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1、宾语补语表语定语状语可动名词不可分词三、非谓语动词的复合结构及否定式1. 非谓语动词的复合结构（1）动名词的复合结构就是在动名词前加上它的逻辑主语。其形式为：名词所有格/形容词性物主代词+动名词。当动名词的复合结构作宾语时，还可用名词的普通格式或代词的宾格做逻辑主语。如：His not coming to my birthday party made me a little anxious.I remember Janes / Jane going there.Do you mind my/me opening the window.（2）不定式的复合结构为：for sb./sth. + 不定

2、式，如： It is a must for us to have a good command of the English language.2. 非谓语动词的否定式非谓语动词的否定式是在非谓语动词前加not。 I warned him not to come late again. _ which university to attend, the girl asked her teacher for advice.A. Not knowing B. Knowing C. Not known D. Known not Tony was very unhappy for _ to the p

3、arty.A. having not been invited B. not having invitedC. having not invited D. not having been invited考点二: 非谓语动词作状语一、不定式、分词作状语的基本原则不定式、分词作状语时，不定式、分词的逻辑主语必须与句子的主语保持一致，即不定式、分词作状语必须和句子主语含有逻辑上的主动或被动关系，否则一般不能使用不定式、分词作状语。二、不定式作状语1. 不定式作目的状语 不定式作目的状语的情况较多，如果强调目的性时，不定式前还可以加in order 或 so as, 构成“in order to do

4、” 或 “so as to do” 结构。“in order to do” 结构作目的状语时，可以放在句首也可以放在句中。“so as to do” 结构只能放在句中。“in order to do” “so as to do”结构置于句中时，不能用逗号隔开。Her mother plan to fly to Beijing at least four times a year （so as/in order） to visit her.Bob took down my telephone number so as/in order not to forget it.2. 不定式作结果状语不定

5、式作结果状语常用在下列句式中：soas to; suchas to; enough to; only to （常表示意外结果或事与愿违的结果）；tooto等。Im not so stupid as to write it down.Jane hurried back only to find that her mother had left.I m too tired to stay up longer.注意：在下列结构中，tooto并非是“太而不能”之意。与tooto搭配的形容词常见的有：pleased, ready, willing, glad, happy等。Im only too gl

6、ad to have passed the exam.3. 不定式作原因状语形容词或过去分词作表语时，后面可接不定式作原因状语，用以说明产生这种情绪的原因或所表示的情况等。用于这类结构中的形容词或过去分词常见的有：happy, lucky, glad, sorry, anxious, proud, disappointed, angry, surprised, ready, delighted, clever, foolish, pleased等。You will never know how happy I was to see her yesterday.George returned a

7、fter the war, only _ that his wife had left him. A. to be told B. telling C. being told D. told_ warm at night, I would fill the woodstove, then set my alarm clock for midnight so I could refill it. A. Staying B. Stayed C. To stay D. Stay三、分词作状语1. 分词作状语时其形式的选择形式意义v.-ing （donging）与句中主语为逻辑上的主动关系，与句中谓语

8、动词动作同时发生having+v.-ed （having done）与句中主语为逻辑上的主动关系，先于谓语动词动作发生v.-ed （done）与句中主语为逻辑上的被动关系，表完成，没有一定的时间性being+v.-ed （being done）与句中主语为逻辑上的被动关系，且与谓语动词动作同时发生having been + v.-ed （having been done）与句中主语为逻辑上的被动关系，且先于谓语动词动作发生2. 分词作状语的句法功能分词或分词短语作状语时，可以表时间、原因、结果、条件、让步、行为方式、伴随状况等（就是不表目的）。为了强调，还可以与while, when, onc

9、e, if, unless 等连词连用。When offered help, one often says “Thank you.” or “Its kind of you.”（时间）Separated from other countries for millions of years, Australia has many animals and plants not found in any other country in the world.（原因） Generally speaking, if taken according to the directions, the drug

10、has no side effect.（条件） He glanced at her, noting that though she was tiny, she seemed very well.（结果） Having been told many times, he still repeated the same mistake.（让步） The teacher came into the lab, followed by some students.（伴随）_ into English, the sentence was found to have an entirely different

11、 word order. A. Translating B. Translated C. To translate D. Having translated._ at my classmates faces, I read the same excitement in their eyes. A. Looking B. Look C. To look D. Looked3. 独立成分作状语 有些分词或不定式短语作状语，其形式的选择不受上下文的影响（即不必遵循非谓语做状语的一般原则，非谓语的逻辑主语不必与句子主语相一致，更不必考虑与句子主语的主被动关系），称作独立成分。常见的有：generall

12、y speaking 一般来说; frankly speaking 坦白地说; judging from/by根据。来判断; considering/taking into consideration 考虑到。; to tell you the truth 说实话; given 考虑到，鉴于; compared to/with 与。相比。 Judging from his accent, he is from Hong Kong. Considering your health, youd better have a rest. To tell you the truth, I am a li

13、ttle tired.Michaels new house is like a huge palace, _ with his old one. A. comparing B. compares C. to compare D. compared_, the pay isnt attractive enough, though the job itself is quite interesting. A. Generally speaking B. On the contrary C. In particular D. To be honest4. 独立主格结构 非谓语动词作状语时，原则上讲，

14、它的逻辑主语应和句子主语保持一致。但有时非谓语动词带有自己的逻辑主语，在句中作状语，我们称之为独立主格结构（Absolute Construction）。 独立主格结构的特点是： 独立主格结构的逻辑主语与句子的主语不同，它独立存在。 独立主格结构中作逻辑主语的名词或代词与后面的分词、形容词、副词、不定式、介词短语等是逻辑上的主动或被动关系。 独立主格结构一般有逗号与句子分开。 独立主格结构的构成是： 名词/代词+现在分词/过去分词 名词/代词+形容词 名词/代词+副词 名词/代词+不定式 名词/代词+介词短语 with/without+名词/代词+宾语补足语The test finished

15、（=When the test was finished）, we began our holiday.The president assassinated （Because the president was assassinated）, the whole country was in deep sorrow.Weather permitting （if weather permits）, we are going to visit you tomorrow.He came out of the library, with a large book under his arm.The pa

16、rty will be held in the garden, weather _. A. permitting B. to permit C. permitted D. permitThe children went home form the grammar school, their lessons _ for the day. A. finishing B. finished C. had finished D. went finished 考点三: 非谓语动词作定语一、不定式作定语1. 作定语的不定式如果是不及物动词，或者不定式所修饰的名词或代词是不定式动作的地点、工具等，不定式后面

17、需要有相应的介词。The Browns have a comfortable house to live in.但是，不定式所修饰的名词如果是time, place 或 way 时，不定式后面的介词习惯上省去。He had no money and no place to live （in）.2. 不定式作定语的几种情况：不定式表将来。The car to be bought is for his sister.用来修饰被序数词、最高级或no, all, any 等限定的中心词，且与中心词为逻辑上的主动关系。He is the best man to do the job. She was t

18、he first woman to win the gold medal in Olympic Games.有些名词的同根词常跟不定式，因而它们也常跟不定式作定语，常见的有：promise, plan, attempt, offer, decision, refusal, failure, ability, chance, warning, anxiety, eagerness, willingness, readiness等。 I dont trust his promise to come for a visit. （比较：He promised to come for a visit.）

19、 He said he had no plans to go there. （比较：He didnt plan to go there.） He made an attempt to stand up. （比较：He attempted to stand up.）The ability _ an idea is as important as the idea itself. A. expressing B. expressed C. to express D. to be expressedThe airport _ next year will help promote tourism i

20、n this area. A. being completed B. to be completed C. completed D. having been completed二、分词作定语1. 作定语的及物动词的分词形式为：现在分词，being + 过去分词和过去分词。当被修饰的名词与非谓语动词为主动关系时，用现在分词；当被修饰的名词与非谓语动词为被动关系且表正在进行时，用being + 过去分词；当被修饰的名词与非谓语动词为被动关系且表完成时，用过去分词。Do you know the little boy sitting on the chair? （主动）The house being

21、 built are for the teachers. （被动，正在进行）“Things lost never come again!” I couldnt help talking to myself. （被动，完成）2. 作定语的不及物动词的分词形式为：现在分词和过去分词。 现在分词可以表示正在进行，也可以表示特征。 过去分词表示已经完成或状态。 boiling water（表正在进行）/boiled water（表完成） a good-looking girl（表特征） falling leaves （表正在进行）/fallen leaves （表完成） developing coun

22、tries （表正在进行）/developed countries（表完成）3. 英语中有些表示感觉的动词, 又叫使役类的情感动词，这类动词有三个特点：都是及物动词；翻译成中文是“令人。的”;其现在分词形式表示“令人感到。的”, 表特征； 过去分词形式表示“感到。的”，表感受。 如： amusing-amused annoying-annoyed astonishing-astonished amazing amazed boring-bored confusing-confused disgusting-disgusted embarrassing-embarrassed exciting-

23、excited exhausting-exhausted frightening-frightened interesting-interested pleasing-pleased tiring-tired worrying-worried suprising-surprised an exciting voice / an excited voice a puzzling expression/ a puzzled expressionThe traffic rule says young children under the age of four and _ less than 40

24、pounds must be in a child safety seat. A. being weighed B. to weigh C. weighed D. weighingRecently a survey _ prices of the same goods in two different supermarkets has caused heated debate among citizens. A. compared B. comparing C. compares D. being compared三、to be done, done 和 being done 作定语的区别 t

25、o be done 表被动、将来；done 表被动、完成；being done 表被动、正在进行 Have you read the novel written by Dickens? （表被动、完成） Listen! The song being sung is very popular with the students. （表被动、正在进行） The questions to be discussed at tomorrows meeting is very important. （表被动、将来）The players _ from the whole country are expec

26、ted to bring us honor in this summer game. A. selecting B. to select C. selected D. having selectedHis first book _ next month is based on a true story. A. published B. to be published C. to publish D. being published考点四: 非谓语动词（仅限不定式和动名词）作宾语一、下列动词只能用不定式作宾语，请牢记口诀： 决心学会想希望，decide/determine, learn, wan

27、t, expect/hope/wish;拒绝设法愿假装。refuse, manage, care, pretend; 主动答应选计划，offer, promise, choose, plan;同意请求帮一帮。agree, ask/beg, help;此外，afford, strive, happen, wait, threaten等也要用不定式作宾语。She pretended not to see me when I passed by.We agreed to meet here but so for she hasnt turned up yet.二、下列动词或词组只能用动名词作宾语，请

28、牢记下列口诀： 考虑建议盼原谅，consider, suggest/advise, look forward to, excuse/pardon;承认推迟没得想。admit, delay/put off, fancy; 避免错过继续练，avoid, miss, keep/keep on, practice;否认完成就欣赏。deny, finish, enjoy/appreciate; 禁止想象才冒险，forbid, imagine, risk;不禁介意准逃亡。cant help, mind, allow/permit, escape 此外，跟动名词作宾语的动词短语有： be used/accu

29、stomed to; lead to; devote to; go back to; stick to; object to; get down to; pay attention to; cant stand; give up; feel like; insist on; thank you for; apologize for;be busy （in）; have difficulty （in）/ trouble; have a good/wonderful/hard time （in）;spend time （in）， 如：He got well-prepared for the job

30、 interview, for he couldnt risk losing the opportunity.You cant imagine what difficulty we had _ home in the snowstorm. A. walked B. walk C. to walk D. walking-They are quiet, arent they? - Yes, they are accustomed _ at meals. A. to talk B. to not talk C.to talking D. to not talkingDavid threatened _ hi