超详细初中英语知识点归纳汇总之二Word文件下载.docx

1、Have you finished your work? Yes, I did yesterday.He plays basketball well. So does his brother.（4）助动词shall构成将来时态，单纯表示未来情况I shall not be back tonight.We shall pay a visit to the Banpo ruins next month.（5）助动词will构成将来时，用于第一、二、三人称。如：They will move to a new house.She will not eat any solid food.注意：（1）ha

2、ve to 与must的区别must是情态动词，意思是“必须”、“应该”、“一定要”，后接动词原形。Must的否定形式为mustnt.构成疑问句时，肯定回答一般用must。否定回答用neednt或dont have to 表示“不必”。Must I do it now ?Yes, you must No, you neednt.have to 表示“不得不，必须”，可用于多种时态。I missed the train, so I had to take a taxi.Im sorry I wont go with you, Ill have to go to the bank.We dont

3、have to install this new television set.（2）used to 表示过去常常，而现在不再有的习惯。其否定形式为: used not to, usednt （usent） to , didnt use to.I used to go to work by bus. Now I go by car.I used to collect stamps when I was a boy.Used they to have a lot more free time ?第十四课时 动 词（四）教学重点情态动词（1）情态动词表示说话人对某一动作或状态的态度，或表示主观设想

4、。情态动词有自己的词义，但不能单独作谓语动词，必须和不带to的动词不定式连用，没有人称和数的变化，常用的情态动词有can, may, must, will, shall, should, would, need, dare. 情态动词有自己的词义，表示说话人对某一动作或状态的态度，或主观设想。You may go now.This bus can seat 40 people.The work must be finished as soon as possible. 情态动词不能单独作谓语，必须和不带to的不定式连用，没有人称和数的变化。 情态动词有现在式和过去式两种形式。（2）情态动词的用

5、法。 may的用法a. 表示允许或征询对方的许可，有“可以”的意思。May not表示说话人“不许可”，如：May I use you typewrite?You may not go=I do not permit you to go.b. 在回答may引导的疑问句时，肯定回答用yes, you may否定用No, you mustnt. No, you cant或No, you had better not. can的用法a表示能力，有“能、会、能够”的意思。b. 表示允许，在口语中代替may，有“可以的意思。c. 表示“可能性”，常用于否定句或疑问句。The hall can hold

6、at least 200 people.The librarian said we could take these books.Today is Sunday, he cant be at school today.d. can和be able to的用法比较can用来表达能力时，由于只有现在时和过去时两种形式，其他时态要用be able to来表达。I can play piano.He has not been able to finish the work in time. must 的用法a. must表示必须，应该。Must I come to the party?The arti

7、cle must be completed before Friday.b. must的否定形式mustnt, 表示“不应该、不可以、禁止”。You mustnt get to school too late.Must I do it now? Yes, you must. No, you needntShe must have gone to Beijing.You must say sorry to me for thatYou mustnt clean only own room. need的用法a. need作为情态动词主要用于否定句和疑问句，较少用于肯定句。I neednt wear

8、 a coat. = I dont think I need wear a coat.I dont need things like that. shall用于第二、第三人称，表示说话人的意愿。如:He shall get his money.You shall do exactly as you wish.Shall I turn on the light?Shall I poen the window? would的用法表示愿望、决心、建议或看法，如：I would like to go there.I promised that I would do my best.表示过去的习惯.He

9、 would often come to my house to see me.第十五课时 动词的时态（一）一般现在时在英语中，不同时间里以不同方式发生的动作或存在的状态，要用不同的动词形式来表示，动词的这种不同形式称为动词的时态。时态从时间上划分，可分为四大类：现在时；过去时；将来时；过去将来时。从行为上，每一类可以分为四种形式：一般式；进行式；完成式；完成进行式。这样英语的动词合起来，总共有十六种时态，初中只需掌握其中的八种时态。1、一般现在时（1）一般现在时表示现在的状态、习惯性的动作或主语所具备的性格和能力等。 当动词是be时，第一人称用am,第二人称用is,其他人称用are. 当动词

10、是实义动词时，一般用动词原形，但如果主语是第三人称单数时，动词必须用第三人称单数形式，其变化规则如下：助动词do（第三人称单数用does）构成否定句、疑问句及答语，但要注意助动词后原来的谓语动词要恢复原形。例如：I like music. I dont like music.Do you like music? Yes, I do No, I dont（2）一般现在时的用法 表示经常、习惯性动作，常和often, usually, every day, sometimes, always等时间状语连用。He goes to school by bus every day.They often

11、play football 表示能力、职业、特征。Miss Gao teaches English.Do you speak Japanese? 表示客观存在。The earth moves round the sun.Time and tide wait for no man. 表示已经安排好或计划好的事。如The plane takes off at 7:30.Classes begin at 8:00 在时间状语和条件状语从句中，主句用一般将来时，从句用一般现在时。If I see him, Ill tell him to give you a call.Well wait until

12、he comes back.a. 一般现在时的一些常见的时间状语有：always, often, usually, sometimes, seldom, ever, never, every day, now and then, from time to timeb. 现在进行时有时用来代替一般现在时，表示一个经常性的重复的动作或状态。这时句中常带always, forever以表示说话人的某种感情，如赞叹、厌烦等。He is always thinking of others.He is always talking big.第十六课时 动词的时态（二）一般过去时（1）一般过去时表示过去某一

13、时间所发生的动作或存在的状态。 当动词为be动词时，应该用相应的过去式：am is - was are - were否定形式为：was not - wasnt were not - werent疑问句是将was, were 置于主语之前。I was in Grade Three last term.I wasnt in Grade Two last term.Which grade were you in? 当动词为实义动词时，用动词的过去式，过去式的变化有规则和不规则变化。规则变化如下：动词过去式的不规则变化需要逐个记忆。见初三教材后的不规则动词变化形式表。go - went begin -

14、 began sleep - slept run - ranI heard the good news just now.The twins didnt go to school last weekDid you see the film yesterday ?（2）一般过去时的用法 表示过去某一时间或一段时间发生的动作或存在的状态。常和表示过去的状语连用：yesterday, last week, a minute ago, in 1998, just now, in those days等。They had a baby last month.My mother was ill yeste

15、rday.He went out just now. 用于since引导的从句，主句的谓语动词如果用现在完成时，since引导的从句一般要用一般过去时。He has worked in the factory since it opened in 1990.You havent changed much since we last met.a. 表示过去的时间状语常见的有：yesterday, last night（week, year, month, Sunday）, then, at that time, just now, a few days（weeks, months） ago.以及

16、由after, before, when, while引导的的表示过去的时间状语。b. 一般过去时可以用来表示现在的时间， 这主要用于日常会话，使用的语气较为婉转客气。I wanted to ask if I could borrow your bike.第十七课时 动词的时态（三）一般将来时 过去将来时一般将来时（1）一般将来时表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态。常与表示将来的时间状语连用：tomorrow, next week, next month, in a few days, from now on。Im going to visit the museum this Sunday.Ill

17、 be there in half an hour.Well arrive tomorrow.（2）一般将来时的构成 be going to + 动词原形。Be随主语人称和数的变化而变化，否定句在be后面加not, 疑问句是将be放到主语之后。Its going to be fine tomorrow.He isnt going to speak at the meeting.What are you going to do next? will +动词原形。Will可以和各种人称及数的主语连用。否定句在will后加not,缩写成wont，疑问句需将will提至主语之前。We will hav

18、e a basketball match next week.Will you come to the party?I sont lend it to you. shall + 动词原形。此结构常用于主语为第人称I / we的句中，疑问句表示提建议或征求意见。When and where shall we meet ?Shall I turn on the TV ?（3） 一般将来时的基本用法。 “be going to +动词原形”表示“意图”，即打算、计划要做某事。Are you going to post the letter ?How long is he going to stay

19、here ? “be going to + 动词原形”还可以表示“预见”，即现在已有迹象表明将要发生的事。There are a lot of clouds. Its going to rain.Its 7:50. Im going to be late. “will + 动词原形”表示客观上要发生的事或表示“带意愿色彩的将来”。He will help you if you ask him.They will come back tomorrow.过去将来时过去将来时表示在过去将来的某一时间发生的动作或存在的状态。常用于宾语从句中。其结构与一般将来时类似，只需将助动词改为过去式。am/ is

20、/ are going to + 动词原形was/ were going to + 动词原形will + 动词原形 would + 动词原形should + 动词原形 should + 动词原形You knew I would come.He asked me when he would see me again.Jim said he was going to see his friend the next day.第十八课时 动词的时态（四）现在进行时 过去进行时1、现在进行时（1）现在进行时表示现在或现阶段正在发生或进行的动作。它是由“be + 动词的现在分词”构成。其否定句是在be之后

21、加not。疑问句则将be提到主语之前。（2） 现在分词的构成（3）现在进行时的用法。 表示说话时正在进行的动作。What are you doing ? Who are you waiting for ?Im cooking 表示现阶段一直在进行的动作，但说话时不一定在进行。He is working in a factory. She is translating look now. 表示不断重复的动作。The boy is always asking some strange questions.The children are singing and dancing. 表示位置移动的动词

22、，可以用现在进行时表示将要发生的事。如go, come, leave, fly, start等。When are you starting ? Im leaving tomorrow.2、过去进行时过去进行时表示过去某一时刻正在进行的动作。过去进行时常和表示过去的时间状语连用。this time yesterday, at that time, then, last night, at 9:00 yesterday, all night等。其构成和现在进行时类似，只需将be变为相应的过去式：was/ were + 动词-ing。What were you doing this time yes

23、terday ?When I was watering the garden, it began to rain.I was watching TV.I was writing while my mother was cooking.教学难点： 过去进行时表示一个过去的动作发生时或发生之后，另一个过去的动作正在进行。过去进行时也可用来表示过去一段时间内持续发生的动作。当我在花园浇水时，突然下雨了。While we were having a party, the lights went out. 过去进行时还可以表示两个过去的动作同时进行，这时可用连接词while引导。George was r

24、eading while his wife was listening to the radio. “was going + 不定式”表示过去打算。He was going to be our team leader. 他原打算当我们的领队。 过去进行时与一般过去的区别过去进行时表示在过去一段时间正在进行的动作，而一般过去时表示一个完成的动作。I was typing letters last night.I typed some letters last night.第十九课时 动词的时态（五）现在完成时（一）现在完成时（1）现在完成时表示某个动作发生在过去，但对现在有影响（或结果），这个动

25、作或状态可能已经结束，也可能还要持续下去。其构成形式是： have/ has + 动词过去分词否定句在have/ has 后加nothavent/ hasnt疑问句要将have/ has放到主语之前。（2）现在完成时的用法。 表示过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响和结果。常用的时间状语有：already, yet, ever, never, just等。I have already finished the work.Have you ever been to Beijing?He has never seen such a nice car. 表示过去已经开始，持续到现在的动作或状态。往往和表示

26、一段时间的状语连用。for + 时间段；since + 时间点（表时间段）；时间段+ago；一般过去时态。I have taught in this school for ten years.I have taught in this school since ten years ago. for和since引导的短语都表示“一段时间”，所以谓语动词应该用延续性动词，不能用非延续性动词。延续性动词表示该动词可以延续一段时间，如：live, work, study, teach, stay等，非延续性动词是指该动词所表示的动作不能持续，是短暂的、瞬间完成的，如：borrow, come, arr

27、ive, get, leave, die等。许多非延续性动词可以用意思相同或相近的延续性动词来表示：leave - be away from arrive - be ingo - be away come - be in / at finish - be overbuy - have borrow - keep die - be deadjoin - be in/be a member of begin - be onHe has gone He has been away for an hourI have bought a watch I have had the watch for several days have/ has been to 和 have/ has gone tohave/ has been to ：曾去过have/ has gone to ：已去，去了（不在说话现场，在途中或已经到达）My mother has been to America. 我妈妈曾经去过美国My mother has gone to America. 我妈妈已经去了美国（3）现在完成时与一般过去时的