天坛中英文导游词 南门进北门出.docx

1、天坛中英文导游词 南门进北门出天坛中英文导游词天坛中英双语导游词篇一：天坛中文导游词各位游客，我们今天所要参观的就是以前皇帝祭天的地方天坛。明朝永乐皇帝迁都北京以后，在北京南城仿照南京的大祀殿建立了这作用于祭天的圣坛，占地面积达到了273万平方米。主建筑是大祀殿，也就是今天祈年殿的位置上。天坛有外坛墙和内坛墙，北面是圆形，南面是方形，取意天圆地方。在一开始，祭天和祭地都是天坛，直到明嘉靖年间在北城修建了地坛，才分开的，并且新增了圜丘坛，用于孟冬祭天，把原来的大祀殿改为大享殿，专门用于孟春祈谷，当时殿宇屋顶已经是三重檐了，从上至下的蓝黄绿三色瓦分别代表了天地万物。而在乾隆年间，有将大享殿改为现在

2、的祈年殿，而将屋顶瓦片都改成了蓝色的琉璃瓦。从而形成了今天我们所看到的这个世界上最大的祭天建筑群。可是这样一个祭天圣地，却也曾经在1860年时遭到英法联军的洗劫，继而在1900年的时候又遭到了八国联军的蹂躏。在1916年袁世凯登基的时候也曾经在天坛上演了一出祭天的闹剧。在1918年，天坛最终还是以公园开放。解放以后天坛不仅成了著名的旅游景点，而且还是北京城市绿地的组成部分，来这里的不光是旅游者，还不乏一些专门为了强身健体的老人们。现在就让我们沿着当年皇帝登坛的路线开始此次游览。现在我们正沿着天坛建筑的中轴线向南行进，将要看到的就是古代皇帝祭天的圜丘坛。圜丘有两道围护墙，使外方内圆，符合天圆地方

3、的说法。每道墙都有四组棂星门，从东面依次是泰元、昭亨、广利、成贞，每组三门，共有24座，为“云门玉立”。大家可以注意到，棂星门的大小都不一样，这是因为中门是上帝专用的，所以高大；皇帝只能从左侧的门进入；而其他的官员只能从右边最小的门通过。而门外的一座平台就是皇帝在祭天大典之前更换祭服和盥洗的地方，叫做具服台。来到了圜丘坛下，我们马上要开始登坛了，不过我请您留心每层坛面都要有多少台阶。到了最高层，大家也就都发现了，坛上所有的台阶数，护板数都是九或者九的倍数。每登上一层，都要有9层台阶，台面上的石板中间的叫做天心石，外围第一圈砌着9圈巨大的扇形石板，第二圈18块，以此类推，到了最外边的第九圈正好是

4、81块；而大家抬头就可以看到的围护板被四面台阶分为四个部分，每个部分也都有9块，而中层的围护板是18块，下层的是27块，这些难道都是巧合么？当然不是，因为根据阴阳五行来说，9是极阳数，所以古代的工匠便用这个数字来赋予圜丘台意念上的崇高。说完了神坛的奇妙，我在给您介绍一下祭天大典的盛况。到了每年的冬至，皇帝就要在这里祭天。在大典前两天，皇帝要在故宫里进行斋戒，而到了第三天，也就是冬至前一天，就要到天坛的斋宫进行斋戒。冬至那天，在日出前七刻，现在的凌晨四点多，奏报时辰，皇帝起驾，斋宫东北角的钟楼开始鸣钟。到具服台盥洗更衣，神牌都送到台面相应的位置，也就是七组神位，称作七幄;在圜丘前燔柴炉上放一只牛

5、犊，用松枝燔烧，西南的望灯杆望灯高悬，点燃蟠龙通宵宝蜡，台南广场上排列着奏乐队，配合着中和韶乐，在文武百官的陪同下，祭天大典就正式开始了，皇帝由南棂星左门登坛，这时钟声停止，到了第二层南侧拜位站好后，听候司赞人报仪程。恭读至皇天上帝的祝文。礼仪结束以后，要将神位前的贡品分别送到燔柴炉(从正位幄次撤下的祭品再次焚烧，皇帝也要一旁恭立目视，称为望燎)和燎炉(圜丘坛共有12座燎炉，在瘗坎北侧，从东向西排列着8个;内围护墙东西棂星门外各有一对。从配位幄次车下的祭品分别送到8个燎炉内焚烧，而四个从位幄次的祭品送到棂星门处)焚烧，烟雾腾空，象征着送到天庭。而后还要将牛尾、牛毛、牛血送到瘗坎掩埋，象征不忘祖

6、先茹毛饮血之意。在这个典礼上，需要特别提到的是皇帝恭读祝文所站立的地方，就是刚才所说的台面中心天心石。他是天坛三大声学现象之一。在这里朗读的时候声音特别洪亮，而且现在这里也是一样的，各位游客不妨体会一下这奇特的效果，也像当年的皇帝一样，向上天诉说自己美好的愿望。现在咱们继续沿着中轴线行走，面前的建筑叫做天库，而它的正殿就是皇穹宇。皇穹宇建于明嘉靖九年，起初叫做泰神殿，到了十七年，改名为现在的皇穹宇，它的作用就是在平日存放圜丘坛祭祀主神的地方，所以这里也叫圜丘坛寝宫。殿内正面的圆形石台上安放的就是皇天上帝的神牌，而前边两侧的四个方形石台上安放的则是八位祖先神主，还有东西配殿用来存放从祀神位。而皇

7、穹宇三个字也分别代表了至高无上，天，宇宙的意思，更加显示出它的神圣和至尊。它是一座建筑艺术价值非常高的殿宇，总体呈圆形，下边是高2.85米的圆形须弥座，为青白石筑成，有东南西三个方向的出陛，也就是台阶，而在南向出陛还有二龙戏珠的丹陛石。上边是蓝色筒瓦单檐攒尖鎏金宝顶。而在殿内还有八根檐柱和八根金柱，大殿上架没有横梁承托，全都是靠各类斗拱层层上叠来支撑，步步收缩，从而形成了精美的穹隆圆顶。这里边还运用了物理学中的杠杆原理。这组建筑不仅十分精美，而且还有回音壁和三音石，这和刚才我们说的天心石合称天坛三大声学现象。回音壁就是皇穹宇的外墙，围墙建造的磨砖对缝，十分的平滑，是很好的声音载体，可以传声，在

8、传递途中对声音损失极小，只要对着墙说话，就算相隔四五十米，见不到面，都可以清晰的听到对方说话。而三音石则是皇穹宇大殿正前方的三块石头，您站在第一块石头上拍手可以听到一次回音，第二块石头可以听到两次，而第三块就可以听到三次回音，所以称为三音石。在后来也有人把它叫做三才石，取天地人三才的意思。也许您刚才就已经注意到了，天坛有非常多的柏树，不错，它就好像北京一个天然的氧吧。而在这许多古柏当中，有一株500余岁的桧柏，就是回音壁西墙外的这棵九龙柏。它的树干纹理非常的奇特，布满了沟壑，而且旋转扭曲，好像9条蟠龙缠绕嬉戏，所以叫它九龙柏真是一点也不过分。在游览过了圜丘坛和皇穹宇之后，我们就即将走进祈谷坛了

9、，而现在我们脚下连接两个祭坛的就是丹陛桥，也叫做海墁大道，而它也是皇帝登上祈谷坛的唯一通道，长360米，桥面上分为三条道，中间的是神道，东边是御道，西边的就是王道。而它作为通道为什么又要称为桥呢？这有两种说法，一种是说路面南低北高，步步高升，好像与天相连接的桥；而另一种就是说路面下边建有进牲门，类似立交桥，所以称之为桥。说到进牲门，就是在祭祀前，牛羊都要通过桥下的一个券门被赶到500米外的宰牲亭宰杀，制成供品，所以这个通道也被叫做鬼门关，因为一进去就有死无生了。好，回到正题，现在呈现在您面前的就是祈谷坛的完整建筑群。前面的这个石台是具服台，在每年孟春祈谷祭祀之前，皇帝照例还是要来到这里搭建幄次

10、，盥洗更衣，所以这里还有小金殿之称。到此，祈谷坛的主体建筑祈年殿就出现在我们面前了。祈年殿下的基座是层的圆形石台，而在正面三层石台阶中，分别装饰着巨大的浮雕，叫做殿前丹陛石雕。从下之上内容分别是：瑞云山海，双凤山海，双龙山海。各层排水孔的案和浮雕的内容也是对应的。东西两旁的配殿个有九间，原来是安放从祀牌位的地方，不过在家靖年间，把它们挪到了先农坛，所以现在这里也就没有什么实际用途了。而祈年殿本身就是一座极具中国特色的独特建筑。圆形三重檐攒尖屋顶向上层层收缩，都是用蓝色的琉璃瓦覆盖，以此来象征天。顶部是鎏金宝顶，抬头仰视，便是龙凤藻井，中心是龙凤成祥的图案。而巨大的三层殿顶就是靠殿内的28根落地

11、柱支撑的，中间的四柱名叫龙井柱，东南西北方向分别代表了春夏秋冬；而龙井柱外围的12个红漆金柱所分割出来的12个开间，则分别代表了一年的12个月份；外面两环的24个开间有分别代表了一年的24个节气；同时，这28根大柱，也代表了天上的28个星宿。据说这祈年殿是仿照古代明堂设计建造的。在感殿内建筑的同时，也让我们把注意力逐渐转移到殿内的陈设上来。这里的陈设是按照清朝咸丰年间原状恢复的，正面的雕龙宝座上供奉着的是满汉合璧的皇天上帝神版，左右两侧的石台上供奉的是清朝前八位皇帝的牌位。和每年的祭天一样，这里是用来祈谷的地方。在祭祀的当天，有乐队在殿外月台上奏乐，身穿祭服的皇帝虔诚步入神殿，向牌位行大礼，祈

12、祷上苍，然后把供品送到祈年门外东边的燔柴炉和燎炉焚烧，送上天宫。祈谷礼节和祭天的差不多。到这里，祈年殿也差不多讲完了，而它还有一个附属建筑，作用和皇穹宇差不多，也是存放祈谷坛祭祀神主的地方，就是祈年殿北侧的皇乾殿。现在我们从祈谷坛的东门出来，可以看到一条连檐通脊的长廊，共有七十二间，俗称七十二连房，它不仅用来连接神厨神库，而且也是祭祀时运送祭品的通道，在长廊的东头，就是宰牲亭，就是前面所说过了鬼门关的牲畜要道这里来屠宰。而在长廊的东南方向，有八块巨大的青石，称为七星石，都是风水镇石。可是这里命名有八块石头为什么叫七星呢？原来明代在这里放的的确是七块石头，而最小的那一块则是清代增添上的。关于七星

13、石的说法每个朝代都不同。在明代，有个道士和皇帝说祈年殿的方位不好，不利于国家，所以就在这里放了象征着北斗七星的七块石头。而在清代，康熙皇帝为了给满族爱新觉罗氏寻找从东北如主中原的理论依据，就派人考察山脉，发现泰山是长白山的余脉，所以就在原来七块石头的东北方有放了一小块儿青石，象征东北长白山，如果按这种说法，那八块石头就应该叫做七峰东岳。且不管他们怎么定论了。谢谢大家，如有不妥之处，还望见谅。篇二：天坛英文导游词(Inside the South Gate of the Temple of Heaven)Ladies and Gentlemen:Welcome to the temple of

14、Heaven. It is also one of the preserved cultural heritages of China. There are basically two kinds of visitors who come here: local pensioners who do exercises here in the morning and evening and sightseers both from home and abroad. All in all,there are 12 million visitors very year. Now we are goi

15、ng to go along the route that leads to the alter. It will take roughly one hour. Mind you ，the emperor also walked along this route to pay tribute to the God of Heaven.(Along the Southern Sacred Road leading to the Circular Mound Altar)背景The largest group of architectures ever to be dedicated to Hea

16、ven, the Temple of Heaven served as an exclusive altar独家祭台 for Chinese monarchs during the Ming and Qing dynasties. It was decreed that rulers of successive dynasties would place altars in their own capitals to worship Heaven and pray for good harvest. But why?天的理解The ancient Chinese believed that H

17、eaven was the supreme ruler of the universe and the fate of mankind,and thus worshiping rites dedicated to Heaven came into being.The Heaven the ancient Chinese referred to was actually the Universe,or nature. In those days, there were specific rites of worship. This was especially true during the M

18、ing and Qing dynasties when elaborate ceremonies were held.历史The Temple of Heaven was built in 1420 during the reign of Emperor Youngle of the Ming Dynasty. Situated in the southern part of the city,this grand set of structures covers an area of 273 hectares. To better symbolize heaven and earth,the

19、 northern part of the Temple is circular while the southern part is square. The whole compound is enclosed by two walls,a square wall outside a round one. The outer area is characterized by suburban scenery,while the inner part is used for sacrifices. The inner enclosure consists of the Hall of Pray

20、er for Good Harvest and the Circular Mound Altar.南棂星门(Along the Imperial Passage leading from the Southern Lattice Star Gate in front of the Circular Mound Altar)圜丘the Circular Mound Altar is enclosed by two walls,each containing four groups of Southern Lattice Star Gate,each in turn consisting of t

21、hree doors,with 24 marble doors altogether. Standing on the passage facing north,you will notice that with each pair of doors on is narrower than the other. This reflects the feudal hierarchy: the wider door was reserved for monarchs,while the narrower one was used by courtiers.On the day of the cer

22、emony,the emperor would don his ritual costume and be ushered in by the official in charge of religious affairs. He ascended the three terraces in the forefront to pay tribute at the altar.(Atop the Circular Mound Altar)we are now on the top terrace of theAltar,or the third terrace .Each terrace has

23、 a flight of 9 steps. At the center of this terrace lies a round stone surrounded by 9 steps. At the center of this terrace lies a round stone surrounded by 9 concentric rings of stone. The number of stones in the first ring is 9， in the second ，18， up to 81 in the 9th ring. Even the number of carve

24、d balustrades on these terraces is a multiplee of 9. But why?数字阴阳According to ancient Chinese philosophy， yin and yang were two opposing factors. Heaven and the odd numbers belonged to yang while the Earth and even numbers belonged to yin. Nine was the largest heavenly number accessible to man . Wha

25、t is more， the ancient people also believed that heaven consisted of nine layers and that the emperor s abode was on the uppermost tier.Once more look at the round stone in the center. The upper terrace is nine zhang (a Chinese unit of length， one zhang equals 3.3 meters ) in circumference ，while th

26、e middle is 15 zhang， the lower， 21 zhang. Classified as yang numbers， the sum of these numerals is 45 zhang which was meant to symbolized success. What is more， by applying the concept of odd numbers and strengthening nine and its multiples， the concept of heaven was thus illustrated and realized .

27、 The concept of nine will also be mentioned when we visit some other buildings.祭祀过程Now I will give you a brief account of what happened here annually on the Inter Solstice. The memorial tablet dedicated to Heaven would be set up on the north side of the terrace， while tablets dedicated to the empero

28、r s ancestors would be enshrined on the flanks. The service would begin around 4 o clock in the morning. All of the lanterns would be lit .In the foreground， a sacrificial calf is being barbecued. On the square in front of the altar， the emperor， under heavy escort of nearly a thousand courtiers， pr

29、inces of royal blood ，musicians， dancers and uniformed soldiers， would slowly ascend the altar to offer sacrifice and pray in honor of Heaven. When the service drew to a close ，the sacrifice offered in front of the memorial tablets would be incinerated .All of participants would watch the thick smok

30、e rise upward as if they were seeing God off .Music and dancing would follow .In the end ，the emperor would return to the Forbidden City secure in the belief that he would be blessed and protected by Heaven until the next winter Solstice.祈福It is interesting to note that ，the stone in the very middle

31、 of the altar was of major importance ，since it was where the emperor used to stand to say his prayer. The stone ，which is known as the Gods heart Stone， is peculiar in that it is characterized by a specific acoustic phenomenon: it made the emperor s voice clearer and louder， thus adding to the myst

32、ic atmosphere of the service .You can try this out by yourself. (Proceed northward to pass through the Lattice StarGate)(In front of the Gate of glazed tiles)this structure is known as Heaven s Storehouse. It is entered through the Gate of glazed Tiles. The roofing ，beams， and brackets are all made of glazed tiles or bricks. This is the only structure of its kind in china today .the Heaven s Storehouse was where memorial tablets dedicated to the gods were kept. Douglas Hurd， a former British foreigh secretary ，once said ， “God attends to His aff