（一）定语从句定义1.定语从句：在复合句中，修饰某个_或_的句子（做这个名词或代词的定语）叫定语从句，定语从句一般放在被修饰的名词或代词后面，2.先行词：被修饰的名词或代词叫做定语从句的先行词。3.用来引导定语从句的词叫做关系词。关系代词的种类：关系代词_,_,_,_,_,_关系副词： _, where, why 4.定语从句结构：先行词+关系词+定语从句。1. There she saw a wall of water that was quickly advancing towards her.2. In

7、 Japan, someone who sees another person making the gesture will think it means money.3. Oprah Winfrey is a black woman whose rise to fame is an inspiring story.（二）定语从句分类限定性定语从句：从句对先行词进行必要的描述或说明，对先行词起修饰限定作用，从句与先行词紧密相连缺少它，则句义显得不完整，一般不用逗号隔开。非限定性定语从句：对先行词进行补充说明，解释，它与先行词关系松散，用逗号隔开。1.The man who gave me t

8、his book is Tom .(_)2.Tom,who is reading a book ,is my classmate (_)（三）关系代词先找关系词，看先行词指的是什么。 2）看关系词在从句中所充当的成分 。先行词指代关系词定语从句在从句中做的成分人主语(说明是“谁”)人宾语(说明是“谁”)人定语(说明是“谁的”)人 / 物主语 / 宾语物主语 / 宾语时间时间状语原因原因状语地点地点状语人物/事件/句子主语/宾语/表语1. who指人，在定语从句中作_语，口语中可做_语；that 也可指人，但多用who.e.g. The man _ is sitting under the tr

9、ee is a German . The students _ speaks German best comes from China . The man _you want to see is here .2. Whom指_，在句中做_，可省略，但在做介词的宾语是只能用whom,不能用who.关系代词前有介词时不能省略。e.g. The man (_) you look for has left . I know the girl (_) the teacher is speaking to . I know the girl to _ the teacher is speaking .3.

10、 whose, 作定语，可指人或物=the +n +of which=of which the +n e.g. Everyone heplps the child _parents are dead. They are the lazy students _homework wasnt handed in .针对练习1.【2011全国卷I)】The prize will go to the writer _ story shows the most imagination. A. that B. which C. whose D. what2.【2011四川卷）】The school shop

11、, _ customers are mainly students, is closed few the holidays. A. which B. whose C. when D. where3.10山东Thats the new machine _ parts are too small to be seen. A. that B. which C. whose D. What4.100陕西The old temple _ roof was damaged in storm is now under repair. A. where B. which C. its D. whose5.10

12、北京Children who are not active or diet is high in fat will gain weight quickly. A. what B. whose C. which D. that www. ks5u. com/gaokao/beijing6.10重庆In china, the number of cities is increasing _development is recognized across the world. A. whereB. whichC. whoseD. that4.that 指_或_，多指物，作_语（不能省略）或_语（可省

13、略） e.g. He is the finest comrade_ has helped us . This is a plant _ grows in the north .5. which ,指_，在句中做主语（不能省略），或宾语（可省略）。e.g. This is a plant _ grows in the north . 常用that不用which的情况只能that用做关系代词的情况（共9种类型）。 1.当先行词是all, everything, anything, nothing, much, little, none, one等不定代词时，只用that。歌诀助记：不定代词这路货，

14、全用that准没错。 Pay attention to everything _ I do. 2.当先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时，只用that。歌诀助记：先行词前被限定，千万不要用which. This is the best novel (_) have read.3.如果出现两个或两个以上的先行词，并同时兼指人和物时，关系代词用that。歌诀助记：两项并列人与物，引导定从用that.They were talking about the person and things _they remembered in school.4.当先行词被the only, the last, th

15、e very, the same等等修饰时。 This is the last time _I shall give you a lesson.5.在疑问词which开头的特殊疑问句中,为了避免重复只用that。 Which of the students _ knows something about history.6. 当先行词被All, every, no, some, any, little, much等修饰时，只用that。 He has little time _ he can spare.7.当被修饰的成分是数词时，（被修饰成分是代名词one，指人时除外）只用that. Ive

16、 got one_ you might be interested in.（3）用which，不用that的情况引导非限制性定语从句。e.g. Football, _is an interesting game, is played all over the world.全世界都踢足球，它是一项有趣的运动。Carol said the work would be done by October, _ personally I doubt very much. 卡罗尔说这项工作将在十月前做，对此我个人表示怀疑。直接放在介词后作宾语时。Language is the most important

17、tool without _ people cant communicate with each other.语言是最重要的工具，没有它，人们便无法交流。针对练习1.【2011上海卷) 】Youll find taxis waiting at the bus station _ you can hire to reach your host family.A. whichB. whereC. whenD. as2.【2011山东卷）】The old town has narrow streets and small houses _are built close to each other.A

18、. they B. where C. what D. that3.【2011福建卷）】She has a gift for creating an atmosphere for her students _ allows them to communicate freely with each other.A. which B. where C. what D. who4.10湖南Ive become good friends with several of the students in my school I met in the English speech contest last y

19、ear. A. who B. where C. when D. which5.10全国I refuse to accept the blame for something _was someone elses fault. A. who B. that C. as D. what（四）关系副词1.when 指时间 = in / at / on / during + which；（1）在定语从句中作状语，先行词主要为一些时间名词（year ,day ,time,week等）,但时间名词在从句中作主语，宾语时，应用that，which，不能用when e.g. He still remember

20、the day _ he joined the army .做主语 Ill never forget the time _/_ we worked on the farm.作状语 I still remember the day _/_ is his birthay.做主语 He regretted the days _/_ he spent on play . 做宾语He rememberes the days_ he spent much money on stories . (2) It is the first time that 句型中，that是习惯用法，不用when。 e.g.

21、It is the first time that I have been to the Great Wall .2.where指地点 = in / at / from + which； （1）指前面的地点，在从句中作状语。e.g. I know the factory_/_ I worked twenty years ago . (2) 指地点，在句中作主语，宾语时不能用where，须用that/which .e.g. This is the house _/_ he has lived for 20 years .This is the house _ he has lived in fo

22、r 20 years .e.g. This is the shool _/_ we study every year. This is the shool _/_ we visited yesterday. 注：有时when ,where 相当于“介词 +which ”.e.g. He left the room _/_ he lived last year. (3) 当先行词为某个方面、情况、阶段、位置等的词时使用关系副词注意；抽象地点名词 Stage, occasion, point, case, activity这类词做先行词如果缺状语 wheree.g. I can think of

23、many cases_ drivers know traffic rules but dont follow them. We have reached a point _a change is needed.They have reached the point _they have to separate with each other.Life is like a long race _ we compete with others to go beyond ourselves.A which B that C / D where3.why指原因 = for which“the reas

24、on why .that. ”中，不能用because 代替that .e.g. Thats the reason_/_ he didnt come to school .The reason why he didnt attend the meeting is that he was ill .但reason 在从句中做宾语时，关系代词用that/which ,课省略e.g. I dont believe the reason _/_ he gave me .关系副词针对性练习1.【2011江苏卷）】Between the two parts of the concert is an int

25、erval（间隔; 幕间, 休息时间; 距离）, _ the audience can buy ice-cream.A. when B. where C. that D. which2.【2011安徽卷）】Whatever is left over may be put into the refrigerator, _ it will keep for two or three weeks.A. when B. which C. where D. while3.【2011浙江卷）】A bank is the place _ they lend you an umbrella in fair w

26、eather and ask for it back when it begins to rain. A. when B. that C. where D. there4.【2011福建卷）】It was April 29,2001 Prince William and Kate Middleton walked into the palace hall of the wedding ceremony.Athat Bwhen CsinceDberore5【2011陕西卷）】I walked up to the top of the hill with my friend, _ we enjoy

27、ed a splendid view of the lake.A. which B. where C. who D. that6.10福建Stephen Hawking believes that earth is unlikely to be the only planet life has developed gradually. A. thatB. whereC. whichD. whose 7.10江西The girl arranged to have piano lessons at the training center with her sister _ she would st

28、ay for an hour. A where B who C which D what8.10天津-Can you believe I had to pay 30 dollars for a haircut?-You should try the barbers I go. Its only 15. A. as B. which C. where D. that9.09上海Mozarts birthplace and the house _ he composed The Magic Flute are both museums now。A. where B. when C. there D. which 10.09四川Shell never forget her stay there _ _ she found her son who had gone missing two years before. A. that B. which C. where D.