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1、这些故事大致分为三类：自传、回忆录和传记。自传是作者记录自己故事的文章。通常自传会、以作者最早期的回忆开始并以对现在情况的总 结作为结束。自传的作者也许不会完全客观地介绍自己。然而，他们给读者提供了一个途径来了 解自己比较好的行事风格和为何成就这样的自己。就像本杰明富兰克林和海伦凯勒一样，各 种各样的人们已经写了自传。其他的作者就像詹姆斯乔伊斯一样仅仅写了关于自己生活的虚构 小说。这些不是自传，但是它们和自传非常相近。严格意义上来讲，回忆录是既注重作者本身的生活经历，也注重其所处的时代所发生的事件 的自传性的描述。回忆录作者通常把这些事件作为他们生活的背景。他们详细地描述这些事件并 论述这些事

2、件的重要性。虽然近些年，回忆录这个词似乎开始变得可以和自传互换，但是目前回 忆录也许还没有因外界评论而有所改变。传记事实上是记录（作者以外）.其他人的生活。在很多方面，传记也许是这三种非小说类文 学作品中最难写的了。自传作者知悉他们所写的事件因为他们就生活在其中。但是传记作者不得 不尽量从很多不同的渠道来收集信息。然后他们不得不决定包含哪种事实。他们的目标是用比较 全面的图片来介绍一个人物，并不是过于萝极也不是过于批判。一个公正并详尽的传记也许要花 费许多年来研究并进行书写。练习1、This passage is mostly about（the characteristics of auto

3、biographines .）2、Helen keller wrote（an autobiograply）3、Autobiography writers are not always objective because they（wang to present.）4、The writer introduces each category in thepassage by （defining it）5、Diverse means（varied or different）第二篇Outside-the-classroom Learning Makes a Big DifferencePutting

4、a bunch of college students in charge of a $300,000 Dance Marathon, fundraiser surely sounds a bit risky. When you consider the fact that the money is supposed to be given to children in need of medical care, you might call the idea crazy.Most student leaders dont want to spend a large amount of tim

5、e on something they care little about, said 22-year-old University of Florida student Darren Heitner. He was the Dance Marathons operations officer for two years.Yvonne Fangmeyer, director of the student organization office at the University of Wisconsin, conducted a survey in February of students i

6、nvolved in campus organizations. She said the desire for friendship was the most frequently cited reason for joining.At large universities like Fangmeyers, which has more than 40,000 students, the students first of all want to find a way to ,belong in their own comer of campus.Katie Rowley, a Wiscon

7、sin senior, confirms the surveys findings. I wanted to make the campus feel smaller by joining an organization where I could not only get involved on campus but also find a group of friends. All of this talk of friendship, however, does not mean that students arent thinking about their resumes. I th

8、ink that a lot of people do join to fatten up their resume, said Heitner. At the beginning of my college career, I joined a few of these organizations, hoping to get a start in my leadership roles.But without passion student leaders can have a difficult time trying to weather the storms that come. F

9、or example, in April, several student organizations at Wisconsin teamed up for an event designed to educate students about homelessness and poverty. Student leaders had to face the problem of solving disagreements, moving the event because of rainy weather, and dealing with the universitys complicat

10、ed bureaucracy.Outside-of the classroom learning really makes a big difference, Fangmeyer said. 课外学习带来很大不同让一群大学生去负责募集30万美元的马拉松式的跳舞活动，这种募捐听起来肯定有点儿冒险。当你知道这笔募捐款是提供给需要医疗护理的儿童，你可能会觉得这个想法很疯狂。佛罗里达大学一个22岁的学生Darren Heitner说大多学生领导者不想在他们不太关注的事情上花太多时间。他任马拉松式跳舞经营部经理两年了。Yvonne Fangmeyer是威斯康星大学学生组织办公室主任，在二月组织了一次学生

11、参加校园组织的调查。她说增进友谊是大家提到最多的参加校园组织的原因。像Fangmeyer的大学那样规模很大的学校，有4万多学生，学生首先想要找到属于他们的校园一角。威斯康星大四的学生Katie Rowley肯定了调查结果。“我加入校园组织希望让校园感觉上变得小一些，这样不仅可以投入到校园生活中还可以交到很多朋友”。这些关于友谊的看法并不意味着学生不考虑他们的经历。Heitner说：“我认为很多人加入校园组织来丰富经历，刚上大学的时候，我加入了一些校园组织，希望培养自己的领导能力。”但是如果没有热情，学生领导者很难经受风雨考验。例如，在四月份，威斯康星大学几个学生组织展开了一项活动，向学生讲述无

12、家可归和贫困。学生领导必须面对一些问题，比如解决争论，受雨天影响而更改活动日期，同学校复杂的机构打交道。Fangmeyer说：“课外的这种学习确实带来很大不同。练习1、An extracurricular activity（will not take.）2、American students join（building friendship）3、Who is Kate Rowley（she”s a senior student）4、What do student leadersneed to（Passion）5、The phrasal verb fatten up in （polish）第三篇

13、Shark attack!Craig rogers was sitting on his surfboard,scanning the distance for his next wave,when his board suddenly stopped moving. he looked down and was terrified to see a great white shark biting the front of his board.”I could have touched its eye with my elbow,”says craig. The shark had surf

14、aced so quietly that he hadnt heard a thing.In his horror and confusion,he waved his arms and accidentally cut tow of his fingers on the sharks teeth.He then slid off the opposite side of his surfboard into the water. Then,with Craig in the water and blood flowing from his fingers, the five-meter-lo

15、ng shark simply swam away,disappearing into the water below.Although sharks are often categorized as killers that hunt and eat as many humans as then can,this is factually inaccurate.Sharks very rarely kill humans,Aperson has a greater chance of being struck by lightning or drowning in a bath than o

16、f being killed by a shark.Only 74 people have been reported killed by great whites in the last century.But great white sharks can reach six meters in length and weigh 2200 kilograms or more.With frightening jaws that can hold up to 3000 teeth arranged in several rows,they could very easily kill and

17、eat a helpless human in the water.Why is it,then,that most people survive attacks by great whites?Shark researchers are trying to comprehend the reasons that allow people to escape without being eaten.The most common explanation is that great whites dont see well.It has been thought that they mistak

18、e people for the seals or sea lions which make up a large part of their diet.There is reason to doubt this,however.Recent information shows that great whites can actually see very well.Also,when accacking seals,great whites shoop up to the surface and bite with great force.When approaching humans,ho

19、wever,they most often move in slowly and bite less hard.They soon discover that humans are not a high-fat meal.”They spit us out because were too bony,”says Aidan Martin,director of Reef Quest Center for Shark Research.Shark researchers like Martin hypothesize that great whites are actually curious

20、animals that like to investigate things.Its possible that they use their bite not only to kill and eat,but also to gather information,Although such an experience is unlucky for people like Craig Rogers,when sharks bite surfboards or other objects or people,they are likely just trying to learn what t

21、hey are. 小心鲨鱼!克雷格 罗杰斯正坐在他的冲浪板上估算着下一波浪离他还有多远，就在这时冲浪板不动了。他低头向水下看，惊悚的一幕出现了：一条大白鲨正在撕咬冲浪板的前端。“我的肘部可能都已经碰到了它的眼睛”，克雷格谈道。原来，这条鲨鱼悄悄地浮上了水面，完全没让克雷格听到。克雷格惊慌害怕，手足无措，但是偶然之间他被鲨鱼咬掉了两支手指，然后随着滑板翻了个个儿，他也掉进水里。就在那时，处于水中的克雷格两支手指鲜血直流，但这条五米长的鲨鱼却径直游开，消失在深海之中。虽然鲨鱼常被认为是疯狂杀人的猎手，但事实上这是不准确的。鲨鱼很少猎杀人类。比起被鲨鱼杀死，人类更有可能被闪电击中或是淹死在浴缸中。在

22、上个世纪，有报道的只有74人命丧鲨鱼之口。然而大白鲨可以长到6米长、2200公斤重或是更重。3000颗牙齿排成数排长在鲨鱼那可怕的血盆大口中，它们可以轻易杀死并吃掉无助的落水者。但为什么大多数人受到大白鲨攻击之后都能鲨口逃生呢？鲨鱼研究者们正在努力寻找使得人类鲨口脱险的原因。最常用的解释是说大白鲨的视力不好。人们认为大白鲨会把人类错当成是海豹或者海狮，后两者是鲨鱼的主要食物来源。但是人类又找到了理由来质疑这一论断。最近的研究信息表明大白鲨视力不错。并且当大白鲨在攻击海豹时，它们会迅速窜上海面，用力撕咬。但当大白鲨在攻击人类时，它们在大多数情况下会慢慢浮上海面，撕咬的力度也轻得多。它们很快就会发

23、现人类的肉不够肥。“它们把我们吐出来是因为我们太瘦了”，艾丹马丁说道，他是鲨鱼研究暗礁搜索中心的领头人。诸如马丁这样的鲨鱼研究者们提出了这样的一种假设：大白鲨实际上是一种好奇心很重的动物，它们喜欢探索新鲜事物。有可能它们撕咬物体不仅仅是为了猎杀和吃掉，也是为了搜集信息。虽然这种经历对于像克雷格罗杰斯这些人来说很不幸，但是当鲨鱼在撕咬冲浪板，或是别的物体，甚至是人类时，很可能它们只是在尽量了解那到主氏是个什么东西。练习1、After Craig Rogersthe shark（swam away）2、It is difficultforwhy great whites（often let hum

24、ans escape）3、Which of the following .line 2 of paragraph 4（are）4、The word their in line 2 of paragraph 4 means（great whites”）5、What is the main idea of the forth paragraph（We now know great whites don”t）第四篇 Feast on Turkey and Good Wishes at ThanksgivingFour weeks ago US children dressed as monsters

25、 and asked for sweets. That was Halloween In a few weeks American houses will be red and green and filled with presents, for Christmas.As if all this isnt enough, on Thursday this week, America will enjoy another festivalThanksgiving.Children will have two days off school, shops will close and house

26、s will be filled with families enjoying mountains of food.Every year, in Gainesville, Florida, an entire class celebrate Thanksgiving together. The class dresses up and puts on plays for their families, After the plays the families share a feast of traditional Thanksgiving foods like turkey and pumpkin pie.Dean Foster, an 11yearold boy will take part in this celebration. He said: “I love Thanksgiving because it means time off school, lots of nice food and a happy family.”His brother Ben, nine, said: “The bes