动词不定式PPT.ppt

1、动词不定式,定义,练习,构成,用法,动词不定式是非谓语动词的一种，它没有人称和数的变化，在句子中不能独立作谓语，但它仍保持动词的特点，既可以有自己的宾语和状语。,动词不定式的构成：肯定形式：to+动词原形否定形式：not to+动词原形,动词不定式的用法,动词不定式具有名词、形容词和副词的特征。因此在句中可以做主语、表语、宾语、宾语补足语、定语和状语。,功能：,作宾语补足语,作宾语,作主语,特殊疑问词+to,作状语,注 意,作定语、表语,动词不定式作主语,动词不定式作主语时句子有以下两种,(1)把不定式置于句首。如：To get there by bike will take us half

2、an hour.(2)用it作形式主语，把真正的主语不定式置于句后 It will take us half an hour to get there by bike.,动词不定式作主语时句子有以下两种,(1)把不定式置于句首。如：To get there by bike will take us half an hour.(2)用it作形式主语，把真正的主语不定式置于句后 It will take us half an hour to get there by bike.,Itbe名词to do Its our duty to take good care of the old.It tak

3、es sb+some time+to do How long did it take you to finish the work?Itbe形容词for sbto do It is difficult for us to finish writing the composition in a quarter of an hour.It seems形容词to do It seemed impossible to save money,常用句式有：,动词不定式作宾语,后面能接不定式作宾语的动词有：agree,ask,choose,decide,forget,hope,learn,want,wish

4、,would like等。如：We hope to get there before dark.我们希望天黑以前到那儿。The girl decided to do it herself.那个姑娘决定自己做那件事。,注意,动词不定式作宾语的注意事项（2点）,1有些动词既可跟不定式作宾语，也可跟动名词作宾语，但含义不同：remember to do 记住要做某事；remember doing 记得曾经做过某事 forget to do忘记要做某事 forget doing 忘记曾经做过某事 stop to do 停下来去做某事 stop doing 停止做某事 go on to do 继续做另一

5、件事 go on doing 继续做原来在做的事 I remember seeing you somewhere before.我记得以前在哪儿见过你。Please remember to turn off the light when you leave.离开时请记得关好灯。,动词不定式作宾语的注意事项（2点）,2.不定式作宾语时，如带有宾语补足语，则要把不定式放到后面，用it作形式宾语，构成“主语+动词+it+宾补（形容词、名词）+不定式”结构。如：He found it very difficult to get to sleep.他发现很难入睡。,动词不定式作宾语补足语,1后面能接to

6、不定式作宾语补足语的动词有：ask,order,teach,tell,want,wish,help等。The teacher told us to do Exercise 1.老师要我们做练习一。I want both of you to go.我要你们俩去。We helped her(to)repair her bike.我们帮助她修理自行车。,动词不定式作宾语补足语,2使役动词let,have,make及感官动词see,watch,notice,hear,feel等要以不带to的不定式作宾补。Lets have a rest.我们休息一会吧。I saw him come in.我看见他进来

7、了。感官动词后既可跟不带to的不定式作宾补，也可跟v-ing作宾补，前者表示动作的全部过程已结束；后者表示动作正在进行。I saw him come downstairs.我看见他下了楼。（说明他下楼了这件事）I saw him coming downstairs.我看见他在下楼。（说明他下楼时的情景）,动词不定式作定语,1、不定时要放在所修饰的名词、代词之后。Would you like something to eat?He has a important meeting to have.2、如果动名词与所修饰的名词与代词之间构成逻辑上的动宾关系，因此若不定式的动词是不及物动词时要加上相应

8、的介词They want a big room to live in.,动词不定式作表语,动词不定式作表语的语法功能，在初中阶段不作为考查项目，但是往往会在完形填空或阅读理解中出现，所以对此有多了解会有助于你的阅读能力。,动词不定式放在系动词之后作表语；My job is to clean the street every day.His dream is to be a doctor.,动词不定式作状语,1.作目的状语He ran fast to catch the first bus.He came here only to say goodbye to us.2.作结果状语He sear

9、ched the room to find nothing.3.作原因状语Im glad to see you.,特殊疑问词与动词不定式连用,特殊疑问词To do 往往与宾语从句相互转换,I dont know what to do.=I don t know what I should do.,类似的疑问词还有 when,where,whom,which,how,动词不定式的否定形式,动词不定式的否定式是在to前加not；不带to的不定式则在动词前加not.如：Zhang Ming asked me not to stay at home all day.张明要我不要整天呆在家里。My mo

10、ther let me not do it by myself.妈妈让我不要独自做这件事。,To 的几种常见用法,tooto/not+adj.+enough to do He is too careless to finish the work well.He is not careful enough to finish the work well.He is so careless that he couldnt finish it well.He is such a careless boy that he couldnt be to do表示按照计划或者安排将要发生的动作 used t

11、o do 表示过去常常干某事 have to do 不得不作某事,同步练习,1.We want to play basketball after school.Would you like _(join)us?2.Meimei likes English very much.She does her best _(learn)English well.3.It is better to teach a man fishing than _(give)him fish.4.Though Tom missed many lessons,he tried hard _(not fall)behind

12、.5.The little boy _(ask)to do his homework just now.,to join,to learn,to give,not to fall,was asked,同步练习,6.Never forget _(say)“Excuse me”,when you trouble somebody.7.Who told the man _(not be)late for school?8.So much work usually makes them _(feel)very tired.9.Lets go and _(play)games.10.They will spend their holiday in Guilin,but we havent decided where _(go).,to say,not to be,feel,play,to go,