主谓一致详解.docx

1、主谓一致详解主谓一致majority作主语时的主谓一致问题1. the majority表示“大多数”时，为集合名词；单独用作主语时，如果强调整体，谓语动词用单数形式；如果强调个体，谓语动词用复数形式。如：The majority agree agrees with me. 大多数人同意我的意见。The majority was were in favour of the proposal. 多数人赞成这个建议。 但是若单独用的 the majority后跟有复数表语，则谓语通常要用复数。如：The majority are young people. 大多数是年轻人。2. “the majo

2、rity of+复数名词”用作主语时，谓语动词通常用复数，但偶尔也可用单数。如：The majority of his books are kept upstairs. 他的大部分书藏在楼上。The majority of people realize the importance of limiting population growth. 大多数人意识到了限制人口的重要性。The majority of students were was indifferent to the political meeting. 大多数学生对政治集会漠不关心。3. “the majority of+集合名

3、词”用作主语时，谓语动词可用单数（视为整体）或复数（考虑其个体）。如：The vast majority of the population lives live in utter misery. 这里的绝大多数人生活在极度贫困之中。4. “the majority of+不可数名词”用作主语时，谓语动词总是用单数。如：The majority of the workhas been finished. 大部分工作已完成。The majority of the damage is easy to repair. 这次的损害大部分容易补救。注：按传统语法，the majority of只用于修饰

4、可数名词复数或具有复数意义的集合名词，但在现代英语中也可用于修饰不可数名词。5. “a majority of+复数名词”用作主语时，谓语动词通常用复数。如：A majority of visitors have arrived. 大多数参观者已经到了。A clear majority of voters were in favour of the motion. 绝大多数选民赞成这一动议。A majority of peopleseem to prefer TV to radio. 大部分人似乎喜欢看电视而不喜欢听收音机。 jewel和jewellery作主语时的主谓一致问题1. jewel

5、有两个意思是，一是表示“宝石”，为可数名词，用作主语时，其后谓语动词的数由jewel的数决定（即jewel为单数，谓语动词用单数；jewel为复数，谓语动词用复数）；二是表示“（镶有宝石的）首饰”，此时通常用复数形式，此时若用作主语，谓语动词通常用复数。如：A jewel has fell off her ring. 他的戒指掉了一颗宝石。The jewels were her personal property. 这些首饰是她的私人财产。2. jewellery（也可写成jewlry）用于表示“珠宝”“首饰”的总称，为不可数名词，只表示单数意义；若用作主语，谓语动词通常用单数。如：All h

6、er jewellery was in pawn. 她所有的珠宝首饰都典当了。Her sparkling jewellery serves as the perfect foil for her fine complexion. 她戴着闪闪生辉的首饰，更显得容貌姣好。generation作主语时的主谓一致问题generation的意思是“一代（人）”，为集合名词；用作主语时，如果强调整体，谓语动词用单数形式；如果强调个体，谓语动词用复数形式。如：Each generation has its own standards of judgement. 每一代都有它自己的判断标准。My genera

7、tion behaves differently from my fathers and grandfathers. 我这一代人和我父辈及祖辈表现不同。The older generation have a different set of values. 老一辈人有一套不同的价值观。在许多情况下，谓语用单数或复数均可以。如：The younger generation smoke smokes less than their parents did. 年轻一代比他们的父辈抽烟抽得少。crew作主语时的主谓一致问题crew表示飞机或轮船的全体工作人员时，是集合名词。用作主语时，若视为整体，谓语

8、用单数；若考虑其个体，谓语用复数。如：The crew is large. 工作人员众多。The crew of the plane are ten in all. 这架飞机的机组人员一共10人。The crew are paid to do all the work on the ship. 船员被雇佣在船上工作。若crew受到some of, most of, many of等的修饰，谓语要用复数。如：The ship was wrecked, and most of the crew were drowned. 那艘船意外遇难，大部分船员都淹死了。另外，crew本身通常不用复数，除非是表

9、示不同船或不同飞机的全体工作人员，此时若用作主语，谓语要用复数。couple作主语时的主谓一致问题couple表示“夫妇”“夫妻”且用作主语时，谓语动词可用单数（视为整体，尤其是当有each, every, only one等修饰时）或复数（考虑其个体）。如：The couple were married last week. 这一对夫妇是上星期结的婚。 Each couple was asked to complete a form. 要求每对夫妇填一张表。 有时语境上不明确强调个体还是整体，则用单数或复数均可：The couple is are spending its their hon

10、eymoon. 这对新婚夫妻在度蜜月。 另外，couple还可表示“一些”“几个”，此时表示复数意义，用作主语时，谓语动词要用复数。如：我的几个朋友准备开办一个旅行社。误：A couple of my friends is going to open a travel agency. 正：A couple of my friends are going to open a travel agency. 从句主语时谓语用单数还是复数当从句用作主语时，主句的谓语动词通常用单数。如：That he is still alive is a wonder. 他还活着，真是奇迹。That we shall

11、 be late is certain. 我们要晚了，这是确定无疑的。What she lacks is experience. 她缺的是经验。What he says is not important. 他说的话并不重要。Whatever she did was right. 她做的一切都是对的。When we arrive doesnt matter. 什么时候到没有关系。How it was done was a mystery. 这是怎样做的是一个谜。How this happened is not clear to anyone. 这件事怎样发生的，谁也不清楚。Whether it

12、will do us harm remains to be seen. 是否对我们有害还要看一看。Who he is doesnt concern me. 他是谁与我无关。Whoever breaks this law deserves a fine. 违反本法者应予以罚款。若用作主语的是what引导的从句，且其后为系表结构，此时需注意以下两点：1. 若表语为复数，主句谓语通常用复数。如：What I want are details. 我要的是细节()。What is needed are rational and firm actions. 所需要的是合理的坚决的行动。2. 若what从句

13、中的what表复数意义，则主句谓语动词要用复数。如：His muscles were wasting away, and what were left were flabby. 他的肌肉正在消耗，所剩下的就是松弛的皮肉。we each等作主语谓语用单数还是复数we each等作主语时，谓语动词应用复数，因为当we each作主语时，真正的主语是we，其后的each是修饰we的同位语。如：We each have a map. 我们每人都有一张地图。We each think the same. 我们大家想到一起了。We each know how the other is getting al

14、ong. 我们每人都知道对方的情况。类似地，当they each, the children each, the teachers each等用作主语时，谓语动词也应用复数，而非单数。如：They each have their own share. 他们每人都有一份。They each were fitted with a barred door. 它们每个都装有带门闩的门。The plans each have certain advantages and disadvantages. 这些计划各有其优点和缺点。minority作主语时谓语用单数还是复数minority表示“少数”时，为集

15、合名词；单独用作主语时，如果强调整体，谓语动词用单数形式；如果强调个体，谓语动词用复数形式（具体用法与majority大致同相）。如：The minority is subordinate to the majority. 少数服从多数。Only a minority of people support these new laws. 只有少数人支持这些新法令。The nation wants peace; only a minority want the war to continue. 全国希望和平，只有少数人希望战争继续下去。Only a minority of British hous

16、eholds do does not have a car. 英国只有少数家庭没有汽车。management作主语时谓语用单数还是复数1. 若表示“管理层”“管理人员”，为集合名词；用作主语时，谓语动词可用单数（视为整体）或复数（考虑其个体）。如：The management is having talks with the workers. 管理人员正在和工人谈判。 The management want all the employees to be punctual. 管理阶层要求所有职员准时。The management was were in favor of the plan. 经

17、理部赞成这个计划。2. 若表示“管理”，为不可数名词，用作主语时，谓语动词用单数。如：Poor management sank the project. 管理不善导致这个项目失败。School management is often too detached from the classroom. 学校管理往往太脱离课堂。集合名词作主语的主谓一致问题一、必须用复数的情形police(警察)，people(人)，cattle(牛，牲口), clothes(衣服)等集合名词作主语时，谓语总是用复数。如：My clothes were soaked. 我的衣服都湿透了。The police are

18、looking into the complaint. 警察在了解这项投诉。Too few people are interested in such music nowadays. 如今对这种音乐有兴趣的人太少了。二、必须用单数的情形clothing(衣服)，poetry(诗歌)，baggage / luggage(行李)， furniture(家具)，scenery(景色)，jewellery(珠宝)，equipment(设备)等不可数的集合名词用作主语时，其谓语用单数形式。如：Furniture is chiefly made of wood. 家具主要是由木材制造。Poetry was

19、 blooming in China in the Tang dynasty. 中国的诗歌在唐代十分盛行。3. 可用单数或复数的情形family(家庭)，team(队员)，class(班上的全体学生)，crowd(人群)，government(政府)，crew(乘务员)，committee(委员会)，audience(听众)，public(公众)等集合名词用作主语时，其谓语既可用单数，也可用复数：当它们被视为整体时，谓语用单数；当它们强调个体时，谓语用复数。如： My family is very large. 我家人很多。(视为整体)His family are waiting for hi

20、m. 他家里人在等他。(强调个体成员)注：有时没有特定的上下文，用单数或复数谓语区别不大。如：The public are is requested not to leave litter in the park.要求公众在公园不要乱扔东西。the rest (of)等作主语，谓语的数取决于什么请看下面两道题：a. The rest of the boys _ watching TV. b. The rest of the money _ stolen. A. were，were B. was，were C. were，was D. was，was 此题应选 C。all，most，some，h

21、alf，percent，the rest等词语后接介词of再接名词用作主语时，若该名词为可数名词的复数形式，则其谓语要用复数形式; 若该名词为不可数名词或可数名词的单数形式，则其谓语要用单数形式：1. a. Most of the apples are bad. 这些苹果当中大部分是坏的。b. Most of the apple is bad. 这个苹果坏了一大部分。c. Most of the time was spent on it. 这上面花了大部分时间。2. a. Half of the buildings were destroyed in the fire. 有一半的楼房在大火中被

22、毁。b. Half of the building was destroyed in the fire. 这座大楼在大火中有一半被毁。c. Half of the money was spent on food. 有一半的钱用来买食物。3. a. 30 percent of the workers here are women. 这里的工人有30%是女性。b. 30 percent of the work has been done. 有 30% 的工作已完成。c. 30 percent of the wall has been painted. 墙壁有30%已被刷漆。谓语应该跟主语一致还是跟

23、表语一致题：We Chinese _ a hard-working people. A. is B. are C. is being D. are being此题应选B。这里考生要注意的是：我们通常说的是主谓一致(即谓语与主语保持一致)，而不是表谓一致(即不是谓语与表语一致)，本题意为：我们中国人是一个勤劳的民族。注意以下类似例子()：These two dictionaries are a present for my best friend Jim. 这两本词典是我送给我最好朋友吉姆的礼物。The planets were the object of his study. 这些行星是他研究

24、的目标。The most important thing I need is books. 我需要的最重要的东西是书。The countrys leading export is watches. 这个国家的主输出品是手表。The best part of the meal is the coffee and cookies. 这餐饭最好的部分是咖啡和饼干。但是有些主语由于本身具有单数和复数两种可能，它的谓语到底用单数还是复数，要看具体的语境(多数情况是看其后面词语的单复数)：1. a. Who is your brother? 谁是你的兄弟?b. Who are your brothers?

25、 哪些是你的兄弟?2. a. What he said is quite correct. 他所说的完全 正确。b. What he left me are only a few old books. 他 给我留下的只是几本旧书。is a 还是 are a谓语应该跟主语一致还是跟表语一致，请看下面一题：We Chinese _ a hard-working people. A. is B. are C. is being D. are being此题应选B。这里考生要注意的是：我们通常说的是主谓一致(即谓语与主语保持一致)，而不是表谓一致(即不是谓语与表语一致)，本题意为：我们中国人是一个勤劳

26、的民族。注意以下类似例子：These two dictionaries are a present for my best friend Jim. 这两本词典是我送给我最好朋友吉姆的礼物。The planets were the object of his study. 这些行星是他研究的目标。The most important thing I need is books. 我需要的最重要的东西是书。The countrys leading export is watches. 这个国家的主输出品是手表。The best part of the meal is the coffee and

27、cookies. 这餐饭最好的部分是咖啡和饼干。但是有些主语由于本身具有单数和复数两种可能，它的谓语到底用单数还是复数，要看具体的语境(多数情况是看其后面词语的单复数)：1. a. Who is your brother? 谁是你的兄弟?b. Who are your brothers? 哪些是你的兄弟?2. a. What he said is quite correct. 他所说的完全正确。b. What he left me are only a few old books. 他 给我留下的只是几本旧书。means作主语时谓语动词用单数还是复数means 表单数意义还是复数意义? 用作主

28、语时，谓语动词用单数还是复数？如：All possible means _ been tired. Every possible means _ been tired. A. have，have B. has，has C. have，has D. has，have 此题应选C。名词means(方法)的单复数同形，用作主语时，其谓语的单复数要视具体含义而定：1. 如果means与all，such，these，those等词连用，则其含义应该是复数：These means are very good. 这些方法很好。Such means sound interesting，but in fact

29、theyreimpossible. 那样的方法听起来有趣，但实际上是不可能的。2. 如果means与a，such a，this，that，every等词连用，则其含义应该是单数：Such a means is really unpleasant. 这样的方法确实是令人不愉快。There is an effective means of doing it. 做此事有一种很有效的方法。3. 有时从句意和上下文无法确定means 到底是单数还是复数，则其谓语用单数或复数均可以：做这事还有其他的什么办法吗?正：Are there any other means of doing it?正：Is the

30、re any other means of doing it?没有好的方法。正：There is no good means. 正：There are no good means. more than one作主语谓语动词用单数还是复数请看两个句子：More than one boy _ read the story. More boys than one _ read the story. A. have，have B. has，has C. have，has D. has，have 此题应选D。该题很容易误选A，认为既然more than one意为“不只一个”(多个)，那么其谓语就应该用

31、复数。 其实more than one 用作主语时，谓语通常要用单数(要从形式一致来考虑)。more than one用作主语时，要注意以下两个结构：“more than one+单数名词”用作主语，其谓语通常用单数(即从形式考虑)“more+复数名词+than one”用作主语，其谓语通常要用复数也就是说，以上结构中名词的数决定其后动词的数。不只一个学生受到惩罚。正：More than one student was punished. 正：More students than one were punished. 类似以上用法的还有：many a+单数名词(意为：许多)，用作主语，谓语用单数(即从形式一致考虑)many+复数名词(意为：许多)，用作主语，谓语要用复数也就是说，以上结构中名词的数决定其后动词的数。很多小孩在那儿玩。正：Many a child was playing there. 正：Many children w