大学语言学考试17章试题和答案.docx

1、大学语言学考试17章试题和答案12 maximal onset principle states that when there is a choice as to where to place a consonant. it is put into the onset rather than the coda. . The correct syllabification of the word country should be第一章，填空1.The study of the meaning of lingustic words, phrases is callesde mantics.2.

2、Displacement is a design feature of human language that enables speakers to talk about a wild range of things free from barriers caused by4.Morpheme is the smallest meaningful unit of language.5.If a linguistic study describes and analyzes the language people actually use, it is said to be descripti

3、ve.6.Chomsky defines “ competencaes ”the ideal users knowledge of the rules of his language.7.Language is a means of verbal communication. It is informative in that communicating by speaking or writing is a purposeful act.8.The link between a linguistic sign and its meaning is a matter of9.Language

4、is distinguished from traffic lights in that the former has the designing feature of duality.10.In linguistics research, bothq uantity and quality approaches are preferred. 判断：11.The writing system of a language is always a later invention used to record speech, thus there are still many languages i

5、n todays have no ideal native speaker to construct and recognize. 13.Duality and cultural transmission are two most important design features of human language.14.Chomskys competence and performance are similar in meaning to Saussure s langue and parole.15,An important difference between traditional

6、 grammarians and modern linguists in their study of language is that the former tended to over-emphasize the written form of language and encourage people to imitate the “best authors ”for languag16.In modern linguistic studies, the written form of language is given more emphasis than the spoken for

7、m for a of reasons. 17.Modern linguistics is mainly diachronic. chochronic共时的18.Langue and parole is the fundamental distinction discussed by Chomsky in his Aspects of the Theory ofdistinguished the linguistic competence of the speaker and the actual phenomena or data of linguistics as Parole and la

8、nguage.20. According to Chomsky, the task of a linguist is to determine from the data of performance the underlying system of rules that has been 选择:1.As modern linguistics aims to describe and analyse the language people actually use, and not to lay down rules for correct linguistic behavior, it is

9、 said to bed escriptive2.I can refer to Confucius even though he was dead 2000 years ago. This shows thatlanguage has the design feature of displacement.3.thisp irse sacnr iepxtiavme rpulele os.f“ Don t end a sentence with a preposition.4.Which of the following is most referred to as a branch of the

10、 study of meaning in5.The synchronic study of language takes a fixed instant as its point of observation.6.The branch of linguistics that studies how context influences the way speakers interpret sentences is calledp ragmatics.7.The fact that different languages have different words for the same obj

11、ect is good proof that human language is A 没照下图片 arbitrary8.The descriptive of a language as it changes through time is dai achronic study.9.题目没照下来。 答案为 ： principles-and-parameters theory10.Chomsky uses the terms competence to refer to actual realization of a language user s knowledge of the rules o

12、f his language in linguistic.11.Transformationl Generative Grammar was introduced by in 1957.12.题目没拍下来， 答案 morphology.13.According to Chomsky,c ompetence is the ideal user s internalized knowledge of hislanguage.14.The famous quotation from Shakespeare s play “ Romeo and Juilet ” .other name would s

13、mell as sweet ” well cilolunsvteranteional nature15.没拍到 over various periods of time 历时 diachronic16.Linguistic is the scientific study ofh uman language in genenral17.Pragmatics is a study of (D)A: Language learningB: Language acquisitionC: Language planningD: Language in use18.A linguist is intere

14、sted in (B)A: What is saidB: What is right both in syntax and in semanticsC: What is grammaticalD: What ought to be said19. has been widely accepted as teh forefather of modern linguistics (B)A: ChomskyB: Saussure20.The fact that the well-known Liu San Jie features a scence of “dugi e ”( songdueling

15、 ) mostly for the sheer joy of playing on function of language. (B)A: phatic communionB.recreationalC: emotiveD: informative21.The function of the sentence “A nice day, isn t it (”B) is .A: informativeB: phatic交流感情的C: directiveD: performativewhich indicates that language is_ arbitrary (任意 )25. The f

16、unction of language is primarily to use language to talk about languageitself. (D)A: performativeB: interpersonalC: informativeD: meta-language26. Displacement benefits human beings by giving them the power to handle _(B)A: arbitrariness and creativityB: generalizations and .名词解释1.Language2.design f

17、eaturespetence & performance4.language & parole5.Metalanguagecertain kinds of linguistic signs or terms for the analysis and description of particular studies.简答题2.Communication can take many forms, such as sign, speech, body language and facial language. Do body language and facial language express

18、ion share or lack the distinctive features of human language3.Do you prefer descriptive linguistics to prescriptive linguistics Give your reasons.第二章单词填空1.Consonant sounds can be either voiced or voiceless清音 , while all vowel sounds are voiced . Voicing 浊音2.phonological rules that govern the combina

19、tion of sounds in a particular language are called 有序规则 Sequential rules(1) and dark (1) are allophones of the same one phoneme, they never take the same position in sound combinations. Thus they are said to be in complementary distribution.transcription transcribes sounds with diacritics, while bro

20、ad transcription doesnot.essential difference between consonants and vowels is whether the air coming up from the lungs meets with any obstruction when a sound is produced.four sounds /p/, /b/, /m/ and /w/ have one feature in common, . they are all bilabial 双唇音 1.in such sound combinations as /bi;p/

21、, /geip/ and /su;p/, the voiceless stop /p/, occurring in the final position, is unaspirated, . pronounce withheld to some extent.2.Beat” and “bit” are not a minimal pair. F3.Voicing is a phonological feature that distinguishes meaning in both Chinese and English. T4.the assimilation rule assimilate

22、s one sound to another by “copying” a feature of a sequential phoneme, thus marking the two phones similar.T5.A general difference between phonetics and phonology is that phonetics is focused on the production of speech sounds while phonology is more conscience with how speech soT6.when a plural for

23、m s is added to a noun that ends with a vowel, it is pronounced as z, due to assimilation.F1.of the following sound combinations, only is permissible according to thesequential rules in English. ( A)A.kiblB.bkilC.ilkbD.ilbk2.in terms of the place of articulation. The following sounds t dzsn share th

24、eA.palatalB.Alveolar 齿槽C.bilabialD.dental3.whose cardinal vowel system is still in use (C)A.A. J. EllisB.A. M. BellC.Daniel JonesD.A. C. Gimson4.which of the following sounds is a voiceless bilabial 双唇 stop (A)ApBmCbDt5.According to ridicule of English orthography the non-existent word ghoti can be

25、pronounced in the same way as . (C)A.GoatB.HotC.FishD.Foot6.Which of the following is the correct description of v (B)A.Voiceless labiodental fricativeB.Voiced labiodental fricative 浊音 唇齿 摩擦C.Voiceless labiodental stopD.Voiced labiodental stop7.is a sound produced by bringing the tip of the tongue i

26、nto contact with theupper teeth to create the obstruction. (A)A.An alveolar 齿槽音B.A bilabialC.A palatalD.A dental8.is not an English consonant. (A)A.Labio-dental plosiveB.Alveolar nasalC.Velar stopD.Dental fricative9.English consonants can be classified into stops,fricatives,nasals, terms of (A)A.man

27、ner of articulationB.Openness of mouthC.Place of articulationD.Voicing10.is not a distinctive feature in English phonology. (D)A.NasalityB.VoicingC.AspirationD.Rounding11.The choice of an allophone in a given phonetic context is A.RandomB.PredictableC.VariableD.Independent12.The consonant f in Engli

28、sh can be correctly described as having the following phonetic features:13.is not a suprasegmental feature. (A)A.AspirationB.IntonationC.StressD.Tone名词解释InternationalAssociationPhonologyVoicingVowel &consonantPhoneticPhoneme&allophoneMaximal onset principle分析3.Analyze the data below, and then answer

29、 some questions.A.five past faivpa;st faifpa;stB.Love to lvtC.Has toD.As can be shownE.Lose five-nilF.Edge to edge(1) What rules of phonological processes do you find(2)By comparison with Nasalization rule:-nasal +nasal/ +nasal. Dentalizationrule: -dental dental/ dental, and Velarization rule: -vela

30、r+velar/ +velar, can you give a more general term that covers all the rulesmentioned above2. The phonological features that occur above the level of individual sounds are called suprasegmental feature. Discuss the main suprasegmental features, illustrating with examples how they function in the dist

31、inction of meaning第三章21. Free morpheme2.A root is often seen as part of a word, but it can never stand by itself although it bears clear., definite meaning,3.Phonological rules may move phonemes from one place in the string to another. For example, Modern English verb ask was Old English aksian, with the k preceding the s.Sound change as a result of sound movement is know ams etathesis (换位 )4.The morphemes that cannot be used by themselves, but must be combined with other morphemes to form words are cal