高考英语一轮复习动词的时态语态语法回顾与训练Word格式文档下载.docx

1、 study - studies; try - tries; worry - worries。（这些词是元音字母加“y”结尾）betray - betrays; convey - conveys; delay - delays; destroy - destroys; enjoy - enjoys; obey - obeys; pay - pays; play - plays; pray - prays; stay - stays。（3）以“o, s, x, ch, sh”结尾的词加“-es”。do - does; go - goes; pass - passes; guess - guess

2、es; fix - fixes; approach - approaches; catch - catches; teach - teaches; watch - watches; wash - washesbrush - brushes; finish - finishes; push - pushes; punish - punishes; publish - publishes; rush rushes（注意：以“th”结尾的词只加“s”。如：month - months）3、一般现在时的用法。（1）一般现在时表示经常发生的动作或存在的状态，常和always, often, usuall

3、y, sometimes, every day等时间状语连用。On Monday mornings it usually takes me an hour to drive to work although the actual distance is only 20 miles. （2）一般现在时表示客观事实、客观规律或客观真理。 “Life is like walking in the snow,” Granny used to say, “because every step shows.”（3）在时间或条件状语从句中，须用一般现在时表示将来的动作或状态，而不用一般将来时。Wheneve

4、r you buy a present, you should think about it from the receivers point of view. （4）一般现在时常可表示计划或安排好的将来的动作，多用于go, come, arrive, leave, start, open, close等动词，通常与表示将来的时间状语连用。We leave London on 15th July, and well be flying to Morocco, in northern Africa.二、一般过去时1、一般过去时用动词过去式（did）（be动词用was; were）构成。2、行为动

5、词加-ed的规则：（1）一般情况下动词词尾加 ed。ask - asked; destroy - destroyed; exist - existed; finish - finished; happen - happened; played - played; remain - remained; want - wanted; work - worked（2）以不发音的e结尾动词，动词词尾加d。advise - advised; change - changed; decide - decided; decline - declined; desire - desired; face -fa

6、ced; force - forced; judge - judged; like - liked; live - lived; require - required; urge - urged; wipe - wiped（3）以辅音字母 + y结尾的动词，把y变为i，再加-ed。bury - buried; carry - carried; copy - copied; cry - cried; empty - emptied; hurry - hurried; justify - justified; rely - relied; study - studied; try - tried;

7、 worry - worried（4）以一个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节动词，双写词尾辅音字母，再加-ed。admit admitted; ban - banned; drag - dragged; drop - dropped; grab - grabbed; occur - occurred; permit permitted; plan - planned; stop - stopped; scan - scanned; shop - shopped; sob - sobbed; swap - swapped; trap - trapped （5）不规则动词的过去式变化规律性不强，须多加记忆

8、。3、一般过去时的用法。（1）一般过去时主要表示过去某时发生的动作或存在的状态，常和a moment ago, half an hour ago, just now, yesterday, last week, in 2005, in those days, at that time, in the past, the other day等表示过去的时间状语连用。Last year, however, nearly twenty billion tons of rice was produced.（2）表示过去时间内连续发生的几个动作。He checked the evidence, read

9、 the article and passed it on to the copy-editor.（3）表示过去时间内经常的或习惯性的动作或状态。I lived in London for many years, but Ive never regretted my final decision to move back to China. 三、一般将来时. 一般将来时一般由“shall / will + 动词原形”构成，表示将来要发生的事。Next month we will have our school open day, which makes everyone excited.2.

10、“be going to + 动词原形”结构表示打算做某事或即将发生某事。The speech is going to be at 3 p.m. on 9th October.3. “be to + 动词原形”结构表示即将发生某事，或按计划安排要发生的事。We are to finish this experiment in two months at most.四、过去将来时过去将来时一般由“should / would + 动词原形”构成，表示从过去某一时间看，即将发生的动作或存在的状态。They always told us that one day we would move into

11、 a house, a real house that would belong to us. 五、现在进行时1. 现在进行时由“am / is / are + v.ing”构成。2. 行为动词加-ing的规则：（1）一般情况直接加-ing。enjoy - enjoying; paint - painting; pass - passing; read - reading; watch - watching; work - working（2）以不发音的e结尾的要去e加-ing。hope - hoping; introduce - introducing; move - moving; sha

12、ve - shaving; taste - tasting; write - writing （3）以一个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节动词，要双写词尾辅音字母，再加-ing。begin - beginning; control - controlled; cut - cutting; drop - dropping; equip - equipping; get - getting; hit - hitting; plan - planning; prefer - preferring; put - putting; refer - referring; run - running; sit -

13、sitting; set - setting; stop - stopping （4）以ie结尾的动词要改ie为y，再加-ing。die - dying; lie - lying; tie - tying3. 现在进行时的用法：（1）现在进行时表示说话时正在进行的动作或发生的事情。Because my brother is filling in an application form for a new job, we dont bother him with these simple questions. （2）现在进行时表示现阶段正在进行的动作，但说话时不一定正在进行。Today the

14、number of people learning English in China is increasing sharply.（3）现在进行时常与always, forever, constantly等副词连用，带有厌恶、赞扬等感情色彩。That she is always changing her mind often annoys others.六、过去进行时1. 现在进行时由“was / were + 动词-ing”（v.-ing）构成。2. 过去进行时表示过去某时刻或某阶段正在进行的动作，常与at this / that time yesterday, the whole even

15、ing, all day yesterday等时间状语连用。Jim was watching a late night film at home when, right in the middle of a thrilling scene, the television went blank. 七、将来进行时1. 将来进行时由“shall / will be + 现在分词”构成。2. 将来进行时表示将来某一时间正在进行的动作，一般与表示将来的时间状语连用，如soon, tomorrow, this evening, on Sunday, at this time tomorrow, in tw

16、o days, tomorrow evening等。Daniels family will be enjoying their holiday in Huangshan this time next week.八、现在完成时1. 现在完成时由“have / has + 过去分词”构成。现在完成时表示：（1）它表示动作发生在过去，但其结果影响到现在。（2）表示动作或状态从过去某一时刻开始一直持续到现在，还可能持续下去。现在完成时的标志词有以下一些：since; since then; already; yet; lately; recently; of late; so far; till no

17、w; up to now; in / over / for / during the past days / weeks / months / yearsThe marathon has been an Olympic even since the modern games started in 1896.2. 现在完成时的特殊句型：（1）It is the first / second time that sb + have / has + 过去分词。It is the second time that John has held an art exhibition. （2）It / Thi

18、s is the + 形容词最高级 + 名词 +（that） have / has + 过去分词。This is the most interesting book that I have read. 九、过去完成时1、过去完成时由“had + 过去分词”构成。过去完成时表示一个动作或状态在过去某一时间或动作之前已经完成或结束，即发生在“过去的过去”，常与by, before, when, until等引导的时间状语连用。Most of the guests had left when he arrived at the party.2、过去完成时的特殊用法：（1）It was the fir

19、st / second time that sb + had + 过去分词。It was the first time in a year and a half that I had seen the night face to face.（2）It / That was the + 形容词最高级 + 名词 +（that）sb had + 过去分词。He said it was the most expensive meal that he had had. （3）hope, expect, mean, intend, plan, suppose, think, want等动词的过去完成时表示

20、过去未实现的愿望、计划或打算。I had meant to accompany my son last Saturday, but I had to work extra hours to prepare the examination paper. （= I meant to have accompanied my son）（4）过去完成时还用于两个常用句型的主句中：hardly / scarcelywhen和no soonerthan （一就）。Hardly had we left the dormitory the next morning when we realized we had

21、 left our map in the room. （5）主语 + 过去完成时 + by +（过去时间）。I had finished reading the novel by nine oclock last night.（6）主句（过去完成时）+ by the time + 从句（过去时）。Steve Jobs had earned millions of dollars by the time he was fifteen.十、现在完成进行时现在完成进行时由“have / has been + 现在分词”构成。它表示动作从过去发生，持续进行到现在，可能还要进行下去。Jack appea

22、rs exhausted. He along with his two thirteen-year-old twin brothers has been painting the house, and he must finish the work tomorrow.Im tired.Ive been painting the living room all day. 十一、主动形式表被动意义1. 英语中有很多动词（如break, catch, clean, drive, look, open, sell, read, write, wash等），当它们被用作不及物动词来描述主语特征时，常用其

23、主动形式表达被动意义，主语通常是物；在这种情况下，常常和easily, well等副词连用。特别提醒：主动语态表被动强调的是主语的特征，而被动语态则强调外界作用造成的影响。This kind of cloth washes easily and sells well.2. 表示感受、感官的系动词feel, sound, taste, look等后跟形容词、名词构成系表结构，无被动形式。The water felt cool when I jumped into the pool for morning exercise.3. 在need, want, require, deserve等动词、w

24、orth等形容词的后面，动名词用主动形式表示被动意义，其含义相当于动词不定式的被动形式。The house which needs repairing/to be repaired belongs to his grandfather. 4. 在某些“主语（人 / 物）/ It + be + 形容词 + 不定式”中不定式的主动形式表达被动意义。这些形容词有nice, easy, fit, hard, difficult, pleasant等。She is hard to please. Everything has to be perfect. This English song is eas

25、y to learn. 5. “介词in、on、under等 + 名词”构成介词短语表被动意义。表示方位的介词与含动作意义的名词合用，含被动之意，其意义相当于该名词相应动词的被动形式，名词前一般不用冠词。常考的有：under control受控制 under treatment在治疗中 under repair在修理中under discussion在讨论中 under construction在施工中The problem which is under discussion draws everyones attention. 注意：不及物动词是没有被动语态的。常考的有以下一些，请同学们用心

26、记住。happen, occur, rise, arise, die, fail, appear, survive, remain, break out, come about, take place, run out, break out, come up, come out, belong to, date back to, date from十二、常考的一些被动句型1. Im fully / greatly convinced that 我深信2. It is generally acknowledged that 人们普遍认为3. As is known to us all, 众所周知

27、4. It is said / believed / reported that 据说/人们相信/据报道= sb / sth is said to do sth / to be doing sth / to have done sth强化训练一、语法填空：在空白处填入适当的内容（一个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。1. Finally the slave trade _ （abolish） in 1807. 2. It was the first time that Aston _ （admit） to stealing a vehicle.3. So far all flights and h

28、igh speed trains _ （cancel） because of the typhoon.4. An amusement park is under _ （construct）. 5. At present, lots of food with medicines _ （transport ）from all over China to the earthquake- stricken areas.6. Hes a responsible writer, and he deserves _ （respect）.7. A cook _ （fire） if he is caught _

29、 （smoke）in the kitchen.8. I_ （try） to phone Tom all evening, _ I cant seem to get _ There must be something wrong with the network.9. He glanced quickly _ his shoulder to see if he _ （follow）10. The thief glanced at the newspaper headline, _ （realize） that he _ （want） by the police, and then he _ （immediate） escaped.11.Hardly had it_（strike）0 oclock on November 11_ the shopaholics（购物狂）began to shop online _ （crazy）.12. Honestly, I _ （hurt） because I had no idea why you took no notice of what w