宾语定语状语从句.docx

1、宾语定语状语从句宾语从句一 什么 是宾语从句？We know him （简单句)主 谓 宾We know he likes English 复合句主 谓v （ 主 谓v 宾） 宾语宾语从句就是由一个句子来构成主句的宾语 二 .宾语从句的引导词1.由从属连词that引导的宾语从句e.g. I hear (that) he will be back in an hour.注：that 在句中无词义，在从句中不能充当句子成分，在口语中往往被省略。2.由连接代词 Who,whom,whose,which,what和连接副词 where,how,why,when引导的宾语从句。这些连词既有词义又充当句子

2、成份。e.g.1)Do you know whose book it is ?（谁的，作定语） 2)Could you tell me why the train is late? （为什么，作状语） 3)He asked who could answer the question.（谁，作主语） .由从属连词 whether, if 引导的宾语从句if/whether 引导宾语从句 表示“是否”之义，在句中不充当句子成份。 if/whether可互换,但当有. or not. /作主语只能用/to do 不定式连用/介词后只能用e.g. I want to know if/whether s

3、he is right . 1 I dont know _ he will come or not.2 I dont care of _ he is handsome.3 He wondered _ to stay here the next week.4 _ he will come is not decided. 看一看：I dont know if it will rain tomorrow.If it rains ,Ill stay at home. I want to know when he （come) back.When he （come）back, please tell m

4、e.想一想：when和if 可以引导什么从句？它们的时态有什么特点？when和if 既可以引导宾语从句，也可以引导状语从句。在宾语从句中，时态根据需要确定；在状语从句中，遵循主将从现的原则。三. 宾语从句的语序无论主句是陈述句还是疑问句，宾语从句都是运用陈述句的语序，即是“主语在前，谓语在后”的顺序。即：主语+谓语（疑问词）主语+谓语.Helen says that she will learn French next year. Do you know where he comes from?He asked me if I could get to the bus station on t

5、ime.四.宾语从句中时态的变化1.当主句是一般现在时，宾语从句的时态不作限制，我们可以根据句子的需要使用任何一种时态。（需要性原则）I hear (that):Jim ( be ) a worker two years ago.Jim ( be ) an English teacher now . Jim ( sing )a popular song now.Jim ( be ) to the Great Wall twice . Jim ( play ) basketball when his father came back. Jim ( learn )1000 Chinese word

6、s by the end of last semester. 2.当主句是一般过去时的时候，宾语从句必须运用相应的过去的某一种时态，从而达到主句和从句的相互一致。（呼应性原则）He said he（will go）to hongkong He （is）sick he（be reading）a book he（have finished）his home work确定从句的时态(根据主句时态)（即主过从四过原则)主句时态 从句时态连接前连接后一般现在时保持不变一般过去时一般现在时一般过去时一般过去时过去完成时一般将来时过去将来时现在进行时过去进行时现在完成时过去完成时注意：如果宾语从句所陈述的是

7、客观真理，其时态常用一般现在时。例如： Our teacher said that January is the first month of the year. Scientists have proved that the earth turns around the sun He told me (that) Summer （be) after Spring I was told (that) the earth （travel) around the sun. My parents told me (that) no news （be) good news五.宾语从句与简单句的转换 I

8、 dont know where I should go. Tell me how I can do it. I dont know where to go. Tell me how to do it. 你有什么发现？ 结论：由连接代词和连接副词引导的宾语从句 疑问词 + to do 的简单句。 1.John didnt decide which book he would buy .(变为简单句） John didnt decide .2.Can you tell me how to get to the bus stop ?(变为复合句） Can you tell me the bus s

9、top ? 六宾语从句否定的转移（在反意疑问句中）当主语为第一人称时，谓语动词为believe，think，suppose，expect等词时如果宾语从句表否定的意思时应将从句的否定转移到主句中，即主句谓语动词变为否定。注：在反意疑问句时，硬将主句否定转移到从句中。I dont think they have finished their work yet, ?I dont believe he is an honest man, ?练习1. Do you know he came here? Yes , he came here by train .1.She says she (learn

10、)English for ten years .2. The teacher told us that the earth (be)round .3.What did your parents thank about your decision? -They always let me do _I think I should. 4. Do you know _ the man with sunglasses is? -Im not sure. Maybe a reporter. 5.-Tommy, do you know if Frank _( go ) to the zoo this Su

11、nday if it _(be)fine? -Sorry, I have no idea. 6. No one can be sure_ man will look like in a million years. 7. The new-designed car is on show now. I wonder _. much it cost 8.Catherine said_ she had never been to Guangzhou. 9. Your T-shirt is so cool. Could you tell me where you _ it ? In Walmart 10

12、.Excuse me .Could you tell me_ I can get to the Space Museum? -Of course. You can take bus No.1.答案1. how 2. is 3.what 4.what 5. will go; is fine 6.what 7.how 8. That 9. bought 10.how 定语从句（Attributive clause）的考点讲解和训练 什么是定语？定语是用来修饰、限定、说明_或_的品质与特征的。 主要有形容词来作定语，此外还有名词、代词、数词、介词短语、动词不定式（短语）、分词、定语从句或相当于形容词

13、的词、短语或句子都可以作定语。 汉语中常用的表示。单个的词作定语时通常放在它所修饰的词_，作前置定语。短语和从句作定语时则放在所修饰的词_，作后置定语。例如:a famous university.（_做定语）The boy in blue is Tom. 穿蓝色衣服的孩子是汤姆。（_做定语）I want something to eat .（_做定语）A student called Mike is very polite.（_做定语）【精讲】 一. 定语从句的功用和结构在复合句中，修饰某一_词或_词的从句叫做定语从句。被定语从句修饰的词叫做_。定语从句必须放在先行词之_。引导定语从句的引导

14、词有关系代词和关系副词。常见的关系代词包括that, which，who（宾格whom，所有格whose）等，关系副词包括where， when，why等。如：1) The man who lives next to us is a policeman. 2) You must do everything that I do. 关系代词和关系副词用来引导定于从句，在先行词和定语从句之间起纽带作用，使二者联系起来。关系代词和关系副词又在定语从句中充当一个成分。关系代词做主语，宾语，定语，关系副词做状语。关系代词和关系副词由先行词确定。二. 定语从句的分类根据定语从句与先行词的关系，定语从句可分为

15、_定语从句及_定语从句。_定语从句紧跟先行词，主句与从句不用逗号分开，从句不可省去，_定语从句主句与从句之间有逗号分开，起补充说明作用，如省去，意思仍完整。三. 各个关系代词和关系副词的具体用法1. who 先行词 指人，在定语从句中作。例如：The person who broke the window must pay for it.The person must pay for it, broke the window2. whom先行词指人，在定语从句中作，可以省略。例如：Do you know the young man (whom) we met at the gate？Do yo

16、u know the young man?we met at the gate3. whose先行词指人，也可指物，在定语从句中可作定语,修饰名词。例如：The girl whose mother is ill is staying at home today.4. which先行词指物，在定语从中作可主语或宾语可与that转换，作宾语时可省略。例如：A dictionary is a book whichthat gives the meaning of words.5. that先行词可指人，也可指物，在定语从句中可作主语或宾语，作宾语时可省略例如：Ive read the newspap

17、er that(which) carries the important news.Who is the person that is reading the newspaper over there?6. when先行词指时间，在定语从句中可作时间状语相当于at/ on/ in/ during which. Ill never forget the day when (on which ) I reached the top of the Huangshan。 例如： Ill never forget the time when we worked on the farm.7. where先

18、行词指地点，在定语从句中可作地点状语相当于at/ in / to/ which.例如：This is the school where( at which ) I studied. This is the house where we lived last year. 8. why 先行词指原因，在定语从句中可作原因状语。例如：Nobody knows the reason why he is often late for school.四. 具体使用时还要注意下列问题：1. 只能使用that,不用which 的情况：(1) 先行词是all, few, little, nothing, eve

19、rything, anything 等不定代词时。 例如： All that he said is true. (2) 先行词被被the only, the very, the last, the next等词修饰时。例如： He is the only foreigner that has been to that place. (3) 先行词本身是序数词或形容词最高级，或被序数词或形容词最高级修 饰时。例如：He was the second (person) that told me the secret.(4) 先行词是以which/who开头的疑问句时. 例如：Who is the

20、girl that is crying？(5) 先行词既包括人又包括物时。例如：He talked about the people and the things he remembered.（6) the same 修饰先行词时 , 定语从句要用that 或as引导 , 但意义不同。This is the same watch as I lost last Sunday . (表示相同但并非同一)This is the same knife that I used yesterday . (表示就是那个)（7)There be 后面的定语从句多用that引导 , 不用which 。There

21、s a seat in the corner that is still free . 2. 只能用which，不用that 的情况：(1) 在非限制性定语从中。例如： The meeting was put off, which was exactly what we wanted. (2) 定语从句由介词+关系代词引导，先行词是物时。例如： The thing about which he is talking is of great importance. 1.-Does the teacher know everybody _ planted the trees? -Yes, he d

22、oes. 2. The letter _ I received from him yesterday is very important. 注意：1. 关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，从句的谓语动词的人称和数须和先行词一致。例如： I dont like person who talks much but do little. The cars which are produced in Hubei Province sell very well. 2. what不能引导定语从句.3.先行词指人时，that和who或whom可以互换.4.先行词指物时，that和which可以互换.5.介词前置时

23、，只能选which或whom.【课堂练习】I. 把下列句子连成定语从句。1. Tom began to think of the games. He wanted to play the games. _2. Im the only person. The only person can do it right. _3. Was Jim Smiley the man ? The man filled the frog with pieces of lead . _4. The boys would soon come along. The boys were free _5. The book

24、 is The Adventures of Tom Samyer. He likes the book most. _6. The writer is Mark Twain. He likes the writer most. _7. The novel was The Adventures of Tom Samyer. The story came from the novel. _8. The person was Mark Twain. The person wrote the novel. _II.把定语从句拆成两个句子。1. The only friend that Hucklebe

25、rry Finn had was Tom Sawyer. _2. This is the boy that /who gave Tom a kite. _3. This is the kite that/ which Billy Fisher gave Tom. _4. This is the boy who/that offered Tom two toy soldiers. _ III.单项填空1. -Do you know the man _is talking with your father？-Yes, hes our headmaster.A. he B. who C. which

26、 D. whom2. Is this the river _I can swim？A. which B. in which C. that D. the one3. This is the best hotel in the city _I know. A. where B. which C. that D. it4. Can you lend me the dictionary _the other day？A. that you bought B. you bought it C. that you bought it D. which you bought it5. Anyone _wi

27、th what I said may put up you hands.A. which agrees B. who agree C. who agrees D. which agree6. My watch is not the only thing _ is missing. A. that B. it C. which D. who7. The man _coat is black is waiting at the gateA. whos B. whose C. that D. of which.8. The girl _ is reading under the tree _my sister.A.