译林牛津版高中英语专题01知识讲解总复习高一重点词汇四.docx

1、译林牛津版高中英语专题01知识讲解总复习高一重点词汇四Units 4-5 ： ： 知识讲解重点单词： respond【点拨】respond vi. 回答，答复；响应，做出反应 respond to sb./ sth. 回答(比 answer, reply to正式) respond to sb./ sth. (with/ by sth.) 用回应某人(事) respond to (疾病、身体的受伤部分)对医药有良好反应 response to sb./ sth. (对人/物)的回答/回复/反应 in response to 作为对的反应 They still havent responded

2、to my letter. 他们至今仍没有回我的信。 He responded to my suggestion with a laugh. 他对我的建议报以一笑。 His illness didnt respond to treatment by drugs. 他的疾病对药物治疗没有反应。 My mother opened the door in response to the knock, but there was no one outside. 听到敲门声后，我妈妈打开了门，但外面一个人都没有。【拓展】response n. 回答，回复；反应2certain 【点拨】certain a

3、dj. 确定的；无疑的；某(种) 作“某(种)”讲时，和some同义，但some前不加冠词。 for a certain reasonfor some reason 由于某种原因 certain professorssome professors 某些教授 a certain amount of time 相当一段时间 作“确信的，有把握的”讲时，和sure同义，但是 certain 的主语既可以是人，也可用于“It is certain that.”句型，而sure主语只能是人。 “be certain/sure从句” (人)有把握/确信(表示主语的信念) be certain/sure o

4、f/about sth. (人)确信(表示主语的信念) be certain/sure to do sth. 必定/肯定会做某事(主语常为二、三人称，表示说话人的信念) make certain/sure从句 弄清楚/确保 make certain/sure of/about sth. 把某件事情弄清楚 for certain/sure 确定地，确切地(做状语) It is certain that. 一定会 (不能用 sure) There was a certain coldness in his manner. 他的态度有点冷淡。 Are you certain about it？你对此

5、有把握吗？ He is certain to do his duty. 他肯定会尽职。 Im certain that he has wronged me. 我确信他冤枉了我。 Its certain that their team will win the match. 他们队肯定会赢得比赛。affect 【点拨】affect vt. 影响；感动；(疾病)侵袭 be greatly/deeply affected很/深受感动 be affected by heat/cold中暑/着凉 be affected with high fever发高烧 The amount of rain affe

6、cts the growth of crops. 降雨量直接影响庄稼生长。 One of her lungs is affected a little so that she has to rest. 她的一叶肺有些感染，所以她不得不休息。 The audience were deeply affected by his speech. 听众被他的演讲深深打动了。appreciate 【点拨】appreciate vt. 欣赏；感激；喜欢 appreciation n. 欣赏；感激 appreciate sth. (thank sb.) 感激某事或某人 He highly appreciate

7、d his help. 他非常感谢他的帮助。 appreciate (one/ones) doing sth.感激（某人）做某事 We shall appreciate hearing from you again. 我们将很高兴再次收到您的来信。 I really appreciate your coming to the party. 你能来参加这次聚会我太高兴了。 I would appreciate it if. 如果，我将不胜感激。 I would appreciate it if you could help me. 如果你能帮助我，我将不胜感激。succeed 【点拨】succe

8、ed vi成功 The experiment has succeeded. 试验已成功。 succeed in doing sth. We all succeeded in passing the mid-term examination.我们都成功地通过了期中考试。 have success in doing sth. be successful in doing sth.成功做某事 achieve great success 取得巨大的成功【拓展】success n. 成功；成就 ；成功的人或事 He was a success as a novelist. 他是非常成功的小说家。 suc

9、cessful adj. 成功的 successfully adv. 成功地harm 【点拨】harm vt. & n损害；危害 The dog seems fierce, but it wont harm anyone.这条狗看上去很凶，但它不会伤害任何人。 do sb. harmdo harm to sb.对有害 There is no harm in doing sth. It does no harm (for sb.) to do sth. 做某事无妨(或没有坏处)。 He may say no, but there is no harm in asking.他可能拒绝，但问一问也无

10、妨。【拓展】harmful adj.有害的 be harmful todo harm to Fruit juice can be harmful to childrens teeth. 果汁可能损坏儿童的牙齿。pretend 【点拨】pretend vt. 假装；假扮 pretend sth. 伪称某事物(尤用做借口) He pretended a headache yesterday. 昨天他假装头疼。 pretend to do. 假装做 We mustnt pretend to know what we dont know. 我们不应不懂装懂。 pretend to ben. (adj.

11、) 假装是 He pretended to be dead when he met a bear. 当他遇到熊时就装死 pretend to be doing. 假装正在做 pretend to have done. 假装已做 pretend thatclause 假装 Jack pretended to be reading/ to have finished homework/ that he didnt know the truth. 杰克假装正在读书/假装已经写完了作业/假装不知道事情的真相。attach 【点拨】attach vt. 系；贴；附加；认为有(重要性等) attach s

12、th. to sth. 把某物系到某物上attach yourself to sb./sth. 参加，和在一起attach to sb./ sth.与有联系，与有关联be attached to sb./sth. 依恋，留恋She attached a chequeto the order form. 她在订货单上附了一张支票。Dont worrythere are no strings attached. 不用担心没有附加的条件。She attaches great importance to the regular exercise. 她对常规训练极为重视。No blame attache

13、s to him for the accident. 这次事故的责任与他无关。I am deeply attached to this novel. 我非常喜欢这部小说。【拓展】attached adj. 依恋的，留恋的attachment n. 附件；依恋；眷恋；深爱form 【点拨】form vt. & vi. 形成；组织；养成；培养 form(set up) a club 成立俱乐部 form a good habit 养成好习惯 form the habit offall/get into the habit of 养成的习惯 form an organization 成立一个组织 H

14、is research formed the basis of the new book. 他的研究成果是这本新书的基础。 n. 形式；表格；形状，外形；状况；精神 fill in the form 填表格 in the form of 以的形式 in/out of form 状况良好/不佳 The footballers been out of form. 这个足球运动员的状态不好。 He is filling in the application form. 他正在填申请表。 perform 【点拨】vt. & vi 表演；履行；执行 Our team performed well in

15、the match. 我们队在比赛中表现很出色。 perform an experiment 做实验 You shall perform the experiment the way they do. 你们要按照他们的方法去做实验。 give/put on a performance 演出 The students will perform an opera next Friday. 这些学生下星期五将演出一场歌剧。 perform a part/ role in. 在中扮演角色 The police perform a vital role in our society. 警察在我们的社会中

16、起着极其重要的作用。 perform ones promise 守信；履行诺言 perform duty 尽职【拓展】performance n. 履行，执行；表演 performer n. 执行者；表演者familiar 【点拨】familiar adj. 熟悉的；常见的；通晓的；亲密的 Yao Ming is a familiar star to us. 姚明是我们大家所熟悉的明星。 be familiar with 对熟悉。其主语通常是指“人”的名词；with后的宾语是主语所通晓的事物。 Are you familiar with the computer software they u

17、se? 你熟悉他们使用的计算机软件吗？ be familiar to 为所熟悉。其主语通常是人们所通晓的人或事物，to后的宾语常是指“人”的名词。 This nursery rhyme is veryfamiliar to me. 我对这首童谣很熟悉。 sb. be familiar with sb. 某人与某人亲密无间personal【点拨】A personal opinion, quality, or thing belongs or relates to one particular person rather than to other people. 如果说“personal opi

18、nion, quality, or thing”，说明该方面只属于某个特定的个人而不属于其他人。 You dont need to agree with me. Thats my personal opinion. 你没有必要同意我，这只是个人的观点。 He has given books, furniture, and other personal belongings to the charity. 他把书、家具和其他个人物品捐给了慈善机构。 The President arrived, followed by his personal bodyguard. 总统到了，跟着他的私人保镖。

19、Personal matters relate to your feelings, relationships, and health. 私密的事情与感情、个人关系、健康有关。 He is teaching young people about marriage and personal relationships at a community college. 他在一所社区大学中教给学生关于婚姻和私人关系的课程。 Try not to allow personal problems to affect your performance. 尽量不要让私人问题影响你的表演。 It is not

20、right to ask us to sacrifice our personal lives to our work. 要求我们为了工作而牺牲个人生命是不对的。 Mr. Knight said that he had resigned for personal reasons. 耐特先生由于个人原因辞职了。total【点拨】A total is the number that you get when you add several numbers together or when you count how many things there are in a group. total是一

21、个名词，“A total”是一个总数，指你把几个数加在一起，或者数出来的数。 The companies have a total of 1,776 employees. 这家公司的雇员总数为1,776. The total number or cost of something is the number or cost that you get when you add together or count all the parts in it. total还可作为形容词，“total number/ cost”指把各部分加起来的总数或者总的价格。 The total cost of th

22、e project would be more than $240 million. 这个工厂的总费用将超过2.4亿美元。 If there are a number of things in total, there are that number when you count or add them together. 如果很多事物“in total”，总数加起来总共是那个数字。 I was with my wife for eight years in total. 我跟我太太在一起加起来有八年了。 In total, 45 per cent of adults in Britain a

23、re exposed to tobacco smoke at home. 在英国，总共有45%的成年人在家里被动吸烟。 totally也可以替换in total，但totally还可以相当于completely。 Young people want something totally different from the old ways. 年轻人想要和原来的的方式完全不同的东西 The fire totally (= completely) destroyed the top floor. 大火彻底毁掉了顶层。 重点短语 come into being 【点拨】come in to bein

24、g出现；形成；产生 We dont know when the universe came into being. 我们不知道宇宙是何时形成的。 Such a custom came into being long ago. 这种风俗很久以前就有了。 come into being是不及物动词短语，无被动形式，无进行时。 【拓展】相关短语有： come into power 当权 come into effect 生效 come into action 开始行动 come into office 就职 come into sight 看得见 come into use 开始使用 bring.i

25、nto being 使形成；使产生 for the time being 暂时；眼下 die out 【点拨】die out绝种，灭绝；熄灭；(风俗、习惯等)逐渐消失 Scientists said that those plants died out a century ago. 科学家们说那些植物一个世纪前就绝种了。 Many old customs are dying out. 许多古老的风俗正逐渐消失。【拓展】相关短语有： die off (家族、种族等)相继死亡；(草木) 先后枯死 If the snowstorm does not blow over, the cattle wil

26、l die off. 如果暴风雪不停息，牲畜就要死掉了。 die away (声音、光线、风等) 渐弱，渐息，平息 The sound of the music died away. 音乐声渐渐消失了。 die down (火、光线、兴奋、暴风雨等)渐弱，渐息；(声音)静下来 Open the air hole; the fire is dying down. 把气孔打开，火要熄了。 die of指死于疾病、衰老、饥饿、悲伤等。 Nowadays many people die of cancer. 现在有很多人死于癌症。 die from指由于外伤、外界原因、粗心、不注意、劳累过度等而死 E

27、very winter some old people die from hypothermia. 每年冬天都有一些老人死于体温过低。 in danger (of.) 【点拨】in danger (of) 处于危险之中 The drowned girl was obviously in immediate danger. 很明显，那个溺水的女孩的生命危在旦夕。 The old house is in danger of collapse. 那所老房子有倒塌的危险。 out of danger 脱离危险 They were told at the hospital that their gran

28、dmother was out of danger. 他们在医院得知他们的祖母已经脱离危险了。【拓展】与 in/out of 搭配的短语 in order 有秩序in sight 看得见in trouble 在困境中in line 成行(队)in place 适合/当in fashion 时尚out of order出故障(机器等工作不正常)out of sight 看不见out of trouble 摆脱困境out of line 不成一条直线out of place 不合适out of fashion 过时protect.from/against. 【点拨】protect. from/ a

29、gainst 保护免受(的伤害) Young plants should be well protected from the cold. 幼苗必须被很好地保护以免受冻。 The hen protected its young against being attacked by the cat. 母鸡保卫小鸡使其免遭猫的袭击。【拓展】类似句型表达： defend.from/ against. 保卫以抵制 keep sb. from doing/ stop sb. (from) doing/ prevent sb. (from) doing 阻止某人做 Everyone should take

30、up arms to defend our country from invasion. 每个人都应当拿起武器保卫我们的国家不受侵犯。 Nothing can stop us from realizing our dreams. 什么也不能阻止我们实现梦想。 注意： 1. protect against 和 protect from 意思相似，有时可互换。但是，对于较大的事情，如：敌人的入侵、天灾等，常用 protect against, 对于较小的事情常用 protect from。 2. 在protect.from/against. 结构中，from和against后面常跟sth.，有时a

31、gainst后跟 being done来强调动作的被动性。 3.主动句中prevent/stop.from.中的 from 可省略，在被动句中from不可省略，而 keep . from.中的 from无论是在主动句还是被动句中都不能省略。long before 【点拨】long before早在之前很久 before可作连词连接时间状语从句，作介词连接时间点，或作副词。long before 连接的时间状语从句用一般现在时呼应主句的一般将来时；一般过去时呼应主句的一般过去时或过去将来时。 Long before, there was a big museum here. 很久以前，这里有一座大博物馆。 I had heard of him long before I came here. 早在我来这儿很久以前