英语常识.docx

1、英语常识【各种武器】air gun: 汽枪ammunition: 弹药anti-aircraft: 高射的anti-personnel: 杀伤人员的anti-tank: 反坦克的artillery: 火炮assault rifle: 突击步枪automatic: 自动的bayonet: 刺刀bazooka: 巴祖卡火箭筒bomb: 炸弹bullet: 子弹cannon: 加农炮carbine: 卡宾枪club (baton; truncheon): 棍棒cluster munition (cluster bomb): 集束炸弹flamethrower: 火焰喷射器grenade launche

2、r: 榴弹发射器handgun: 手枪hand grenade: 手榴弹howitzer: 榴弹炮improvised explosive device (IED): 简易爆炸装置land mine (proximity mine): 地雷machine gun: 机关枪missile: 导弹mortar: 迫击炮musket: 鸟铳pepper spray (OC spray): 胡椒喷雾pistol: 手枪revolver: 左轮手枪rifle: 步枪riot shield: 防暴盾rocket: 火箭rocket launcher (missile launcher): 火箭筒semi-

3、automatic: 半自动的shotgun: 霰弹枪sniper rifle: 狙击步枪submachine gun (SMG): 冲锋枪tear gas (lachrymatory agent; lachrymator): 催泪弹time bomb: 计时炸弹【200个常见病症】1. Acne: 痤疮2. ADHD (Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder) (formerly ADD): 注意力不足过动症；注意力缺失症3. Agoraphobia: 广场恐惧症4. AIDS (Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome

4、): 艾滋病5. Albinism: 白化症6. Alcoholism: 酗酒7. Allergy: 过敏8. Alzheimers disease: 老年痴呆症；阿尔茨海默病9. Amnesia: 失忆症10. Anaemia: 贫血11. Anorexia nervosa: 神经性厌食症；厌食症12. Anthrax: 炭疽病13. Antisocial personality disorder (APD): 反社会型人格异常14. Anxiety disorder: 焦虑症15. Appendicitis: 阑尾炎16. Arthritis: 关节炎17. Asperger syndro

5、me: 亚斯伯格症候群18. Asthma: 哮喘19. Athletes foot: 脚气；香港脚20. Autism: 自闭症21. Baldness (hair loss; alopecia): 脱发；秃头；光头22. Beriberi: 脚气病23. Bipolar disorder (bipolar affective disorder; formerly manic depressive disorder): 躁郁症24. Body dysmorphic disorder (BDD): 身体变形性精神障碍25. Borderline personality disorder (BP

6、D): 边缘性人格障碍26. Bowel cancer (colorectal cancer): 大肠癌27. Breast cancer: 乳癌28. Bronchitis: 支气管炎29. Brucellosis (Bangs disease): 布鲁氏菌病30. Bunion (Hallux valgus): 拇外翻畸形31. Thrush (candidiasis; yeast infection): 念珠菌症32. Chagas disease (American trypanosomiasis): 查加斯病33. Chlamydia trachomatis: 砂眼衣原体34. Bu

7、limia nervosa: 神经性暴食症；暴食症35. Cardiovascular disease (CVD): 心血管疾病36. Cat scratch disease: 猫抓病37. Cataracts: 白内障38. Cervical cancer: 子宫颈癌39. Chickenpox: 水痘40. Chlamydia: 衣原菌41. Cholera: 霍亂42. Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (CFS): 慢性疲勞症候群43. Claustrophobia: 幽闭恐惧症44. Coeliac disease (gluten intolerance): 麸质不耐

8、症；面筋不耐症45. Colitis: 结肠炎46. Common cold: (nasopharyngitis): 普通感冒；伤风47. Conjunctivitis (“pink eye”): 结膜炎；红眼病48. Coronary heart disease: 冠心病49. Cowpox: 牛痘50. Emphysema: 肺气肿51. Gangrene: 坏疽52. Goitre (bronchocele): 甲状腺肿53. Heart disease: 心脏病54. Hyperopia (farsightedness; longsightedness): 远视55. Delirium

9、 (acute confusional state): 谵妄56. Dementia: 痴呆症57. Dengue fever: 骨痛热症58. Depression: 抑郁症59. Dermatitis: 皮炎60. Dermatophytosis (tinea; ringworm): 癣61. Diabetes: 糖尿病62. Diphtheria: 白喉63. Dissociative Identity Disorder (DID; “multiple personalities”): 解离性人格疾患；人格分裂64. Down syndrome: 唐氏综合症65. Dwarfism: 侏

10、儒症66. Dysentery: 痢疾67. Ebola virus disease (EVD): 埃博拉病毒68. Eczema: 湿疹69. Encephalitis: 脑炎70. Epiglottitis: 会厌炎71. Epilepsy: 癫痫72. Erectile dysfunction (impotence; male impotency): 勃起功能障碍73. Exhibitionism: 暴露癖74. Food poisoning: 食物中毒75. Fungal infection (mycosis): 霉菌病；真菌病76. Gastroesophageal reflux d

11、isease: 胃食管反流病77. Gender identity disorder (GID): 性别认同障碍78. Generalized anxiety disorder (GAD): 广泛性焦虑症79. Genital warts: 尖锐湿疣；生殖器湿疣80. Glandular fever (infectious mononucleosis): 傳染性單核白血球增多症；淋巴腺热；腺热病81. Glaucoma: 青光眼82. Gonorrhoea: 淋病83. Gout: 痛风84. Haemorrhoids (“piles”): 痔疮85. Hand, foot and mouth

12、 disease (HFMD): 手足口病86. Head lice (pediculosis): 头虱87. Heart attack (myocardial infarction): 心脏病发作 ；心肌梗死88. Henipavirus (Hendra virus; Nipah virus): 立百病毒89. Hepatitis A: 甲型肝炎90. Hepatitis B: 乙型肝炎91. Hepatitis C: 丙型肝炎92. Hepatitis D: 丁型肝炎93. Hepatitis E: 戊型肝炎94. Hepatitis: 肝炎95. Hernia: 疝气96. Herpes

13、 zoster (shingles): 带状疱疹97. Herpes: 疱疹98. Histrionic personality disorder (HPD): 戏剧化人格违常99. HIV (Human Immunodeficiency Virus): 人类免疫缺陷病毒100. HPV (Human Papillomavirus): 人类乳突病毒101. Huntingtons disease: 亨丁顿舞蹈症102. Hyperthyroidism: 甲状腺功能亢进症103. Hypothermia: 低体温症104. Impetigo (school sores): 脓痂疹105. Hyp

14、oglycaemia: 低血糖106. Infertility: 不孕107. Influenza: 流行性感冒；流感108. Irritable bowel syndrome: 肠易激综合征109. Jaundice: 黄疸病110. Kleptomania: 盗窃狂症111. Kuru: 库鲁病112. Kwashiorkor: 夸休可尔症113. Lead poisoning: 铅中毒114. Leptospirosis (Weils disease; canicola fever): 钩端螺旋体病115. Learning disability: 学习障碍116. Leprosy: 麻

15、风病117. Leukaemia: 白血病118. Lockjaw: 牙关紧闭症119. Lung cancer: 肺癌120. Lupus erythematosus (lupus): 红斑性狼疮121. Lyme disease: 莱姆病122. Lymphoma: 淋巴瘤123. Metastasis: 远端转移124. Multiple myeloma: 多发性骨髓瘤125. Osteoarthritis: 退化性关节炎126. Paratyphoid fever (enteric fever): 副伤寒127. Mad-cow disease (bovine spongiform e

16、ncephalopathy): 疯牛病128. Major depressive disorder (clinical depression): 重性抑郁障碍129. Malaria: 疟疾130. Malnutrition: 营养不良131. Measles: 麻疹132. Megalomania: 自大狂133. Melancholia (lugubriousness; moroseness): 忧郁134. Melanoma: 黑色素瘤135. Meningitis: 脑膜炎136. Meningococcal disease:137. Meningococcal disease: 脑膜

17、炎球菌病138. Mental Retardation (MR): 智能障碍；智力障碍139. Miliaria (sweat rash; prickly heat): 痱子140. Mood disorder: 情感障碍141. Multiple Sclerosis (MS): 多发性硬化症142. Mumps: 腮腺炎143. Myopia (nearsightedness; shortsightedness): 近视144. Presbyopia: 老花145. Narcissistic personality disorder (NPD): 自恋型人格障碍146. Narcolepsy

18、: 发作性嗜睡病147. Night terror: 夜惊148. Obesity: 肥胖149. Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD): 强迫症150. Osteoporosis: 骨质疏松症151. Pancreatitis: 胰腺炎152. Panic disorder: 恐慌症153. Parkinsons disease: 帕金森综合症154. Phenylketonuria (PKU): 苯丙酮尿症155. Porphyria: 紫质症156. Prostatitis: 前列腺炎157. Pilonidal disease (pilonidal c

19、yst): 藏毛性疾病158. Plague: 瘟疫159. Pneumonia: 肺炎160. Polio (poliomyelitis; infantile paralysis): 小儿麻痹161. Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD): 创伤后心理压力紧张综合症；创伤后压力症162. Premature ejaculation: 早泄163. Problem gambling (ludomania): 问题赌博164. Prostate cancer: 前列腺癌165. Psittacosis: 鹦鹉热166. Pulmonary embolism:

20、肺栓塞167. Psoriasis: 牛皮癬168. Psychosis: 思觉失调169. Pubic lice (crab lice; “crabs”): 阴虱170. Q fever: Q型流感171. Repetitive strain injury (RSI): 重复使力伤害；重复性劳损172. Rabies: 狂犬病173. Rheumatic fever: 风湿热174. Rickets: 佝偻病175. Sickle-cell disease (sickle-cell anemia): 镰刀型红血球疾病176. Silicosis: 矽肺177. Rheumatism: 风湿病

21、178. Rhinitis: 鼻炎179. Rubella (German measles): 德国麻疹180. Salmonella: 沙门氏菌181. Scabies: 疥疮182. Scarlet fever: 猩红热183. Schizoaffective disorder: 分裂情感性障碍184. Schizoid personality disorder (SPD): 类精神分裂型人格违常185. Schizophrenia: 精神分裂症186. Scurvy: 坏血病187. Sepsis (septicemia): 败血症188. Severe Acute Respirator

22、y Syndrome (SARS): 严重急性呼吸系统综合症；萨斯病；非典189. Skin cancer (skin neoplasm): 皮肤癌190. Sleep disorder: 睡眠障碍191. Sleepwalking (somnambulism): 梦游症192. Slipped disc: 腰椎间盘突出193. Smallpox: 天花病毒194. Somatization disorder (Briquets disorder): 躯体化失调195. Spina bifida: 脊柱裂196. Stomach flu (gastroenteritis): 肠胃炎197. T

23、ay-Sachs disease: 家族性黑蒙性白痴198. Tennis elbow: 网球肘199. Toxic shock syndrome: 中毒性休克综合征200. Stroke: 中风【130个形容个性的词汇】乐观 optimistic悲观 pessimistic内向 introverted外向 extroverted自信 self-confident豁达 1. optimistic 2. open-minded风趣 witty忠诚 loyal谨慎 cautious耿直 honest and just机智 1. quick-witted 2. resourceful务实 pragm

24、atic博学 learned感性 emotional理性 rational优雅 graceful; elegant随和 laidback; easy-going含蓄 reserved慷慨 generous果断 decisive利索 quick on ones feet; nimble; sprightly of old people忍耐 tolerant; patient寡言 quiet; taciturn formal冲动 impulsive; impetuous formal踏实 down-to-earth豪爽 direct and straight-forward; forthright

25、 formal勤奋 hardworking; diligent formal开放 open-minded; liberal; progressive好客 hospitable细心 1. attentive 2. meticulous孝顺 filial formal; loyal or obedient to ones parents稳重 stable柔弱 1. weak 2. delicate冷淡 cold and indifferent; aloof冷漠 cold; detached; apathetic; indifferent自嘲 self-deprecating自卑 have an i

26、nferiority complex; self-abasing formal狭隘 narrow-minded虚伪 1. hypocritical 2. fake愚笨 1. foolish 2. clumsy无知 ignorant迷信 superstitious保守 conservative随便 1. casual 2. promiscious现实 realistic孤僻 antisocial懒惰 lazy封闭 closed off; unreceptive formal单纯 pure; innocent幼稚 childish; naive呆板 1. stiff; inflexible 2.

27、dull吝啬 stingy; mean; miserly formal抠门 stingy; cheap淡定 calm and collected大胆 bold; daring; fearless胆小 cowardly活泼 cheerful; chipper; vivacious formal坦率 frank neutral; blunt negative正直 upright准时 punctual体贴 considerate; thoughtful明智 wise英明 wise古怪 eccentric凶 aggressive; hostile;笨拙 clumsy变态 perverted轻浮 fri

28、volous; flippant愚蠢 foolish健忘 forgetful贪婪 greedy馋 1. gluttonous 2. greedy刻薄 mean天真 nave淫荡 dirty; lewd formal; licentious formal下流 vulgar formal好色 dirty; lecherous formal缺德 wicked; mean卑鄙 despicable; base formal土 unsophisticated怕羞 shy; timid; bashful formal腼腆 shy; timid; bashful formal合群 sociable懂事 1.

29、 sensible 2. obedient; well-behaved贱 nasty; bitchy多变 fickle鲁莽 reckless; hot-headed挑剔 picky; fussy顽固 stubborn; obstinate formal肤浅 superficial; shallow自恋 narcissistic formal臭美 vain任性 headstrong; willful粗鲁 rude; abrupt健壮 strong; healthy; athletic幽默 funny; hilarious; humorous搞笑 funny; hilarious宅 nerdy; s/he is a homebody节俭 frugal; thrifty神经质 neurotic