英语学习转发：重要：期末考试等高级英语视听说文稿Book1.doc

1、Chapter 1Napoleon：From Schoolboy to EmperorNapoleon was a French soldier who became emperor of France. He was born in 1769 on the island of Corsica. When he was only 10 years old, his father sent him to military school in France. N. wasnt a very good student in most of his classes, but he excelled i

2、n mathematics and military science. When he was 16 years old, he joined the French army. In that year he began the military career that brought him fame, power, riches, and, finally, defeat. N. became a general in the French army at the young age of 24. Several years later, he became the emperor of

3、the French Empire. N. was many things. He was, first of all, a brilliant military leader. His soldiers were ready to die for him. As a result, N. won many, many military victories. At one time he controlled most of Europe, but many countries, including England, Russia, and Austria fought fiercely ag

4、ainst him. His defeat his end came when he decided to attack Russia. In this military campaign against Russia, he lost most of his army.The great French conqueror died alone - deserted by his family and friends in 1821. N. was only 51 years old when he died. Chapter 2Pompeii：Destroyed, Forgotten, an

5、d FoundToday many people who live in large metropolitan areas such as Paris and New York leave the city in the summer. They go to the mountains or to the seashore to escape the city noise and heat. Over 2,000 years ago, many rich Romans did the same thing. They left the city of Rome in the summer. M

6、any of these wealthy Romans spent their summers in the city of Pompeii. P. was a beautiful city; it was located on the ocean, on the Bay of Naples.In the year 79 C.E., a young boy who later became a very famous Roman historian was visiting his uncle in P. The boys name was Pliny the Younger. One day

7、 Pliny was looking up at the sky. He saw a frightening sight. It was a very large dark cloud. This black cloud rose high into the sky. Rock and ash flew through the air. What Pliny saw was the eruption the explosion - of the volcano, Vesuvius. The city of P. was at the foot of Mt. V.When the volcano

8、 first erupted, many people were able to flee the city and to escape death. In fact, 18,000 people escaped the terrible disaster. Unfortunately, there was not enough time for everyone to escape. More than 2,000 people died. These unlucky people were buried alive under the volcanic ash. The eruption

9、lasted for about 3 days. When the eruption was over, P. was buried under 20 feet of volcanic rock and ash. The city of P. was buried and forgotten for 1,700 years. In the year of 1748 an Italian farmer was digging on his farm. As he was digging, he uncovered a part of a wall of the ancient city of P

10、. Soon archaeologists began to excavate to dig - in the area. As time went by, much of the ancient city of P. was uncovered. Today tourists from all over the world come to see the ruins of the famous city of Pompeii.Chapter 3Lance Armstrong: Survivor and WinnerLance Armstrong was born on September 1

11、8, 1971 in a suburb of Dallas, Texas, called Plano. Lance began running and swimming competitively when he was only 10 years old. By the time he was 13, he was competing in triathlons and won the Iron Kids Triathlon. Lances mother, who raised L. mostly by herself, recognized and encouraged his compe

12、titive spirit.During his senior year in high school, L. was invited to train with the US Olympic cycling developmental team in Colorado. From that time on, L. focused completely on cycling. By 1991, L. was the US National Amateur Champion. He also won 2 major national races the same year - even beat

13、ing some professional cyclists.Although he was generally doing very well, L. had his ups and downs. In 1992, he was expected to do very well at the Barcelona Olympics, but finished in 14th place. This was a big disappointment. L. got over the disappointment and decided to turn professional. In his f

14、irst professional race, the 1992 Classico San Sebastian, he ended up finishing dead last, 27 minutes behind the winner. L.s mother continued to encourage L. through his difficult times.Things went much better for L. in the following years. In 1993, he was the youngest person to win the World Race Ch

15、ampionships. In the same year, he entered the Tour de France for the first time. He won one stage of the race, but dropped out of the race before finishing. In 1995, he even won the Classico S. S., the race he had finished last in, in 1992. L. also won the most important US tournament, the Tour du P

16、ont, 2 times, in both 1995 and 1996. By 1996, L. was ranked 7th among cyclists in the world, and he signed a 2-year contract with a French racing team. At that time, everything was looking very good for L.A.However, everything changed dramatically and drastically in October of 1996, shortly after hi

17、s 25th birthday. At this time, L. was diagnosed with advanced cancer that had already spread to his brain and lungs. He almost immediately underwent 2 cancer surgeries. After these 2 surgeries, he was given a 50-50 chance of survival as he began an aggressive 3-month course of chemotherapy. The chem

18、otherapy left L. very weak, but the treatment worked well. Quite soon after, L. was declared free of cancer. L. returned to cycling and training only 5 months after he was initially diagnosed with cancer. He vowed he would return to competitive cycling better than ever.However, his French cycling te

19、am dropped L. from the team. They didnt believe that L. would ever be able to return to his former level of strength and endurance. Fortunately the US Postal Service Team became his new sponsor. With the support of the US Postal Service Team, L. returned to racing in 1998. After one particularly bad

20、 day during one of his races, L. pulled over and decided he was done with racing. However, after spending time with his really good cycling friends, L. returned to racing, and again he was off again in pursuit of cycling victories!L.s big comeback was marked by his victory at the 1999 Tour de France

21、. L. repeated this feat in the years 2000, 2001, 2002, 2003 and 2004, for a total of 6 consecutive victories in the Tour de France, the most prestigious and the most grueling of all cycling contests. L.s Tour de France record may never be beaten or even matched. Interestingly, L. was the youngest pe

22、rson to win the World Cycling Championships in 1993 and the oldest person ever to win the Tour de France in 2004!In addition to his amazing athletic performance, L.A. has established the L.A. Foundation, which is devoted to providing information about cancer and support to cancer victims. He has als

23、o written a book about his life and winning the TdF, called Every Second Counts, and for L., every second has counted.L.A. gives a lot of credit for his success to his mother, whose independent spirit and support for L. inspired him to overcome all of lifes obstacles, both on and off the racetrack.

24、Lance, in return, has provided inspiration to many, for his courage both athletic and personal.Chapter 4 The Internet: How it WorksThe Internet consists of millions of computers, all linked together into a gigantic network. Now every computer that is connected to the Internet is part of this network

25、 and can communicate with any other connected computer.In order to communicate with each other, these computers are equipped with special communication software. To connect to the Internet, the user instructs the computers communication software to contact the Internet Service Provider, or ISP. Now

26、an Internet Service Provider, or ISP, is a company that provides Internet service to individuals, organizations, or companies, usually for a monthly charge. Local ISPs connect to larger ISPs, which in turn connect to even larger ISPs. A hierarchy of networks is formed. And this hierarchy is somethin

27、g like a pyramid, with lots of small networks at the bottom, and fewer but larger networks moving up the pyramid. But, amazingly, there is no one single controlling network at the top. Instead, there are dozens of high-level networks, which agree to connect with each other. It is through this proces

28、s that everyone on the Internet is able to connect with everyone else on the Internet, no matter where he or she is in the world.How does information that leaves one computer travel through all of these networks, and arrive at its destination, another computer, in a fraction of a second?The process

29、depends on routers. Now routers are specialized computers whose job is to direct the information through the networks. The data, or information, in an e-mail message, a Web page, or a file is first broken down into tiny packets. Each of these packets has the address of the sender and of the receiver

30、, and information on how to put the packets back together. Each of these packets is then sent off through the Internet. And when a packet reaches a router, the router reads its destination address. And the router then decides the best route to send the packet on its way to its destination. All the p

31、ackets might take the same route or they might go different routes. Finally, when all the packets reach their destination, they are put back into the correct order.To help you understand this process, Im going to ask you to think of these packets of information as electronic postcards. Now imagine t

32、hat you want to send a friend a book, but you can send it only as postcards. First, you would have to cup up each of the pages of the book to the size of the postcards. Next, you would need to write your address and the address of your friend on each of these postcards. You would also need to number the postcards so that your friend could put them in the correct order after he receives the postcards. After completing these steps, you would put all the postcards in the mail. You would have no way to know how each postcard traveled to reach your friend. Some might go by truck ,