Unit 3 Social Problems新编大学英语第二版第三册课文翻译.docx

1、Unit 3 Social Problems新编大学英语第二版第三册课文翻译Unit 3 Social ProblemsLatchkey ChildrenKnock, Knock, Is Anybody Home?In the United States the cost of living has been steadily rising for the past few decades. Food prices, clothing costs, housing expenses, and tuition fees are constantly getting higher and high

2、er. Partly because of financial need, and partly because of career choices for personal fulfillment, mothers have been leaving the traditional role of full-time homemaker. Increasingly they have been taking salaried jobs outside the home. Making such a significant role change affects the entire fami

3、ly, especially the children. Some consequences are obvious. For example, dinnertime is at a later hour. The emotional impact, on the other hand, can be more subtle. Mothers leave home in the morning, feeling guilty because they will not be home when their children return from school. They suppress t

4、heir guilt since they believe that their work will benefit everyone in the long run. The income will enable the family to save for college tuition, take an extended vacation, buy a new car, and so on. The emotional impact on the children can be significant. It is quite common for children to feel hu

5、rt and resentful. After all, they are alone several hours, and they feel that their mothers should be there for them. They might need assistance with their homework or want to share the days activities. All too often, however, the mothers arrive home exhausted and face the immediate task of preparin

6、g dinner. Their priority is making the evening meal for the family, not engaging in relaxed conversation. Latchkey children range in age from six to thirteen. On a daily basis they return from school and unlock the door to their home with the key hanging around their necks. They are now on their own

7、, alone, in quiet, empty rooms. For some youngsters, it is a productive period of private time, while for others it is a frightening, lonely void. For reasons of safety, many parents forbid their children to go out to play or to have visitors at home. The youngsters, therefore, feel isolated. Latchk

8、ey children who were interviewed reported diverse reactions. Some latchkey children said that being on their own for a few hours each day fostered, or stimulated, a sense of independence and responsibility. They felt loved and trusted, and this feeling encouraged them to be self-confident. Latchkey

9、girls, by observing how their mothers coped with the demands of a family and a job, learned the role model of a working mother. Some children stated that they used their unsupervised free time to perfect their athletic skills, such as playing basketball. Others read books or practiced a musical inst

10、rument. These children looked upon their free time after school as an opportunity for personal development. It led to positive, productive, and valuable experiences. Conversely, many latchkey children expressed much bitterness, resentment, and anger for being made to live in this fashion. Many claim

11、ed that too much responsibility was placed on them at an early age; it was an overwhelming burden. They were little people who really wanted to be protected, encouraged, and cared for through attention from their mothers. Coming home to an empty house was disappointing, lonely, and often frightening

12、. They felt abandoned by their mothers. After all, it seemed to them that most other children had normal families whose mothers were around, whereas their own mothers were never home. Many children turned on the television for the whole afternoon day after day, in order to diminish feelings of isola

13、tion; furthermore, the voices were comforting. Frequently, they would doze off. Because of either economic necessity or strong determination for personal fulfillment, or both, the phenomenon of latchkey children is widespread in our society. Whatever the reason, it is a compelling situation with whi

14、ch families must cope. The question to ask is not whether or not mothers should work full-time. Given the reality of the situation, the question to ask is: how can an optimum plan be worked out to deal effectively with the situation. It is advisable for all members of the family to express their fee

15、lings and concerns about the inevitable change candidly. These remarks should be discussed fully. Many factors must be taken into consideration: the childrens personality and maturity, the amount of time the children will be alone, the safety of the neighborhood, accessibility of help in case of an

16、emergency. Of supreme importance is the quality of the relationship between parents and children. It is most important that the children be secure in the knowledge that they are loved. Feeling loved provides invaluable emotional strength to cope successfully with almost any difficulty that arises in

17、 life. 挂钥匙的孩子笃、笃，家里有人吗？在过去的几十年中，美国的生活费用一直在持续增长。食品价格。服装费用、房子开销和学费都越来越高。母亲们纷纷放弃传统的全职家庭主妇的角色，这一部分是由于经济需要，一部分是想通过工作取得成就感。她们越来越多地从事家庭以外的有薪水的工作。如此重大的角色转换影响着整个家庭，尤其是孩子们。某些后果是非常明显的。例如，晚饭时间推迟了。而另一方面，这种转变对情感的影响就更微妙了。母亲们早上带着愧疚感离开家，因为孩子放学回来时她们会不在家。她们压抑着愧疚心理，因为她们相信她们的工作从长远来讲对大家有益。她们的收入将能够使家庭存下钱来供孩子上大学。度一次长假、买辆新车

18、，等等。孩子们在情感上所受到的影响是很大的。通常，孩子会感到受伤和愤怒。毕竟，他们一个人呆几个小时，他们感到他们的母亲应该“在那儿”等着他们。他们可能需要有人帮他们完成作业，或者想把一天的活动说给母亲听。然而，母亲们通常筋疲力尽地回到家，又要面临一个紧迫的任务准备晚饭。她们的首要任务是给全家人做晚饭，而不是轻松的聊天。挂钥匙的孩子年龄从六岁到十三岁不等。每天，他们放学回家，用挂在脖子上的钥匙打开门，独自一人，孤孤单单地呆在安静而空荡荡的屋子里。对某些孩子来说，这段个人时间是很有所作为的，而对于另外一些孩子，却是令人害怕的孤单的空虚。由于安全原因，很多父母不允许孩子出去玩，或带客人到家里来。因此

19、，孩子们感到一种被隔离的感觉。被采访的挂钥匙的孩子们反应不同。一些孩子说，每天自己呆上几个小时培养或激发了他们的独立意识和责任心。他们感到被爱、被信任，并且这一感觉鼓励他们自信。挂钥匙的女孩子通过观察母亲如何持家和工作，学习了职业母亲的行为榜样。一些孩子称他们利用这段不受监督的自由时间来提高他们的运动技能，如打篮球。还有一些孩子读书或练习乐器。这些孩子把放学后的自由时间看作个人发展的机会。这段时间带给了他们积极的、有成就的宝贵的经历。相反，也有很多挂钥匙的孩子因为不得不以这种方式生活而表现出诸多的痛苦、怨恨和愤怒。很多孩子称在很小的年龄，他们就被赋予了太多的责任；这是他们所无法承受的负担。他们

20、还是小孩，非常需要母亲的保护、鼓励和细心照顾。回到空荡荡的家令人失望、孤单并且通常很恐惧。他们感到被母亲所抛弃。毕竟，对他们来说，似乎其他的孩子都有着“正常的”家庭，母亲都“在身边”，而他们自己的母亲却从不在家。很大孩子每天整个下午开着电视，只是为了消除孤独感；此外，电视的声音也是令人安慰的。通常，他们就这样睡着了。或者是因为经济需要，或者是实现个人价值的坚定的决心，或者两者兼有，挂钥匙的孩子的现象在我们的社会是普遍存在的。无论是什么原因，这是一个急迫的、众多家庭必须解决的局面。问题不在于母亲们是否应该全职工作。考虑到这一现象的实施状况，要提出的问题是：如何才能制定合适的计划有效地应对这种局面

21、。可行的做法是：对于这一不可避免的变化，家庭所有成员应该坦诚地表达他们的感受和忧虑，并予以充分的讨论。很多因素必须被考虑在内：孩子的性格和成熟程度，孩子将独自在家的时间的长短，家庭周围是否安全，紧急情况下能否得到救助。父母与孩子的融洽度是最重要的。要让孩子们放心他们的父母是爱他们的，也是很重要的。感到被爱给与了孩子们宝贵的情感力量，使他们能够克服生活中的诸多困难。Its a Muggers Game in ManhattanMartin had lived in New York for forty years and never been mugged once. This did not

22、make him confidenton the contrary, it terrified him. The way he saw it, he was now the most likely person in Manhattan to get mugged next. What are the odds of my getting mugged? he asked his friend Lenny. How much are you willing to bet? said Lenny, who was a compulsive gambler. Oh come on, this is

23、 too important to bet on! Nothing is too important to bet on, said Lenny, shocked. That was the end of their friendship. How do you think I can avoid getting mugged? Martin asked his friend Grace. Grace had not been outside her apartment in five years, as a sure-fire way of avoiding being mugged. It

24、 had failed; someone had broken in and mugged her. Ive no idea, Martin, she said. Most of these guys are on drugs anyway, and they need the money for their addiction. This gave Martin an idea. If the muggers only needed the money for drugs, why didnt he offer them drugs instead? Then possibly they w

25、ould be so grateful they wouldnt harm him. Through some rich friends he knew he bought small quantities of heroin and cocaine. He had never touched the stuff himself, so he had to label them carefully to make sure he didnt get them mixed up. One day he was walking in a part of Central Park he should

26、nt have been in (the part where there is grass and trees) when three men leapt out at him. One was black, one was Puerto Rican and one was Caucasian. Well, at least mugging is being integrated he thought. You want drugs? he cried. Ive got drugs! Anything you want you can have. Just name it. But dont

27、 touch me! The three men let go of him respectfully. We almost made a big mistake there, said one of them. This guys a pusher. Hurt him, and we could have the Mafia down on us. Lets see what you got, mister. Somewhat to his surprise Martin found himself displaying his wares to his clientele. Even mo

28、re to his surprise, he found himself accepting money for the drugs, much more than hed paid for them. How come you guys have all this money? He said. Why are you out mugging if you have money? Well, were not real muggers, said the Caucasian embarrassed. Were out-of-work actors. I thought out-of-work

29、 showbiz people always became waiters or barmen, said Martin. Right. But there are so many showbiz people in catering now that you cant get work as waiters. So we had to get work as muggers. When Martin got home, he bought some more drugs from his friend. Pretty soon he sold them to some more mugger

30、s. Pretty soon after that he found he was spending more and more time pushing drugs, and making more and more money at it. Being afraid of muggings had turned him into a professional drug-pusher. One day a man leapt out at him and grabbed him. You want drugs? said Martin. I got drugs. I want money,

31、said a familiar voice. Lenny! cried Martin. Howre you doing? Badly, said Lenny. I lost everything gambling. He hit Martin over the head and took his money, wallet and all his credit cards, leaving the little packets of white powder behind. 曼哈顿抢劫犯的计谋马丁在纽约住了四十年，从没被抢过。这并没有让他很放心，相反，这令他很害怕。在他看来，他是曼哈顿下一个最

32、有可能被抢的人。“我被抢的可能性有多大？”他问他的朋友列尼。“你想赌多少钱？”列尼说，那是个非常爱赌的人。“得了吧，这么重要的事情，也能打赌！”“没有什么事重要到不能赌的，”列尼吃惊地说道。这成为他们友谊的结束。“你觉得我怎么样可以不被抢呢？”马丁问他的朋友格蕾丝。格蕾丝曾经五年没有出公寓门，以为这就肯定不会被抢了。不过也失败了，有人入室抢劫。“我不知道，马丁，”她说，“不过这帮家伙大多吸毒，他们需要钱满足毒瘾。”这让马丁有了一个主意，如果那些抢劫的人只是需要钱来买毒品，那何不提供毒品给他们呢？通过一些有钱的朋友，他买了一点儿海洛因和可卡因。他自己从没碰过这些东西，因此，他不得不很小心地给它们贴上标签，以确定自己不会搞混。一天，他正在中央公园走着，他不该走到有草有树的那片地方的，三个人跳到他面前。一个黑人，一个波多黎各人和一个白人。哦，她想，至少在抢劫方面已经民族融合了。“你们是要毒品吗？”他喊道，“我有！想要什么都行。告诉我就行。但是别碰我！”三个人很敬重地放开了他。“我们差点犯了大错，”其中一个说道，“这家伙是毒贩子。伤了他，我们就会惹上黑手党了。让我们看看你的货吧，先生。”马丁惊人地发现自己在向客