标准航海用语.docx

1、标准航海用语INTRODUCTIONThese SMCP have been compiled:- to assist in the greater safety of navigation and of the conduct of ship,- to standardize the language used in communication for navigation at sea, in port-approaches, in waterways, harbours and on board vessels.标准航海通信用语用于：- 提高航海和船舶操纵的安全性；- 使海上航行、进出港

2、操纵、水道航行、港内作业及船上业务的通信语言标准化。These phrases are not intended to supplant or contradict the International Regulations for Preventing Collisions at Sea, 1972 or special local rules or recommendations made by IMO concerning ships routeing. Neither are they intended to supersede the International Code of Si

3、gnals nor to supplant normal radiotelephone practice as set out in the ITU Regulations.这些语句不用作代替1972年国际海上避碰规则、特殊规则以及国际海事组织对于船舶日常作业作出的建议，也不打算与这些规则相矛盾；这些语句不用作取代国际信号规则，也不用作代替国际电信联盟规定的正常无线电话通信规则。These SMCP meet the requirements of the STCW Convention, 1978, as revised, and of the SOLAS Convention, 1974,

4、 as revised, regarding verbal communications; moreover, the phrases cover the communication relevant safety aspects laid down in these Conventions. Knowledge, understanding and the competence to use the SMCP are required by the STCW Convention, 1978, as revised, for officers in charge of a navigatio

5、nal watch on vessels of 500 gross tonnage or more. Use of the communication phrases should be made as often as possible in preference to other wording of similar meaning, and they should be part of instruction in maritime education and training.标准航海通信用语符合经修正的1978年海员培训、发证和值班标准国际公约、经修正的1974年国际海上人命安全公约

6、有关口语通信的要求；而且，这些用语也包括了上述两个公约中有关安全事宜的通信。经修正的1974年国际海上人命安全公约对于500总吨及以上船舶的值班驾驶员使用标准航海通信用语的知识水平、理解能力和应用能力作出了要求。在通信中，标准航海通信用语的使用应优先于其它具有类似意义的措辞，而且这应成为航海教育与培训内容的一部分。In this way they are intended to become an acceptable safety language, using the English language, for the verbal interchange of intelligence

7、between individuals of all maritime nations on the many and varied occasions when precise meanings and translations are in doubt, increasingly evident under modern conditions at sea. For that purpose the SMCP build on basic knowledge of the English language, and they have been drafted in a simplifie

8、d version of maritime English intentionally reducing grammatical, lexical and idiomatic varieties to a tolerable minimum and standardized structures for the sake of the function of the SMCP, i.e. diminishing misunderstanding in safety related verbal communications.在现代航海生产中，标准航海通信用语旨在当表达和翻译有异义时逐渐成为航运

9、国家所有人员之间口语通信中可接受的有关安全的英语语言。为此，标准航海通信用语基于英语的基本知识，其起草中，将语法、词汇和惯用法缩减到了可接受的最低水平，形成了标准结构，也就是说，在有关安全的口语通信中减少了有歧义的部分。The accompanying CD / Cassette could be helpful to familiarize with the correct pronunciation of the phrases.附加的光盘和磁盘有助于熟悉这些用语的发音。The typographical conventions used throughout most of this c

10、ommunication phrases are as follows:这些用语中使用的常用编排符号如下：( ) brackets括号indicate that the part of the message enclosed within the brackets may be added where it is relevant, or they enclose a brief explanation of the preceding phrase;括号中的内容是可添加的内容，或是前述内容的简单解释； / oblique stroke后斜线indicates that the items

11、on either side of the stroke are alternatives; and,斜线表示其左右的内容可供选择；. dots三点线indicate that the relevant information is to be filled in where the dots occur and.省略符表示在其出现处应添加有关内容。(italic letters斜体) indicate the kind of information requested.斜体表示所需的信息种类。PART I GENERAL总论1 Procedure程序When it is necessary

12、to indicate that the SMCP are to be used, the following message may be sent:应使用标准航海通信用语时应用下述句子说明：Please use Standard Marine Communication PhrasesI will use Standard Marine Communication Phrases2. Spelling拼读When in external communication spelling is necessary, only the following spelling table should

13、 be used:在与船外进行拼读通信时，应按下表的规定进行拼读：LetterCodeLetterCodeFigureCode wordAAlfaNNovember0NadazeroBBravoOOscar1UnaoneCCharliePPapa2BissotwoDDeltaQQuebec3TerrathreeEEchoRRomeo4KartefourFFoxtrotSSierra5PantafiveGGolfTTango6SoxisixHHotelUUniform7SettesevenIIndiaVVictor8OktoeightJJulietWWhisky9NovenineKKiloXX-

14、rayFullstopStopLLimaYYankeeDecimalDecimalMMikeZZulupoint3. Message Markers语段标识In shore-to-ship and ship-to-shore communication or radio communication in general, the following eight Message Markers may be used ( also see Application of Message Markers given in section 6 Vessel Traffic Service (VTS)

15、Standard Phrases of PART III):在“船岸”和“岸船”通信中及一般的无线电通信中，可使用下述8个语段标识。（另见第三部分 第6节 船舶交通管理（VTS）中“语段标识的应用”）(i) Instruction 指示(ii) Advice 建议(iii) Warning 警告(iv) Information 信息(v) Question 问题(vi) Answer 回答(vii) Request 请求(viii) Intention 意图4. Responses回应4.1 When the answer to a question is in the affirmative

16、, say: Yes, . - followed by the appropriate phrase in full.若作肯定回答，请用“Yes”，后接全句。4.2 When the answer to a question is in the negative, say: No, . - followed by the appropriate phrase in full.若作否定回答，请用“No”，后接全句。4.3 When the information requested is not immediately available, say:Stand by - followed by

17、the time interval within which the information will be available.若对方要求的信息不能立即得到，请用“Stand by”，后停取得信息所需的时间。4.4 When the information requested cannot be obtained, say:No information.若对方要求的信息无法得到，请用“No information”。4.5 When an INSTRUCTION (e.g. by a VTS-Station, Naval vessel or other fully authorized pe

18、rsonnel ) or an ADVICE is given, respond if in the affirmative:I will / can . - followed by the instruction or advice in full; and,if in the negative, respond:I will not / cannot . - followed by the instruction or advice in full.对于一项指示（如由交管站、海军船舶或其他经受权人员给出）或建议，若作肯定回答，请用“I will / can .”，后接指示或建议的全句；若作

19、否定回答，请用“I will not / cannot .”，后接指示或建议的全句。Example: ADVICE. Do not overtake vessel ahead of you.Respond: I will not overtake vessel ahead of me.The responses to orders of special importance, however, are given in wording in the phrases concerned.对于具有特殊重要意义的命令的回应，在有关句中说明。5. Distress, urgency and safet

20、y signals遇险，紧急和安全信号5.1 MAYDAY is to be used to announce a distress message 用作标明遇险电话通信；5.2 PAN PAN is to be used to announce an urgency message 用作标明紧急电话通信；5.3 SCURIT is to be used to announce a safety message 用作标明安全电话通信。6. Standard organizational phrases标准语句6.1 How do you read? 6.1.1 I read you .bad

21、/ one with signal strength one (i.e. barely perceptible)poor / two with signal strength two (i.e. weak)fair / three with signal strength three (i.e. fairly good)good / four with signal strength four (i.e. good)excellent / five with signal strength five (i.e. very good)6.2 When it is advisable to rem

22、ain on a VHF channel / frequency say: 若建议在VHF某一频道或频率上守听，说：Stand by on VHF channel . / frequency . 6.2.1 When it is accepted to remain on the VHF channel / frequency indicated, say: 若同意在某一指定的VHF频道或频率上守听，说：Standing by on VHF channel . / frequency . 6.3 When it is advisable to change to another VHF cha

23、nnel / frequency, say: 若建议改用VHF的另一频道或频率，说：Advise (you) change to VHF channel . / frequency .,Advise(you) try VHF channel . / frequency. 6.3.1 When the changing of a VHF channel / frequency is accepted, say: 若同意改用VHF的另一频道或频率，说：Changing to VHF channel . / frequency . .7. Corrections修正When a mistake is

24、 made in a message, say:Mistake . - followed by the word:Correction . plus the corrected part of the message.若通信语句发生错误，说：Mistake .，后接Correction . ，再加改正的语句部分。Example: My present speed 14 knots - mistake. Correction, my present speed 12, one-two, knots.8. Readiness备妥I am / I am not ready to receive yo

25、ur message.9. Repetition重复9.1 If any part of the message are considered sufficiently important to need safeguarding, say: Repeat . - followed by the corresponding part of the message.若语句的某部分特别重要而需要重复，说：Repeat . ，后接相应语句部分。Example: My draft 12.6 repeat one-two decimal 6 metres.Do not overtake - repeat

26、 - do not overtake.9.2 When a message is not properly heard, say:Say again (please).若某语句未听清楚，说：Say again (please).10. Numbers数字Numbers are to be spoken in separate digits:数字应分读：One-five-zero for 150Two decimal five for 2.5Note: Attention! When rudder angles e.g. in wheel orders are given, say:注意，舵令并

27、不分读：Fifteen for 15 or Twenty for 20 etc.11. Positions位置11.1 When latitude and longitude are used, these shall be expressed in degrees and minutes (and decimals of a minute if necessary), north or south of the Equator and east or west of Greenwich.使用经纬度时，应用度和分（若必要用分的10分位），后接南、北或东、西。Example: WARNING.

28、Dangerous wreck in position 15 degrees 34 minutes north 61 degrees 29 minutes west.11.2 When the position is related to a mark, the mark shall be a well-defined charted object. The bearing shall be in the 360 degrees notation from true north and shall be that of the position FROM the mark.若位置参照物标给出，

29、则该物标必须在海图上有明确标志。方位应自真北起算以360度给出，自物标量起。Example: Your position bearing 137 degrees from Barr Head lighthousedistance 2.4 nautical miles.12. Bearings方位The bearing of the mark or vessel concerned, is the bearing in the 360 degree notation from north (true north unless otherwise stated), except in the ca

30、se of relative bearings. Bearings may be either FROM the mark or FROM the vessel.物标或船舶的方位，应自真北（另有说明除外）起算以360度给出，但相对方位除外。方位可自物标亦可自船舶量起。Examples: Pilot boat bearing 215 degrees from you.Note: Vessels reporting their position should always quote their bearing FROM the mark, as described in paragraph 11

31、.2 of this chapter.注意：船舶报告自己的船位时，方位应自物标量起，如本章11.2所述。12.1 Relative bearings 相对方位Relative bearings can be expressed in degrees relative to the vessels head or bow. More frequently this is in relation to the port or starboard bow.相对方位可用相对于船首的角度数表示，常用首或右首表示。Example: Buoy 030 degrees on your port bow.(Relat