语言学词汇分类汇总.docx

1、语言学词汇分类汇总语言学词汇分类汇总按字母顺序排列abbreviation缩写法acculturation语言文化移入acoustic phonetics声学语言学acronym词首字母缩略词address term称谓语addresser发话人addressee受话人adjacency毗邻Adjacency Condition毗邻条件Adjacency Parameter毗邻参数Affix词缀Affixation加词缀法Affricate塞擦音Afro-asiatic非亚语系agreement rule一致关系规那么allophone音位变体alveolar齿龈音alveolus齿龈angu

2、lar gyrus角形脑回antonymy反义现象antonym反以词apocope词尾音脱落aphasia失语症aphasic失语症患者applied linguistics应用语言学arbitrariness任意性argument论元articulatory phonetics发音语音学articulatory variable发音变项aspiration送气assimilation同化approximation近似化auditory phonetics听觉语音学Austronesian语系Babbling咿呀学语back-formation逆向构词法back vowel后元音Behavi

3、orism行为主义Behaviorist learning theory行为主义学习理论Behaviorist Psychology行为主义心理学Bilabial双唇音Bilingualism双语现象Black English黑人英语Blending混合法Borrowing借用bound morpheme黏着语素brain lateralization大脑左右半球侧化branching node分叉点broad transcription宽式音标Brocas area布罗卡区caretaker speech保姆语case格Case Condition格条件case marking格标志caus

4、ative verb使役动词central vowel中元音cerebral cortex大脑皮层cerebral plasticity大脑弹性channel渠道classical language古典语言clipping略写法closed class word封闭类词code代码code-switching代码切换cognate同源词co-hyponyms并列下义词coinage创新词color word色彩词combinational rule组合规那么commissives承诺类communicative competence交际才能comparative reconstruction比

5、拟重建法competence语言才能complement补语complement construction补足语complementarity互补性反义现象complementary distribution互补分布complex sentence复合句componential analysis成分分析法components of meaning意义成分compound word复合词compounding复合法computational linguistics计算语言学concept概念conceptualist view意念观consonant辅音constituent成分constitu

6、ent structure成分构造constraint制约construction构造content word实词context语境;上下文contextualism语境论Contrastive Analysis比照分析法conversational implicature会话含义co-operative principle合作原那么coordinate sentence并列句creativity创造性critical period关键期;临界期cultural transmission文化传播declaration宣告类deep structure深层构造dental齿音derivation

7、派生法derivational morpheme派生语素derivative派生词descriptive linguistics描写语言学design feature识别特征determiner限定词diachronic linguistics历时语言学diacritics变音符号dialect方言dialectal synonym方言同义词dichotic listening test两耳分听测试diglossia双言现象diphthong复合元音Directionalilty Parameter方位参数Directives指令类Displacement不受时空限制的特性distinctiv

8、e feature区别性特征D-structure深层构造duality of structur构造二重性edouble articulation构造二重性embedded clause子句emotive meaning表情意义entailment含义entity实体epenthesis插入音Error Analysis错误分析法euphemism委婉语evaluative meaning评价意义expressives表达类factive predicate表达性谓词family tree谱系树feature symbol特征标记features of meaning意义特征finite cl

9、ause定式字句finite verb定式动词formalize形式化fossilization语言僵化framework框架free morpheme自由语素fricative擦音front vowel前元音function word虚词functional shift功能性转换functor element起功能作用成分gender性Generative Grammar生成语法Generative Semantics生成语义学genetic predispotion基因先天条件genetic relationship亲缘关系glide滑音glottal喉音glottis声门graddabl

10、 opposites可分等级的反义词grammaticality语法性grammatical meaning语法意义Great Vowel Shift元音大变位hard palate硬腭head核心词hemispheric dominance for language大脑半球的语言优势hierarchical structure层次构造high variety高层次变体historical comparative linguistics历史比拟语言学historical linguistics历史语言学holophrastic sentence独词句homography同形homonymy同音

11、异义；同形异义homophony同音异义hyponymy下义关系hyponym下义词idiolect个人语言特点illocutionary act言外形为inconsistency自相矛盾Indo-European印欧语系infinitive marker不定式标记inflection曲折变化inflectional morpheme曲折语素input输入instrumental motivation工具性学习动机intake承受integrativ emotivation介入性学习动机interference干扰interlanguage语际语internalize内在化Internatio

12、nal Phonetic Alphabet国际音标interpersonmal communication人际交际intuition语调labeled (unlabeled) tree diagram加标记树形图labial唇音LAD语言习得机制language acquisition语言习得language behavior语言行为language center语言中枢language faculty语言机制language family语系language perception语言感知language planning语言规划language variation语言变异larynx喉lax

13、 vowel松元音level层；平面level of language语言层次lexical category词类lexical structure词汇构造lexicology词汇学lexicon词汇linear structure线性构造linguistic competence语言才能linguistic determinism语言决定论linguistic lateralization语言侧化linguistic performance语言运用linguistic relativism语言相对论linguistic repertoire全部语言变体linguistic taboo禁忌语l

14、inguistics语言学liquid流音loan word外来词localization定位locutionary act言内行为low variety低层次变体manner of articulation发音方法matrix clause主句maxim of manner方式准那么maxim of quality质量准那么maxim of quantity数量准那么maxim of relation关联准那么meaning意义meaningfulness有意义meaning relation意义关系mentalism心理主义mentalistic theory精神论message信息met

15、athesis语音变位Middle English中世纪英语minimal pair最小对立对Modern English现代英语Monophthong单元音Morpheme词素morphlogical rule形态学规那么morphology形态学mother tongue母语Move 挪动规那么movement rule移位规那么naming theory命名论narrow transcription严式音标narrowing of meaning词义缩小nasal cavity鼻腔nasality鼻音化nasalize鼻音化natural route of development自然开展

16、轨道negator否认词neurolinguist神经语言学家neuron神经元no-place predication空位述谓构造object宾语Old English古英语one-place predication一位述谓构造optimum age最正确学习年龄oral cavity口腔overextension扩展过度overgeneralization概括过度overt thought有声思维palatal腭音paralinguistic副语言学的parameter参数performance语言运用performance error语言运用错误perlocutionary act言后行

17、为pharyngeal cavity咽腔phone音素phoneme音位phonemic contrast音位对立phonetic feature语音特征phonetics语音学phonological rule音位规那么phonology音位学phrasal category词组类phrase structure rule短语构造规那么pidgin洋泾浜语place of articulation发音部位plosive爆破音polysemy多义性postpone后移prepose前移postvocalic元音后的pragmatics语用学predicate谓语predication述谓构造p

18、redication analysis述谓构造分析prefix前缀presprictive (grammar)规定语法presupposition前提proposition命题prepositional content命题内容protolanguage原始语psycholinguistics心理语言学puberty青春期qualifying predication修饰性述谓构造Received Pronunciation标准发音Recursiveness循环性Reference所指语义referring expression所指名词register语域relational opposites关

19、系反义词representation表达；呈现representatives阐述类response反响retroflex卷舌音rewrite rule重写规那么rounded vowel圆唇元音SAE标准美国英语sapir-Whorf hypothesis假设second language acquisition第二语言习得segment切分成分semantic anomaly语义异体semantic deviation语义变异semantic broadening语义广义化semantic narrowing语义狭义化semantic shift语义演变semantics语义学semanti

20、c structure语义构造semantic triangle语义三角sense意义sequential rule序列规那么setting背景；环境sexist language性别歧视语sibilant咝音simple sentence简单句Sino-Tibetan汉藏语系situational dialect语域方言sociolect社会方言sociolinguistics社会语言学soft palate软腭species-specific capacity物种特有才能specifier指示语spectrograph频谱仪speech act言语行为speech community言语社

21、区speech variety言语变体S-structure表层构造standard language标准语stem词干stimulus刺激stop爆破音stress重音structural constituency构造成分性structural linguistics构造主义语言学subject主语subordinate predication主从述谓性构造subscript下标subvocal predication无声言语suffix后缀superordinate上坐标词suprasegmental feature超切分特征surface structure表层构造synchronic

22、linguistics共时语言synonymy同义词syntactic ambiguity句法歧义syntactic category句法类型syntactic rule句法规那么syntax句法taboo word禁忌词target language目的语tautology同义反复teeth ridge齿龈隆骨telegraphic speech电报式言语tense and aspect时和体tense vowel紧元音tone音调；腔调tone language腔调语言topic话题；主题transfer转移Transformational-Generative Grammar转换生成语法

23、transformational rule转换规那么tree diagram树形图two-place predication双位述谓构造unaspirated不送气underextension扩展缺乏Universal Grammar普遍语法Utterance话语utterance meaning话语意义uvula小舌validity有效性variable变项velar软腭音velum软腭vernacular本地话；本国语vocal cord声带voiced浊音化的voiceless不带音的，清音的voicing带音化，浊音化vowel元音Wernickes area韦尼克区widening of meaning词义扩大X-bar theory X标杆理论