英语语法中的平行结构.doc

1、平行结构一、连词连接两个对等的词和对等的结构并列连词and, but, as well as, or, or else, both and, neither nor, either or, not only but (also), rather than,asas等以及从属连词than可连接两个对等的词和对等的结构。1.所连接的谓语形式必须一致例1：He went downtown, bought some books and visited his daughter.例2：Gunpowder was discovered in the twelfth century, but not use

2、d in warfare until two hundred years later.2.所连接的词或短语形式必须一致例1：Your semester grade is based not only on how well you do on each test, but also on how you participate in class.例2：We often go to the countryside as well as to factories.例3：I would much rather go to the countryside than stay here.3.连接的非谓语

3、动词的形式必须一致例1：Some find swimming more enjoyable than sitting at home reading.例2：He was engaged in writing a letter rather than reading the newspaper.4.所连接的句子结构必须一致例1：She is pleased with what you have given and all that you have told him.例2：The purpose of the research had a more different meaning for t

4、hem than it did for us.二、某些特定的固定结构。例如：(1)有些词后要用平行结构。例如：prefer sth to sthprefer doing sth to doing sthprefer to do sth rather than do sth1) I prefer rice to noodles.2)I prefer watching TV to listening to music.3) He preferred to die rather than surrender.(2)有些结构中要用平行结构。例如：would / had rather / sooner

5、do something than do something, would / had as soon do something as do something (宁可也不)1) Liu Hulan said she had rather die than give up.2) I would as soon stay at home as go.III 部分强调句要强调句子的某一部分，可以把句子的结构改变一下，通常有两种表示强调的句式：It is / was that 结构和What is / was结构。一、It is / was that 结构1.It is / was that 结构可

6、以用来强调句子中几乎任何部分例1：It was my mother that threw an egg at Mr. Li yesterday.例2：It was Mr. Li that my mother threw an egg at yesterday.2.被强调的部分指人时，可用who 或whom强调主语时，如果指的是人， 可以不用that而用who来代替。强调宾语时，如果指点的是人，可用whom。例如：1）It was the dean who walked by.2）It was Mary whom the old lady missed most.3被强调部分指物时，要用that

7、例如：It was an egg that my mother threw at Mr. Li yesterday.4.被强调部分是状语时，也只能用that，不能用when或where.例1：It is during his spare time that John has been studying a course in French.例2：It was in the hall that the mayor held the press conference.5.不能用It is / was that 结构强调动词强调动词常用do,过去式用did。例如：1) They did study very hard yesterday.2) He does look forward to making the acquaintance of her.What is / was 结构二、What is / was 结构常用来强调主语或宾语，在这种结构中，is/ was后面是强调的部分。例如：1）What hurts is my left leg.2）What I like is her style.