1、统一加读iz。busbuses; foxfoxes; matchmatches; flashflashes ;class-classes, box-boxes, watch-watches, dish-dishes; brush-brushes.三、以y结尾(1)以辅音字母+y结尾的名词,将y改变为i,再加-es。加读z。candycandies; ladyladies; storystories;party-parties; family-families; story-stories; city-cities;strawberry-strawberries;country-countrie
2、s, study-studies, fairyfairies; daisydaisies.(2)以“元音字母(a,e,i,o,u)+y”结尾,直接加-s,读z.如:boy-boys; toytoys; ray-rays; day-days;key-keys.四、以“f或fe”结尾,变f或fe为v, 再加-es,如:knife-knives,读音变化:尾音f改读vzknifeknives; lifelives; leafleaves;half-halves ; wolf-wolves;loaf-loaves, wife-wives; thief-thieves; staffstaves; sca
3、rfscarves。 注意:也有例外,加-s,读s:roof-roofs屋顶; proof-proofs;证明、证据 belief-beliefs; chief-chiefs; safe-safes; gulf-gulfs. 两者皆可的有:如handkerchief: handkerchiefs / handkerchieves。五、以-o结尾的名词:1、以-o结尾的名词,加-s构成复数,读z;photophotos相片 radioradios收音机 zoozoos动物园 ;pianopianos钢琴; bamboo-bamboos竹子. 2、特例:以-o结尾的名词,加-es,读音变化:加读z
4、hero-heroes英雄, Negro-Negroes黑人, potato-potatoes土豆, tomato-tomatoes西红柿; mosquito-mosquites蚊子。3、两者皆可volcano-volcanoes/ volcanos 火山;zero-zeros/zeroes斑马, mango-mangoe/ mangoes芒果。六、以-th结尾的名词加-s:truth-truths, mouth-mouths, month-months, path-paths,不规则名词复数:一、部分单词的复数形式不变。保持原音。fish-fish; sheep-sheep; cattle-
5、cattle; deer-deer; salmon-salmon ;cannon -cannon; trout-trout 鳟鱼;Chinese;Germans ;Swiss ;Japanese。二、少数单词,其复数形式没有任何规律。没有规律。man-men; woman-women; child-children; person-people; foot-feet; tooth-teeth; goose-geese, mouse-mice.三、另外还有一些名词,其复数形式有时可表示特别含义, waters(水域); fishes(各种)鱼;times(时代);drinks(饮料); look
6、s(外表),papers(文件报纸),brains(头脑智力), sands(沙滩),goods(货物), customs(海关), forces(军队), spirits(情绪), manners(礼貌), greens(青菜), ruins(废墟)四、另一些名词则以复数词出现的机会较多 bellows风箱; clothes; police; shorts短裤;scissors剪刀; shears大剪刀 ;trousers长裤; wages工资;spectacles,glasses,眼镜。若表达具体数目,要借助数量词 pair(对,双); suit(套); a pair of glasses
7、; two pairs of trousers 五、合成名词1、将主体名词变为复数:daughter-in-law daughters-in-law 媳妇; father-in-law fathers-in-law岳父 maid-servant maid-servants story-teller story-tellers, boy friend boy friends。无主体名词时将最后一部分变为复数:grown-ups, housewives, stopwatches.将两部分变为复数women singers, men servants。六、不同国籍人的单复数 国籍 总称(谓语用复数)
8、 单数 复数 中国人 the Chinese a Chinese two Chinese 瑞士人 the Swiss a Swiss two Swiss 日本人 the Japanese a Japanese two Japanese 澳大利亚人 the Australians an Australian two Australians 俄国人 the Russians a Russian two Russians 意大利人 the Italians an Italian two Italians 美国人 the Americans an American two Americans 印度人
9、the Indians an Indian two Indians 加拿大人 the Canadians a Canadian two Canadians 德国人 the Germans a Germans two Germans 英国人 the English an Englishman two Englishmen 法国人 the French a Frenchman two Frenchmen 瑞典人 the Swedish a Swede two Swedes希腊人 the Greek a Greek two Greeks 7、除人民币元、角、分外,美元、英镑、法郎等都有复数形式。a
10、dollar, two dollars; a meter, two meters8、另外(1)集体名词,以单数形式出现,但实为复数。例如:people police cattle 等本身就是复数,不能说 a people,a police,a cattle,但可以说a person,a policeman,a head of cattle, the English,the British,the French,the Chinese,the Japanese等名词,表示国民总称时,作复数用,如The Chinese are industries and brave. 中国人民是勤劳勇敢的。(2) 以s结尾,仍为单数的名词,如:a. maths,politics,physics等学科名词,一般是不可数名词,为单数。b. news 为不可数名词。c. the United States,the United Nations 应视为单数。The United Nations was organized in 1945. 联合国是1945年组建起来的。
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