名词性从句详细讲解1.docx

1、名词性从句详细讲解1名词性从句讲解英语从句三大类型按一般说法，可分为三大类14种从句。一,名词性从句1主语从句Whether its right or not remains to be seen.2宾语从句I wonder whether its right or not.3同位语从句This is a question whether its right or not.4表语从句The question is whether its right or not.二,形容词性从句（定语从句）1限定性定语从句She is the student who can speak English wel

2、l.2非限定性定语从句She is the student,who can speak English well.三,副词性从句（状语从句）1时间状语从句The fact will come out when he comes here.2地点状语从句You can go wherever you like.3原因状语从句Pay more attention to your lessons because you are a student.4方式状语从句He walks as if he were a king.5目的状语从句She went to Japan so that she cou

3、ld learn Japanese well.6结果状语从句She went to Japan so that she learned Japanese well.7条件状语从句I will understand it if he tells me.8让步状语从句He knows a lot though he is little.一、名词性从句在复合句中起名词作用的从句叫做名词性从句, 功能相当于名词词组，根据在句中不同的语法功能，分为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。引导名词性从句的连接词可分为三类：连接词：that, whether, if （不充当从句的任何成分）连接代词：wh

4、at, whatever, who, whoever, whom, whose, which.连接副词：when, where, how, why1. 主语从句作句子主语的从句叫主语从句。主语从句通常由从属连词that，whether，if和连接代词what，who，which，whatever，whoever以及连接副词how，when，where，why等词引导。that在句中无词义，只起连接作用；连接代词和连接副词在句中既保留自己的疑问含义、又起连接作用，在从句中充当一定的成分。主语从句后的谓语动词一般用单数形式。由疑问词引导的名词性从句，语序为陈述句语序。例如： That he sud

5、denly feel ill surprised me a lot.他突然生病让我很吃惊。What he wants to tell us is not clear. 他要跟我们说什么，还不清楚。Where the English evening will be heldhas not yet been announced. 英语晚会将在哪里举行，还没有宣布。有时为避免句子头重脚轻，常用形式主语it代替主语从句作形式主语放于句首，而把主语从句置于句末。It is known to us how he became a writer. 我们都知道他是如何成为一名作家的。It doesnt mat

6、ter how we dealt with the problem.我们怎样处理这个问题无关紧要。2. 宾语从句名词句用作宾语的从句叫宾语从句。引导宾语从句的关联词与引导主语从句表语从句的关联词大致一样，在句中可以作谓语动词或介词及非谓语动词的宾语。1). 由连接词that引导的宾语从句由连接词that引导宾语从句时，that在句中不担任任何成分，在口语或非正式的文体中常被省去，但在以下几种特殊情况，引导宾语从句的连词that 不能省略：a. 当为了强调把that引导的宾语从句可位于句首时，that不能省略。如：That she is a good girl I know. 她是一个好姑娘，我

7、是知道的。That he ever said such a thing I simply dont believe. 我简直不相信他曾说过这样的话。b. 当that从句与动词被其他词或从句隔开时，that一般不宜省略，以免造成语义混乱。如：They told us once againthat the situation was serious.他们又一次告诉我们说形势是严重的。The dealer told me how much he was prepared to pay for my car andthat I could have the money without delay. 那

8、个商人告诉我他准备出多少钱买我的汽车，并说我会立即收到款。3. 当两个或多个that引导的宾语从句并列使用时，即使省略了第一个从句的引导词that，后面的that也不可省略。如：He said (that) he couldnt tell you right away and that you wouldntunderstand. 他说他不能马上告诉你，你是不会理解的。He said (that) it wasnthis business and that the government should do something about it. 他说这不关他的事，而是政府应该对这事想点办法。注

9、意：在demand、order、suggest、decide、insist, desire, demand, request, command等表示要求、命令、建议、决定等意义的动词后，宾语从句常用“（should）+ 动词原形”。例如：I insist that she (should) do her work alone. 我坚持要她自己工作。The commander ordered that troops (should) set off at once. 司令员命令部队马上出发。2). 用who，whom, which, whose, what, when, where, why,

10、how, whoever, whatever, whichever等词引导的宾语从句相当于特殊疑问句，应注意句子语序要用陈述语序。例如： I want to know what he has told you. 我想知道他告诉了你什么。She always thinks of how she can work well. 她总是在想怎样能把工作做好。She will give whoever needs help a warm support. 凡需要帮助的人，她都会给予热情的支持。3). 用whether或if引导的宾语从句，其主语和谓语的顺序也不能颠倒，仍保持陈述句语序。此外，whethe

11、r与if 在作“是否”的意思讲时在下列情况下一般只能用whether，不用if：a. 引导主语从句并在句首时；b. 引导表语从句时；c . 引导从句作介词宾语时；d. 从句后有“or not”时；e. 后接动词不定式时。例如： Whether there is life on the moon is an interesting question. 月球上有没有生命是个有趣的问题。 Everything depends on whether we have enough money. 一切要看我们是否有足够的钱。4). 注意宾语从句中的时态呼应，当主句动词是现在时，从句根据自身的句子情况，而使

12、用不同时态。例如：He studies English every day. （从句用一般现在时）He studied English last term. （从句用一般过去时）I know (that) he will study English next year. （从句用一般将来时）He has studied English since 1998. （从句用现在完成时）当主句动词是过去时态（could, would除外），从句则要用相应的过去时态，如一般过去时，过去进行时，过去将来时等；当从句表示的是客观真理，科学原理，自然现象，则从句仍用现在时态。例如：The teacher to

13、ld us that Tom had left us for AmericaThe teacher told us that Tom is a boy.5). think, believe, imagine, suppose等等动词引起的否定性宾语从句中，要把上述主句中的动词变为否定式。即将从句中的否定形式移到主句中(否定转移)。例如：We dont think you are here. 我们认为你不在这。I dont believe he will do so. 我相信他不会这样做。3. 表语从句在句中作表语的从句叫表语从句。引导表语从句的引导词与引导主语从句的引导词大致一样，表语从句位于

14、系动词后，有时也可用as if引导。其基本结构为：主语 + 系动词 + 引导词+从句。例如：The fact is that we have lost the game. 事实是我们已经输了这场比赛。 That is why he didnt come to the meeting. 那就是他为什么不到会的原因。It looks as if it is going to rain. 看上去天要下雨了。需要注意的，当主语是reason时，表语从句要用that引导而不是because。例如：The reason why he was late was that he missed the trai

15、n by one minute this morning 4. 同位语从句说明其前面的名词的具体内容的从句是同位语从句。同位语从句通常由that引导，可用于同位语从句的名词有advice、demand、doubt、fact、hope、idea、information、message、news、order、problem、promise、question、request、suggestion、truth、wish、word等。例如：The newsthat we won the game is exciting.我们赢得这场比赛的消息令人激动。The thought came to him th

16、at Mary had probably fallen ill. 他想到可能玛丽生病了。同位语从句和定语从句的区别：同位语从句所修饰的词是有限的一些抽象名词，而定语从句就没有这种限制。that作为关系代词，可以引导定语从句，充当句子成分，在从句中作宾语时可以省略； that引导同位语从句时，起连词的作用，没有实际意义，不充当句子成分，一般不能省略。试比较下面两个例句: I had no idea that you were here（that引导同位语从句，不能省略）Have you got the idea（that）this book gives you of life in ancien

17、t Greece？（that引导定语从句，作宾语，可以省略）名词性从句专项练习100题1. His success was because of _ he had been working hard.A. that B. the fact which C. the fact that D. the fact2. “Is Mary from New York City” “I dont know _.”A. from what city does she come from B. from what city she comeC. what city does she come from D.

18、what city she comes from3. _ makes mistakes must correct them.A. What B. That C. Whoever D. Whatever4. The reason why I didnt go to Shanghai was _ a new job.A. because I got B. because of getting C. I got D. that I got5. It worried her a bit _ her hair was turning grey.A. while B. that C. if D. for

19、6. Henry killed the dog. Ill ask him why _.A. did he do that B. he did that C. he did D. he has done so 7. Have you seen Henry lately My boss wants to know _.A. how he is getting along B. how is he getting alongC. what he is getting along D. what is he getting along8. It is generally considered unwi

20、se to give a child _ he or she wants.A. however B. whatever C. whichever D. whenever9. He asked me _ with me.A. what is the trouble B. what wrong wasC. what was the matter D. what trouble it is10. I am sure _ he said is true.A. that B. about that C. of that D. that what11. When and why he came here

21、_ yet.A. is not known B. are not known C. has not known D. have not bee12. I wonder how much _.A. does the watch cost B. did the watch costC. the watch costed D. the watch costs13. Mary is _ someone might recognize her.A. afraid of B. afraid about C. afraid that D. afraid for14._ is no reason for di

22、smissing her.A. Because she was a few minutes late B. Owing to a few minutes lateC. The fact that she was a few minutes late D. Being a few minutes late15. They came to the conclusion _ by a computer.A. that not all things can be done B. because of not all things be doneC. being not all things can b

23、e done D. because not all things can be done16. Why the explosion occurred was _ the laboratory attendant had been careless.A. for B. because C. since D. that17. I dont doubt _ hell come.A. that B. if C. what D. whether18. “Why did you go to the wrong class, Mr. Wang”“Well, I forget _ I was supposed

24、 to go to.”A. which the room B. which room C. what was the room D. what room was it19. Output is now six times _ it was before liberation.A. that B. which C. what D. of which20. Mary: Helen is a mere washer woman, yet shes now buying a big house.Carol: Yes. Because shes always saved _.A. what little

25、 she earns B. how little she earnsC. for little she earns D. with little she earns21. _ surprised me most was _ such a little boy of seven could play the violin so well.A. Thatwhat B. Whatthat C. Thatwhich D. Whatwhich22. We gave him _ help we could.A. which B. what C. that D. this23. She is pleased

26、 with what you have given him and _ you have told him.A. that B. which C. all what D. all that 24. Excuse me would you please tell me _ A. when the sports meet is taken place B. when is the sports meet going to be heldC. when is the sports meet to begin D. when the sports meet is to take place25. Do

27、 you happen to know _ A. what size shoes he wears B. how big shoes he wearsC. what is the size of his shoes D. what number shoes are his26. This book will show you _ can be used in other contexts.A. how you have observed B. how what you have observedC. that you have observed D. how that you have obs

28、erved27. Where do you think _ A. has he gone B. has he been C. hes gone D. was he28. Do you know _ A. how many populations there are in the world B. how much population there is in the worldC. how many the population of the world isD. what the population of the world is29. Would you go and see _ out

29、side A. what to take place B. what Tom has happenedC. what is happening D. what the matter had been30. The subject of What is interesting is that I do not even know him. is_.A. what B. interesting C. What is interesting D. I31. _ I think he is Charles.A. Who do you think he is B. Do you think who he

30、 isC. Whom do you think he is D. Do you think who he is32. He didnt know which room _.A. they lived B. they lived in C. did they live D. did they live in33. The little boy ate _ his mother gave him.A. that B. which C. whatever D. no matter what34. The city is no longer _. A. what it is B. that it used to be C. which it was D. what it used to be35. My parents used _ they had to get a new car for me.A. which B. that C. what D. all what36. _ we go swimming every day _ us a lot of good.A. Ifdo B. Thatdo C. Ifdoes D. Thatdoes37. _ was