英语单元教案 61.docx

1、英语单元教案 61Unit 10 By the time I got outside, the bus had already left一、学习目标（Language Goal）1Learn to narrate past events学会描述过去所发生的事情。2Learn to express something with Past Perfect Tense. 学习使用过去完成时态。3Strengthen the consciousness of doing things regularly做事加强连续性，有条不紊。二、重点词组（Key phrases）1by the time 到时候为止

2、2get outside 到外边3get to school 到学校4get up 起床5get into the shower 去洗澡6get home 到家7start doing / to do sth. 开始做某事8be late for 迟到9go off （闹钟）闹响10wake up 醒来11come out 出来，出现12run off 迅速离开，跑掉13on time 准时14in time 及时15come by （走）过来16give sb. a ride 让某人搭车17break down 损坏，坏掉18show up 出席，露面19stay up 熬夜20a cost

3、ume party 一个化装舞会21sth. happen to sb. 某事发生在某人身上22so that 如此以至于23set off 出发，开始24April Fools Day 愚人节25get married 结婚26marry sb. 与某人结婚27both and 二者都28get dressed 穿好衣服29on the first day 在第一天三、交际用语1By the time she got up, her brother had already gone into the bathroom2By the time she went outside, the bus

4、 had already gone3By the time she got to class, the teacher had already started teaching4When she got to school, she realized she had left her backpack at home5Have you ever overslept? 6Have you ever been late for school? 四、重点难点释义(Language Points)1get to 意为“到达”。例如：When did you get there last night?

5、你昨晚什么时候到那儿的？I get home at 7:00 every day我每天7:00到家。When I got to the cinema, the film had already begun我到电影院时，电影已经开始了。辨析：get, arrive与reach这三个词都可以用来表示“到达”，但是用法不同。（1）get和arrive都是不及物动词，其后只能跟表示地点的副词，若是跟名词则须再加介词，即get to 地点名词，arrive in / at 地点名词（in 之后跟表示大地方的词，at之后跟表示小地方的词）。若是只说“到达”，而不指出到达哪里，则只能用arrive。例如：H

6、ow did you get / arrive there? 你怎么到那儿的？I got to / arrived in Beijing the day before yesterday我前天到的北京。When do you often get to / arrive at school? 你经常什么时候到校？When will you arrive? 你什么时候到？（2）reach为及物动词，其后既可跟名词也可跟副词。例如：I reached Beijing the day before yesterday我前天到的北京。We reached here on foot我们步行到这儿的。2关于

7、get的词组小结在本单元出现大量关于get的词组，要注意背诵：get to school 到学校get into the shower 去洗澡get outside 到外边get home 到家get up 起床get married 结婚get dressed 穿好衣服get to class 到班级get bored 变得无聊get tired 变得疲劳3Ive never been late for school, but yesterday I came very close.我上学从未迟到过，但是昨天差一点儿就迟到了。（1）Ive 是I have的缩写，have been late是

8、现在完成时态，现在完成时是指一个动作或状态开始于过去，持续到现在，并可能继续下去，而且对现在产生了一定的影响，其构成是have / has动词过去分词。例如：I have been here since 1999自1999年以来我就在这儿。We have lived in Jinan for 20 years我们已经在济南住了20年了。She hasnt worked for 2 years她已2年不工作了。（2）be late for 意为“迟到”，for为介词，所以其后须跟名词。例如：Dont be late for the meeting开会别迟到了。Jim was late for s

9、chool again吉姆上学又迟到了。Tom has been late for classes twice. 汤姆上课已经迟到两次了。（3）close在此为副词“接近地，靠近地”。此外came very close意为“到时与迟到很接近”。4My alarm clock didnt go off, 闹钟没有大响go off 意为“爆发，大响”。例如：Although the alarm clock went off, he didnt wake up虽然闹钟大响，但是他还是没有醒来。与go有关的词组还有：（1）go in for“参加”（竞赛、考试）；（作为嗜好、工作）“爱好”。例如：Sh

10、e goes in for birdwatching她爱好赏鸟。（2）go on“进行，继续”。例如：Please go on请继续。（3）go on doing sth. 或go on with sth. “继续做”。例如：He went on working without having a rest他一直工作，没停下来休息过。（4）go over“调查，视察；越过”。例如：You must go over your lessons before the exam考试前你必须复习。5and I had to wait for him to come out我不得不等他出来。（1）have

11、to 意为“必须，不得不”。例如：Do you have to take the test? 你必须考试吗？Tom has to practice speaking Chinese every day汤姆每天必须练习讲汉语。辨析：have to 与must这两个词都可以表示“必须”。have to 更加强调客观原因，而must则强调主观原因；含有have to 的句子在作句型转换时须借助于助动词do，does或did，而must本身是情态动词，进行句型转换时可以直接通过must改变。例如：It is raining, we have to stay at home. 天在下雨，我们不得不待在家

12、里。We must work hard我们必须努力工作。Lucy doesnt have to stand露茜不必站着。You mustnt play in the street你不能在街道上玩。（2）wait 是不及物动词“等待，等候”的意思。可以用于词组wait for sb“等某人”，wait to do sth“等着做某事”，wait for sb. to do sth“等某人做某事”。例如：Who are you waiting for? 你在等谁？They cant wait to open the presents他们迫不及待地打开礼物。You can wait for him

13、to help you你可以等着他帮你。6Unfortunately, by the time I got there, the bus had already left不幸的是，我到那儿的时候，公交车已经走了。unfortunately 是副词“不幸地”，是由fortunately加否定前缀“un”构成的。英语中有一部分词在词首或词尾加上前缀或后缀就可以变成另外一个词。如：lucky（幸运的）unlucky（不幸的），use（用）useful（有用的），forget（忘记）forgetful（健忘的），un作前缀表示“not”的含义，即“un”是一个否定前缀。例如：fit（合适的）unfit

14、（不合适的），fair （公平的）unfair（不公平的），known（闻名的）unknown（不闻名的）等。 7Luckily, my friend Tony and his Dad came by in his Dads car and they gave me a ride.幸运的是，我的朋友托尼和他爸爸坐着他爸爸的车经过，他们让我搭了个便车。（1）come by 意为“经过，走过；获得，获有”。例如：Please let the car come by请让车过去。Good jobs are not easy to come by好工作不容易找到。与come有关的其他词组：come ou

15、t 出来；开花；出版 例如：The moon has come out月亮出来了。Its too cold for the flowers to come out天太冷了，花不开了。come about 发生，产生 例如：Tell me how the accident came about告诉我事情是怎么发生的。come across“（偶然）发现，遇见”。例如：I came across his name on the list我无意中在名单上发现他的名字。come after 继之后，接而来 例如：Sunday comes after Saturday星期天在星期六之后。come bac

16、k 回来 例如：When did he come back? 他什么时候回来的？come to oneself 苏醒，醒过来 例如：At last, he came to himself最后他醒了。come from 来自 例如：Julia comes from Australia朱莉娅来自澳大利亚。（2）give sb. a ride 意为“让某人搭便车”。ride在此为名词“搭车，乘车”的意思。get a ride 意为“搭便车”。例如：Can you give me a ride, Jack? 杰克，能让我搭个便车吗？I want to get a ride. 我想搭个便车。8I onl

17、y just made it to my class我恰好到教室。make it 意为“成功了，做成了”。这里指的是没有迟到，准时到达。例如：Have you got the job? 你得到那份工作了吗？Yes, I made it是的，我成功了。9Have you ever forgotten to bring your homework to school? 你曾忘了把作业带到学校吗？（1）辨析：forget to do 与forget doing forget to do 指的是“忘了去做”，即该事还未做；而forget doing 则指“忘了做了”，即该事已经做完。例如：Dont f

18、orget to turn off lights when you go out出去时别忘了关灯。Sorry, I forgot to bring the books again对不起，我又忘了带书来了。Lucy forgot locking the door露茜忘了已锁了门了。Tom forgot turning off TV汤姆忘了关了电视了。（2）辨析：bring, takebring 意为“把拿来，取来”。即把某物从别处拿到说话者所在地；take 意为“把拿走，取走”，即把某物从说话者所在地拿到别处。例如：Please bring my English book here. 请把我的英

19、语书拿到这儿来。You cant take these magazines home. 你不能把这些杂志拿回家。10What happened to David on April Fools Day? 愚人节那天，大卫出什么事了吗？（1）happen to sb. 意为“某人怎么了，发生在某人身上”。例如：What happened to you? 你怎么了？What happened to Jim? 吉姆出什么事了？（2）英语中表示节日时须注意以下几点：表示“在节”用介词on；表示节日的每个词的首字母大写；用day来表示“节”，且无冠词；一般用复数名词的所有格，如：Teachers Day

20、教师节，Childrens Day 儿童节，Womens Day 妇女节等；但也有用单数名词所有格的，如：Mothers Day 母亲节，Fathers Day 父亲节等。例如：Do you often go to parks on Childrens Day? 你们儿童节经常去公园吗？What do you usually do on New Years Day? 新年你们通常干什么？Do your friends play jokes on you on April Fools Day? 你的朋友愚人节跟你开玩笑吗？11Welles was so convincing that hundr

21、eds of people believed the story, and panic set off across the whole countryWelles 是如此地让人信任，以致于成百上千的人都相信了这个故事，进而激起了全国性的恐慌。（1）So that句型中，so后面应加一个形容词或副词，意为“如此以至于” e.g. This book is so interesting that everyone in our class wants to read it这本书是如此的有趣以至于全班同学都想看看。（so形容词）He ran so fast that I couldnt catch

22、 up with him他跑得那么快，以致于我跟不上他。（so副词）Sothat引导的是表示结果的状语从句，但不“一定要死套”“如此以至于”的模式来译成汉语。e.g. It was so dark that he couldnt see the faces of his companions天太黑了，他不能看见同伴的脸。（2）so that 主要用来引导目的状语从句。其从句中的谓语动词通常和can，may，should等情态动词连用，而且主句和从句之间不使用逗号，意为“以便，使能够”。e.g. They set out early so that they might arrive in ti

23、me他们早早地出发以便按时到达。Lets take the front seats so that we may see more clearly我们坐在前排吧，以便可以看得更清楚。（3）set off 意为“出发，开始；引爆；衬托”。例如：Theyll set off on a journey around the world他们将要出发环球旅行。Use blue eyeshadow to set off your green eyes用蓝色眼影衬托你的绿眼睛。与set有关的其他词组：set about sth“开始，着手”。例如：I must set about my packing我必须

24、开始收拾行装了。set sbagainst sb“使某人和某人竞争、对抗”。例如：Set yourself against her跟她竞争。set in 开始 例如：The rainy season has set in雨季已开始了。“set out” 出发，启程 “set sth. out” 展示，陈列 例如：They set out at dawn他们在拂晓出发。He sets out his ideas clearly in his essay他在这篇文章中明确地列出了他的观点。set up“建立，设立”。例如：The memorial will be set up纪念碑要建成了。12b

25、ecause the spaghetti farmers in Italy had stopped growing spaghetti因为生产意大利面条的农民停止了生产。辨析：stop doing 与stop to do stop doing 指的是“停止做”，即不做了；而stop to do 则是指“停下来去做”，即停下来的目的是去做，也就是开始做。例如：Stop talking, lets begin our class不要讲话了，我们开始上课。You are too fat and you must stop eating too much你太胖了，你不能吃那么多了。Please sto

26、p to listen to me请停下来听我说。The mother stopped to look after her baby那位母亲停下来去照顾她的小宝宝。13She was thrilled, because she really wanted to get married她震惊了，因为她的确想结婚。（1）thrill为动词“震颤，使激动”，多用于被动语态be thrilled，表示“很感动，受到震颤的”。例如：We were thrilled with joy我们高兴极了。She was thrilled at the good news她听到那个好消息很兴奋。（2）want在此为

27、动词“想，想要”，其后可跟名词、代词或动词不定式to do。例如：Do you want an icecream? 你想要个冰激凌吗？I want some bread and milk我想要些面包和牛奶。Tom wants to learn to play Chinese chess汤姆想学下中国象棋。Does Lucy wants to learn to dance? 露茜想学跳舞吗？（3）marry为动词“嫁，娶，结婚”。表示“嫁给某人”或“娶了某人”都可以用marry sb.。另外，词组get married 意为“结婚”，但这是一个非延续性动词，即它不能跟表示一段时间的词连用。be

28、married 也可以用来表示“结婚”，它是一个延续性词组，可以与表示一段时间的词连用。例如：John is going to marry Jane约翰要和简结婚了。Henry didnt marry until he was over fifty亨利直到过了50岁才结婚。When are you going to get married? 你准备什么时候结婚？We have been married for ten years我们已经结婚十年了。His uncle will get married next month他叔叔下个月结婚。五、语法知识1Past perfect Tense 过去

29、完成时构成：had过去分词（had没有人称和数的变化）过去完成时可以表示过去某一时刻或某一动作之前完成的动作或呈现的状态。也就是说发生在“过去的过去”。既然过去完成时的动作发生在过去某一时间之前，那么，使用过去完成时就必须先有这样一个过去的时间。e.g. I had finished my homework before supper 我在晚饭前把作业做完了。句中的supper既是过去某一时间，而had finished 这一动作就是在supper 之前完成的。如果只说I had finished my homework听者会觉得难以理解。由此可见，过去完成时是个相对的时态，它不能离开过去的时

30、间而独立存在。e.g. By the end of that year Henry had collected more than one thousand foreign stamps 到那年年底，亨利已经收集了一千多张外国邮票。（过去时间是the end of that year）e.g. When we got there, the football match had already started 当我们到那里时，足球比赛已经开始了。（过去时间是when从句）动词过去分词的构成与一般过去式的构成相似，一般情况下在动词词尾加ed,特殊动词须特殊记忆,如：havehadhad，getgotgotten，beginbeganbegun，leaveleftleft，gowentgone等。例如：She had learnt 2000 English words by