新《语音》小教培训讲义.docx

1、新语音小教培训讲义英语语音及自然发音法讲义知识点1：英语语音美式音标 Basic information about phonetics发音部位侧面图美式音标表单元音 双元音辅音 知识点2：自然发音法及发音组合要领No.1：a e i o u a_e e_e i_e o_e u_eAa : mat map bag cat hat fan bat appleEe:egg well red pen net hen bed bellIi: lick six bib pig pin kiss ink hillOo:ox on octopus box sock operate ostrichUu:sun

2、 umbrella cup bus nut gun uncle undercape name tape lake game make take hatethese Japanese Chinese bite five nine kite mine nice ride side rose nose rope note pose home rode those tube cube June cute huge 要领No.2：ai ay ee ea ey ie igh oa ow ui ueai: tail rain paint pain jail rail nail maid ay:bay ray

3、 way say hay pay May lay ee:reeds eel bee peel jeep feet see teethea:sea meat peanut eagle peach tea leaf peaey:donkey monkey jockey turkey monkey hockey key trolley ie:tie pie lie dieigh:right sight night tight hight fight high sighoa:road toast toad coal goat boat coat soapow:rainbow pillow yellow

4、 window bowl row hollow lowui:suit juice fruit ue:Sue blue glue true 要领No.3：ar er ir ur or ar: arm car armchair card cart farm park gardener:sister brother under rooster winter mermaid marker motherir:birthday circus dirty bird circle dirt girlur:turtle surfing turkey fur hurt purse nurseor:porch po

5、rk horse horn fort morning corn fork 要领No.4：ou ow oi oy au aw oo oo eaou:house out mouth count fountain mountain shout mouse ow:cow towel clown owl crown brown flower toweroi:coin oil point noise boil soil poison coiloy:oyster boy cowboy soy toyau:august sause sausage naughty autumn applauseaw:paw d

6、raw saw straw strawberry lawnoo:moon zoo roof rooster boots food spoon room cool fool boom foolishoo:book cook good foot look hook ea:head sweater sweat pear lead bear leather feather 要领No.5：ch sh wh ph th th kn wr mbch:beach lunch cheese bench church chicken chair cherrysh:sheep shirt ship fish dis

7、h push shoes shovelwh:whale white wheel wheat whip whistle wheelchair whisperph:photo elephant telephone trophy pharmacy alphabetth:brother feather leather father motherth:thumb three bathmat thirsty thief bath mouth teeth kn:knob knee knife knock knitwr:wrist wrinkle wrap wreath writemb:thumb lamb

8、bomb comb crumb numb要领No.6：bl fl pl cl gl br cr gr pr fr tr drbl:blue black blouse bloom bleach blanket blonde hairfl: flat flu fly flame flute floor flag flowerpl:plane play plus planet platform plum plate plantcl:clock cloud clean clay climb close clap clowngl:glove globe glass glue glasses glider

9、br:bright brook brim bride brown bread brick brothercr:crown crab cream crow crayon crocodile cry croissantgr:gray green grass grapes ground grow grandmapr:prixe price prawn press prince princess prayfr:frog frost Friday French fries fruit front friend frametr:tractor truck train tray tree triangle

10、trunk trolleydr:dream drum dry drop draw drive dress drink要领No.7：sm sn sl sw sp st sc sk all ew ysm:smile small smell smoke smoothsn:snowman snow snore snake snail sneakers sneakers snacksl:slow slap sleep slide slope sledsw:switch swallow swan swim sweet swing sweater sweatsp:spider spaceship spina

11、ch spoon spellst:stockings store star stamp storm stick student stand sc:scarf scooter scanner scarecrow scale scorpion scoopsk:skunk skis skirt skatesall:call tall fall ball wall ew:dew few view hew new nephew newspapery: sky fly dry spy type shy cry my y :Miny sunny puppy dizzy dirty pony happy ba

12、by扩充知识点自然发音法口诀歌a a apple, b b ball, c c cat, d d dog, e e elephant, f f fishThis is phonics song, because I like that.The names of letters are A B C, the sounds of letters are a b c.g g gorilla, h h hat, i i igloo, j j jacket, k k kagroo, l l lionLets do the phonics song one more time.The names of l

13、etters are E F G, the sounds of letters are e f g.m m monkey, n n nose, o o octopus,p p pain, q q question, r r rainThis is phonics song, are you ready to say?The names of letters are N O P, the sounds of letters are n o ps s sun, t t tiger, u u umbrella,v v violin, w w watch, x x foxThis is phonics

14、 song, are you ready to write?The names of letters are R S T, the sounds of letters are r s tThe names of letters are X Y Z, the sounds of letters are x y z.y y yellow, z z zebra ,Thats the end of the phonics song.知识点3：英语语调语调（intonation），即说话的腔调，就是一句话里声调高低抑扬轻重的配制和变化。英语的基本语调包括升调（）和降调（），它们还可以组合成降升调、升降调

15、和升降升调。用不同的语调读句子就会有不同的意思。一、 升调和降调降调：降调的基本含义是“结束”“肯定”。常见的一般陈述句、命令祈使句和特殊问句都用降调。使用降调的句子有这样的特点：1、整个句子的音调从第一个重读音节开始，从高到低，依次递降，在最后一个重读音节上语调滑落下降。2. 若最后一个重读音节后有非重读音节，则它们的语调地平。3. 若句子以非重读音节开始，则它们语调低平。4. 句子中的非重读音与它前面的重读音基本在同一音高，或略为下降。快速记忆：重读音节依次递降，句末重读降落下滑。升调：升调的基本含义是：“没有结束” ，“不肯定”。常见的一般疑问句用降调。它的特点是：1.整个句子的音调从第

16、一个重读音节开始，从高到低，依次递降，在最后一个重读音节上语调上升。2. 若最后一个重读音节后有非重读音节，则它们依次递升。3. 若句子以非重读音节开始，则它们语调低平。4. 句中的非重读音与它前面的重读音基本在同一音高，或依次降调。快速记忆：重读音节依次递降，句末重读回升上滑。英语的语调还有降升调、升降调和升降升调。降升调在英语中也比较常用。它常表示“对比” “态度保留” “有言外之意”。升降调常表示语气强烈、惊奇、自满得意等感情。升降升调常表示自信、欢快、洋洋得意等感情。二、 常见句式的语调（一）陈述句的语调。陈述句表示陈述一件事时用降调。例：1. I understand. 2. Its

17、 difficult.3. Beijing is the capital of China. 4. There is a book on the desk.5.They are going to have a picnic. 6. The balloons are flying away.7.The birds are singing in the trees.8.Daming is having a birthday party.（二）特殊疑问句的语调。特殊疑问句一般用降调，句首的疑问词一般重读。例：1.Whats this? 2. What are you doing? 3.Who is

18、your mother? 4. Who are they?5.Where are you going? 6. Where do you live? 练习：1.What do you want to eat? 2.How much is a hamburger?3.When are we going to eat? 4. Who can help me?5.Where is Simons mum? 6. How does Amy go to school?7.When and where was Helen Keller born?（三）感叹句的语调1.感叹句表示强烈感叹时用降调。例：What

19、a beautiful car! What a nice day! Oh,dear! How nice is it? 2.感叹句表示惊奇时用升降调。例： A: I bought this dress for 500 dollars. B: 500 dollars!练习：1. What a big house! 2. How cool!3. How heavy the box is ! 4. How tall the man is !5. What a beautiful day today!（四）一般疑问句和答语的语调一般疑问句用升调，它的简略回答用降调。例：1. Is this your b

20、ook? 2.Are you from America? Yes, it is. Yes, I am. No, it isnt. No, I am not.练习：1.Has he got a toy plane? 2. Am I going to have a birthday party? Yes, he has. Yes, you are. No, he hasnt . No, you arent.3. Is it really a dog? Yes, it is. No, it isnt. （五）选择疑问句的语调。选择疑问句的语调主要有两种：1. 在说话人所说的几项中选择时，前面的选择事

21、项用升调，最后的一项用降调，中间的连接词如or用平调。例：Shall we walk or go by bike? 我们是走着去还是骑自行车去？Is your car blue, green, or red? 你的车是蓝色的，绿色的，还是红色的？Do you go there by bus or by taxi? 你坐公共汽车去还是坐出租车去？2.如果还有其他选择说话人没有说出来，说话人说的几项都用升调。例：Shall we walk or go by bike? 我们是走着去还是骑自行车去？Is your car blue, green, or red? 你的车是蓝色的，绿色的，还是红色的？

22、Do you go there by bus or by taxi? 你坐公共汽车去还是坐出租车去？练习：Could you come Monday, Tuesday, or Wednesday? 你周一来，还是周二、周三来？Which country would you like to go to, England, Canada, or America? 你想去哪个国家，英国、加拿大还是美国？Could you come Monday, Tuesday, or Wednesday?你周一来，还是周二、周三或是来？Which country would you like to go to,

23、England, Canada, or America?你想去哪个国家，英国、加拿大、美国还是？（六）反意疑问句的语调反意疑问句前一部分用降调，后一部分有两种情况：1. 提问者对所提问问题没有把握，希望对方回答时用升调。例：You will go to see films, wont you ? 你是去看电影吗？They went to the library, didnt they? 他们是去图书馆吗？2. 提问者对所提的问题有很大把握，让对方证实时用降调。例： He is from China, isnt he? 他是从中国来吧？ There are over one thousand p

24、eople in the hall, arent there? 大厅里有1000多人吧？练习：Daming will have a birthday party, wonthe? 大明是下个月举行生日聚会吗？He is from Canada, isnt he? 他是从加拿大来吗？Lily will study abroad , wont she? 莉莉要出国留学吧？She is from England, isnt she? 她是从英国来吧？（七）祈使句的语调1.表示命令，语气强硬的祈使句，句末用降调。 Dont open the door! 不许开门！ Dont make any mist

25、akes! 别出差错！练习： Dont take any chances! 不要心存侥幸！ Stand up! 站起来！ Take off your coat! 脱下衣服！ Close the window! 关上窗户！2. 表示鼓励、态度亲切或客气的请求的祈使句，句末用升调： Dont worry about that. 不要担心。Help yourself, please. 请自便。Stand up, please. 请起立。练习：Come with us. 跟我来吧。Now listen to me carefully. 现在认真听我说。Give me a call. 给我打电话。Giv

26、e my best to your family. 待我向你们全家问好。3. 表示恳切的请求，或责备或表示关心的急切警告时用降升调，第一个重读音节用降调，句末用升调。 Dont open the door. 不要开门。（会冷的） Dont eat so much sugar. 不要吃那么多糖。（糖对身体不好） Put your coat on. 把衣服穿上。（外面冷） （八）问候、告别、道谢与道歉时的语调问候1. 正常、客气的问候用降调。Good morning. 早上好。How are you? 你好吗？How do you do? 你好！2. 熟人、朋友互相问候时，或表示活泼、热情时用升调

27、。Good morning. 早上好。How are you? 你好吗？告别大部分的告别都用升调。Goodbye.See you later.Good night.道谢1. 正常的感谢用降调。Thank you .Thanks a lot.Thank you very much.2. 比较随和的感谢用升调。Thanks.Thanks a lot.Thank you very much道歉道歉一般用升调或先降后升。Sorry.Im sorry.I do feel sorry for you.I am sorry Im late.三、语调进阶语调与说话人所表达的意思，态度、感情密切相关。一个句子用

28、不同的语调来读，就表达不同的意思。如汉语说“他开会去了。”就可以有多种语调。用降调表示陈述一件事，用升调表示疑问。英语也是如此。我们前面主要讲了常见句式的基本语调。下面我们主要介绍语调变化所表达的不同意思。（一） 陈述句1. 陈述句表示疑问用升调。比较：You know. 你知道。 You know? 你知道吗？ He is a doctor. 他是医生。 He is a doctor? 他是医生吗？ He has gone to London. 他去伦敦了。 He has gone to London? 他去伦敦了吗？2.陈述句表示安慰、鼓励和友好时用升调。 A: This is the p

29、icture of my wife. B: Oh, she is pretty. A: My English is so poor. B: Dont worry. Ill help you with your English. 3. 表示观点有所保留，态度有所怀疑或犹豫，或有言外之意，下文有转折（如but）时用降升调。A: Do you like the house? 你喜欢这个房子吗？B: Its new . ( But its small) 挺新的。（但是小）A: Lets go the theatre tomorrow. 咱们明天去看电影吧。B: I cant go tomorrow .

30、 ( But another day will do ) 明天不行。（换一天可以）4. 用于纠正某人的话或表示相反意见时用降升调。A: She is a nurse. 她是护士。B: A doctor . 是医生。A: I cant finish the task. 我完不成这个任务。B: You can . 你能。（二） 特殊疑问句 1. 当提问过一次问题后，因没听清或没听懂对方的回答而又提问了一次问题时，用升调：A: When will you come back? 你什么时候回来？B: In January. 一月A: When will you come back? 你什么时候回来？A: Whats your name? 你叫什么名字？B: My name is Amy. 我叫埃米。A: Did you say your name was Amy? 你是说你叫埃米吗？2. 重复对方的问话以得到证实得疑问句用升调：A: When will the meeting begin? 会议什么时候开？B: When will the meeting begin?