经济学原理对应练习08.doc

1、Chapter 8/Application: The Costs of Taxationv343Chapter 8Application: The Costs of TaxationMultiple Choice1.In 1776, the American Revolution was sparked by anger overa.the extravagant lifestyle of British royalty.b.the crimes of British soldiers stationed in the American colonies.c.British taxes imp

2、osed on the American colonies.d.the failure of the British to protect American colonists from attack by hostile Native Americans.ANS: CPTS: 1DIF: 1REF: 8-0TOP: TaxesMSC: Definitional2.Anger over British taxes played a significant role in bringing abouta.the election of John Adams as the second Ameri

3、can president.b.the American Revolution.c.the War of 1812.d.the “no new taxes” clause in the U.S. Constitution.ANS: BPTS: 1DIF: 1REF: 8-0TOP: TaxesMSC: Definitional3.When Ronald Reagan ran for the presidency in 1980, he pledged to bring abouta.large cuts in personal income taxes.b.large cuts in payr

4、oll taxes.c.large increases in personal income taxes.d.large increases in payroll taxes.ANS: APTS: 1DIF: 1REF: 8-0TOP: TaxesMSC: Definitional4.Which U.S. president lost his bid for re-election, in part because he had broken an earlier campaign promise to refrain from imposing any new taxes?a.Lyndon

5、B. Johnsonb.Jimmy Carterc.George H.W. Bushd.Bill ClintonANS: CPTS: 1DIF: 1REF: 8-0TOP: TaxesMSC: Definitional5.During Ronald Reagans presidency, the top tax rate on income fell froma.36 percent to 22 percent.b.50 percent to 22 percent.c.50 percent to 28 percent.d.70 percent to 28 percent.ANS: DPTS:

6、1DIF: 2REF: 8-0TOP: Tax ratesMSC: Definitional6.In recent decades, which of the following U.S. presidents promised tax cuts and subsequently delivered tax cuts?a.Jimmy Carter and Ronald Reaganb.Ronald Reagan and Bill Clintonc.Gerald Ford and George W. Bushd.Ronald Reagan and George W. BushANS: DPTS:

7、 1DIF: 2REF: 8-0TOP: TaxesMSC: Definitional7.Who once said that taxes are the price we pay for a civilized society?a.Aristotleb.George Washingtonc.Oliver Wendell Holmesd.Ronald ReaganANS: CPTS: 1DIF: 1REF: 8-0TOP: TaxesMSC: Definitional8.To fully understand how taxes affect economic well-being, we m

8、usta.assume that economic well-being is not affected if all tax revenue is spent on goods and services for the people who are being taxed.b.know the dollar amount of all taxes raised in the country each pare the reduced welfare of buyers and sellers to the amount of revenue the government raises.d.t

9、ake into account the fact that almost all taxes reduce the welfare of buyers, increase the welfare of sellers, and raise revenue for the government.ANS: CPTS: 1DIF: 2REF: 8-0TOP: Taxes | Economic welfareMSC: Interpretive9.Oliver Wendell Holmes once said taxesa.are the price we pay for a civilized so

10、ciety.b.are a fact of life.c.cannot be escaped unless you are in jail.d.can be avoided only by the rich.ANS: APTS: 1DIF: 1REF: 8-1TOP: TaxesMSC: Definitional10.When a tax is levied on a good, the buyers and sellers of the good share the burden, a.provided the tax is levied on the sellers.b.provided

11、the tax is levied on the buyers.c.provided a portion of the tax is levied on the buyers, with the remaining portion levied on the sellers.d.regardless of how the tax is levied.ANS: DPTS: 1DIF: 2REF: 8-1TOP: Tax burdenMSC: Interpretive11.A tax on a gooda.raises the price that buyers effectively pay a

12、nd raises the price that sellers effectively receive.b.raises the price that buyers effectively pay and lowers the price that sellers effectively receive.c.lowers the price that buyers effectively pay and raises the price that sellers effectively receive.d.lowers the price that buyers effectively pa

13、y and lowers the price that sellers effectively receive.ANS: BPTS: 1DIF: 2REF: 8-1TOP: Tax | PricesMSC: Interpretive12.When a good is taxed,a.both buyers and sellers of the good are made worse off.b.only buyers are made worse off, because they ultimately bear the burden of the tax.c.only sellers are

14、 made worse off, because the government holds them responsible for sending in the tax payments.d.neither buyers nor sellers are made worse off, since tax revenue is used to provide goods and services that would otherwise not be provided in a market economy.ANS: APTS: 1DIF: 2REF: 8-1TOP: Taxes | Econ

15、omic welfareMSC: Interpretive13.To measure the gains and losses from a tax on a good, economists use the tools of a.macroeconomics.b.welfare economics.c.international-trade theory.d.circular-flow analysis.ANS: BPTS: 1DIF: 1REF: 8-1TOP: Taxes | Economic welfareMSC: Interpretive14.When a tax is impose

16、d on a good,a.the supply curve for the good always shifts.b.the demand curve for the good always shifts.c.the amount of the good that buyers are willing to buy at each price always remains unchanged.d.the equilibrium quantity of the good always decreases.ANS: DPTS: 1DIF: 2REF: 8-1TOP: Taxes | Equili

17、brium quantityMSC: Interpretive15.A tax levied on the sellers of a good shifts thea.supply curve upward (or to the left).b.supply curve downward (or to the right).c.demand curve upward (or to the right).d.demand curve downward (or to the left).ANS: APTS: 1DIF: 2REF: 8-1TOP: Tax | Supply curveMSC: In

18、terpretive16.A tax levied on the buyers of a good shifts thea.supply curve upward (or to the left).b.supply curve downward (or to the right).c.demand curve downward (or to the left).d.demand curve upward (or to the right).ANS: CPTS: 1DIF: 2REF: 8-1TOP: Tax | Demand curveMSC: Interpretive17.When a ta

19、x is imposed on the buyers of a good, the demand curve shiftsa.downward by the amount of the tax.b.upward by the amount of the tax.c.downward by less than the amount of the tax.d.upward by more than the amount of the tax.ANS: APTS: 1DIF: 2REF: 8-1TOP: Tax | Demand curveMSC: Interpretive18.When a tax

20、 is imposed on the sellers of a good, a.the demand curve shifts downward by less than the amount of the tax.b.the demand curve shifts downward by the amount of the tax.c.the supply curve shifts upward by less than the amount of the tax.d.the supply curve shifts upward by the amount of the tax.ANS: D

21、PTS: 1DIF: 2REF: 8-1TOP: Tax | Supply curveMSC: Interpretive19.A tax placed on buyers of tires shiftsa.the demand curve for tires downward, decreasing the price received by sellers of tires and causing the market for tires to expand.b.the demand curve for tires downward, decreasing the price receive

22、d by sellers of tires and causing the market for tires to shrink.c.the supply curve for tires upward, decreasing the effective price paid by buyers of tires and causing the market for tires to expand.d.the supply curve for tires upward, increasing the effective price paid by buyers of tires and caus

23、ing the market for tires to shrink.ANS: BPTS: 1DIF: 3REF: 8-1TOP: Tax | Demand curve | Equilibrium quantityMSC: Applicative20.Buyers of a product will bear the larger part of the tax burden, and sellers will bear a smaller part of the tax burden, when a.the tax is placed on the sellers of the produc

24、t.b.the tax is placed on the buyers of the product.c.the supply of the product is more elastic than the demand for the product.d.the demand for the product is more elastic than the supply of the product.ANS: CPTS: 1DIF: 2REF: 8-1TOP: Tax incidenceMSC: Applicative21.Sellers of a product will bear the

25、 larger part of the tax burden, and buyers will bear a smaller part of the tax burden, when a.the tax is placed on the sellers of the product.b.the tax is placed on the buyers of the product.c.the supply of the product is more elastic than the demand for the product.d.the demand for the product is m

26、ore elastic than the supply of the product.ANS: DPTS: 1DIF: 2REF: 8-1TOP: Tax incidenceMSC: Applicative22.When a tax is imposed on a good for which the supply is relatively elastic and the demand is relatively inelastic,a.buyers of the good will bear most of the burden of the tax.b.sellers of the go

27、od will bear most of the burden of the tax.c.the effective price paid by buyers of the good will decrease.d.the size of the market for the good will expand.ANS: APTS: 1DIF: 2REF: 8-1TOP: Tax incidenceMSC: Applicative23.Suppose a tax is imposed on the buyers of fast-food hamburgers. The burden of the

28、 tax will a.fall entirely on the buyers of fast-food hamburgers.b.fall entirely on the sellers of fast-food hamburgers.c.be shared equally by the buyers and sellers of fast-food hamburgers.d.be shared by the buyers and sellers of fast-food hamburgers, but not necessarily equally.ANS: DPTS: 1DIF: 2RE

29、F: 8-1TOP: Tax incidenceMSC: Interpretive24.It does not matter whether a tax is levied on the buyers or the sellers of a good becausea.sellers always bear the full burden of the tax.b.buyers always bear the full burden of the tax.c.buyers and sellers will share the burden of the tax.d.None of the ab

30、ove is correct; the incidence of the tax does depend on whether the buyers or the sellers are required to pay the tax.ANS: CPTS: 1DIF: 2REF: 8-1TOP: Tax incidenceMSC: Interpretive25.When a tax is imposed on a good for which demand is elastic and supply is elastic, a.sellers effectively pay the major

31、ity of the tax.b.buyers effectively pay the majority of the tax.c.the tax burden is equally divided between buyers and sellers.d.None of the above is correct; further information would be required to determine how the burden of the tax is distributed between buyers and sellers.ANS: DPTS: 1DIF: 2REF: 8-1TOP: Tax incidenceMSC: Interpretive26.When cigarettes are taxed and s